This document discusses four major approaches to management: classical, behavioral, quantitative, and contingency. The classical approach includes scientific management theorists like Taylor and general administrative theorists like Fayol and Weber. The behavioral approach focuses on individuals and organizational behavior, influenced by researchers like Mary Parker Follett. The quantitative approach applies statistics and other analytical tools to management problems and decisions, exemplified by total quality management. Finally, the contingency approach believes the best management approach depends on the specific circumstances of an organization.

1. Course: Introduction to Management
Assignment Title : Major
Management Approaches
Course Instructor : Miss Afshan Rauf
Deadline: 19 Aug 2014
Name : Ahmed Zeeshan
ID:FA14-BB-0034

3. Major Approaches to Management

4. Classical Approach
The term used to describe the hypotheses of
scientific management theorists and the general
administrative theorists.
Scientific management theorists.
- Fredrick W. Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth,
and Henry Gantt
 General administrative theorists
- Henri Fayol and Max Weber

5. Behavioral Approach
Actual Managers who
thought organizations
were social required
cooperation
Concerned about deplorable
working conditions
Pioneer in field of
industrial
psychology
Robert
Owens 1700s
Early Advocaes
of OB
Chester
Bernard
1930s
Hugo
Munsterberg
Early 1900s
One of the first to
believe that
organizations
could be viewed
from perspective
of an individual
Mary Parker Follet
Earlyv1900s

6. BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
Managers get things done by working
with people
└ explains why some writers
choose to look at management by
- focusing on an organization’s
people.
Organizational behavior
- field of study that researches
the action (behavior) of people at
work
└ motivation, leadership, conflict
, sabotage, absenteeism
Hawthorne
Studies

7. QUANTITATVE APPROACH
How managers today apply Behavioral
approach?
Largely shape how today’s
organization are managed.
How to build teams
How to motivate today’s employees.
Money is no longer the main key
motivator. Other intrinsic values.
Transactional leadership skills to
motivate and lead employees.

8. QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
Also known as decision science /
science management.
Involves applying statistics,
optimization models, information
models, computer simulations to
management activities.
Linear-programming – improve
allocation resource decisions
Total Quality Management - important
contributor

9. QUANTATIVE APPROACH
Total Quality Management
- a management philosophy devoted to continual
improvement and
responding to customer needs and expectations.
“Customers “ , encompass employees & suppliers , the
people who purchase the goods and services.
Continuous improvement
- accurate measurements which require statistical
measurement are
compared against standards to identify and correct
problems.

10. QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
Intense
focus on
customer
Total Quality
Management
Concern for
continuous
improvement
Process
focused
Empowerment of
employees

11. The Contingency Approach
DEFINATATION: The contingency
approach to management is based on the
idea that there is no one best way to manage
and that to be effective, planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling must be tailored to the
particular circumstances faced by an
organization.