Presentation fundamental unit_of_life_class10 _biology
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The document discusses the fundamental unit of life, the cell. It states that cells are the basic structural and functional units that make up all living organisms. Cells can exist as single-celled unicellular organisms or many-celled multicellular organisms. All cells contain basic structures like a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Organelles like the cell wall, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum allow cells to carry out specialized functions and processes.
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This document provides an overview of cell structure and organization. It defines prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and describes the main components of animal and plant cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cell wall. Specific organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, ribosomes, lysosomes, centrioles, and vacuoles are explained. Videos are provided for virtual tours of typical animal and plant cells. Activities at the end instruct students to fill in organelle names and compare animal and plant cells.
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The document describes the key components of plant and animal cells. It explains that plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, which animal cells do not have. Both plant and animal cells contain a cell membrane, nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuoles, and Golgi bodies. Lysosomes are found mostly in animal cells. The nucleus controls the cell's activities, the cell membrane protects the cell and determines what enters and exits, and chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs in plant cells.
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Organelles have specific roles in cells, similar to how organs function in the body. The cell membrane and cell wall enclose the cell and control what passes in and out. The nucleus contains DNA that determines the cell's characteristics. The cytoplasm is where cellular activities occur. Mitochondria provide energy through respiration. Ribosomes synthesize proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum transports materials and provides surface area for reactions. Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis in plant cells. Vacuoles store materials and maintain pressure. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes.
Plant cell
Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 using an early microscope. He observed the structures of cork cells. The development of electron microscopes in the 1930s allowed scientists to view cells and organelles at much higher magnifications. Key discoveries included the nucleus by Brown in 1831, living cells by Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674, and the proposal of the cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow from 1838-1858 stating that cells are the fundamental unit of life. Plant cells have additional structures like a cell wall and chloroplasts. The main components of plant cells are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell.
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The document summarizes cell structure and organelles. It describes that cells are the basic unit of life and contain organelles that carry out specific functions. The key organelles discussed include the nucleus, which houses genetic material, chloroplasts which conduct photosynthesis in plant cells, and vacuoles which store waste and maintain pressure.
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This document summarizes the key organelles and their functions in plant and animal cells. It describes two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells which are divided into four classes, focusing on plant and animal cells. The major organelles common to both types of eukaryotic cells are then explained, such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, and ribosomes. Organelles unique to plant cells like chloroplasts and the cell wall are also outlined. Finally, the differences between plant and animal cells are recapped.
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This document discusses cells and their discovery. It provides definitions of cells and notes that cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things. It describes how Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. The size of organisms is determined by the number of cells they contain. The document outlines key parts of cells like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chromosomes, and various cell organelles. It concludes with a comparison of plant and animal cells.
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This document provides an overview of cell structure and organization. It defines prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and describes the main components of animal and plant cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cell wall. Specific organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, ribosomes, lysosomes, centrioles, and vacuoles are explained. Videos are provided for virtual tours of typical animal and plant cells. Activities at the end instruct students to fill in organelle names and compare animal and plant cells.
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The document describes the key components of plant and animal cells. It explains that plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, which animal cells do not have. Both plant and animal cells contain a cell membrane, nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuoles, and Golgi bodies. Lysosomes are found mostly in animal cells. The nucleus controls the cell's activities, the cell membrane protects the cell and determines what enters and exits, and chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs in plant cells.
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Organelles have specific roles in cells, similar to how organs function in the body. The cell membrane and cell wall enclose the cell and control what passes in and out. The nucleus contains DNA that determines the cell's characteristics. The cytoplasm is where cellular activities occur. Mitochondria provide energy through respiration. Ribosomes synthesize proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum transports materials and provides surface area for reactions. Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis in plant cells. Vacuoles store materials and maintain pressure. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes.
Plant cell
Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 using an early microscope. He observed the structures of cork cells. The development of electron microscopes in the 1930s allowed scientists to view cells and organelles at much higher magnifications. Key discoveries included the nucleus by Brown in 1831, living cells by Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674, and the proposal of the cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow from 1838-1858 stating that cells are the fundamental unit of life. Plant cells have additional structures like a cell wall and chloroplasts. The main components of plant cells are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell.
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The document summarizes cell structure and organelles. It describes that cells are the basic unit of life and contain organelles that carry out specific functions. The key organelles discussed include the nucleus, which houses genetic material, chloroplasts which conduct photosynthesis in plant cells, and vacuoles which store waste and maintain pressure.
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This document discusses cells and their discovery. It provides definitions of cells and notes that cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things. It describes how Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. The size of organisms is determined by the number of cells they contain. The document outlines key parts of cells like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chromosomes, and various cell organelles. It concludes with a comparison of plant and animal cells.
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The biology class agenda covers reviewing organelles, defining key terms like vacuole and cell wall, and comparing plant and animal cells. The teacher will define organelles found in both like vacuoles and only in plants like chloroplasts and cell walls. A warm-up questions students to define organelle and identify ER and Golgi differences. The review has students make cell part analogies. Plant cells are outlined as having cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles while animal cells contain centrioles.
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The document describes a journey through a cell, referred to as Cell Town, to learn about its major components and their functions. It explains that the nucleus is the cell's control center that contains DNA. The cytoplasm contains organelles like the mitochondria, which produces energy for the cell, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in manufacturing and transporting proteins. The lesson aims to provide an understanding of the structures and roles of key parts of the human cell.
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This document provides information about the basic parts of plant and animal cells. It discusses that all cells have a cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The nucleus controls cell activities and division. Cytoplasm is a semi-fluid material between the nucleus and cell membrane made of various components. The document also outlines several common cell organelles found in the cytoplasm, including mitochondria, vacuoles, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. It provides brief descriptions of the functions of these organelles.
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The document discusses the key components and structures of plant and animal cells. It begins by explaining how Robert Hooke first observed cells in cork in 1665 under a microscope. It then describes the basic components of cells, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. The functions of these various organelles are outlined. The document concludes with an overview comparing the main differences between typical plant and animal cells.
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Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 when examining a slice of cork under his microscope. He saw that cork had a honeycomb-like structure consisting of many small compartments, which were later termed cells. All organisms are made of cells, with some being single-celled and others multicellular. Cells have a plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and various organelles that allow them to carry out functions necessary for life. The basic components and structures of cells were described.
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A cell is the fundamental unit of life. It is capable of independent existence and carries out all functions necessary to sustain life. The document defines cells and describes their key components. It explains that cells come in various shapes and sizes, and are enclosed by a membrane with a nucleus and cytoplasm inside. The document distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and describes several important cell organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and their functions.
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The document discusses the fundamental unit of life - the cell. It provides details about the discovery of cells and outlines several key points of the cell theory. The main components of cells, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm and various organelles, are described along with their structures and functions. The key differences between plant and animal cells as well as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are highlighted. Various cellular processes such as diffusion, osmosis, and the effects of isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions are also explained.
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The document summarizes key differences and similarities between plant and animal cells. It describes the main components of plant cells, including a cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and plastids. It also outlines the main parts of animal cells, such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, and lysosomes. Both cell types share some similar structures like the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus.
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This document discusses the parts of plant and animal cells. It defines a cell as the smallest unit of life and notes there are two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It then lists and describes the major organelles found in plant cells, such as the cell wall, chloroplast, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, vacuole, lysosomes, Golgi complex and ribosomes. A similar list is then provided for the organelles commonly found in animal cells.
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The biology class agenda covers reviewing organelles, defining key terms like vacuole and cell wall, and comparing plant and animal cells. The teacher will define organelles found in both like vacuoles and only in plants like chloroplasts and cell walls. A warm-up questions students to define organelle and identify ER and Golgi differences. The review has students make cell part analogies. Plant cells are outlined as having cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles while animal cells contain centrioles.
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A cell is the fundamental unit of life that can carry out all functions necessary for living independently. Cells come in various shapes and sizes, from microscopic to large like an ostrich egg. A cell is enclosed by a plasma membrane and contains a cytoplasm with many cell organelles. Key organelles include the nucleus that houses DNA, mitochondria that power the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum for transport, Golgi complex for packaging, lysosomes for digestion, plastids like chloroplasts for photosynthesis in plants, and vacuoles for storage. Cells are classified as prokaryotic without a nucleus or eukaryotic with a membrane-bound nucleus.
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The document provides information about cells including:
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The document discusses the fundamental unit of life - the cell. It describes the nucleus, which contains nucleolus and chromatin. Organisms are classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic based on their nuclear organization. The cytoplasm contains organelles that perform specific functions for the cell, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, plastids, and vacuoles. The nucleolus controls metabolic activities and inheritance, while chromatin condenses into chromosomes during cell division. Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles and have a single chromosome, while eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes and organelles.
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The document discusses the key components and structures of plant and animal cells. It begins by explaining how Robert Hooke first observed cells in cork in 1665 under a microscope. It then describes the basic components of cells, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. The functions of these various organelles are outlined. The document concludes with an overview comparing the main differences between typical plant and animal cells.
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Cell structure & functions for class 9 by Susanta Kumar Panda
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Cells
The document summarizes the structure and function of eukaryotic cell organelles including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, ribosomes, plasma membrane, vesicles, lysosomes, centrosome, chloroplasts, and cell wall. It also describes differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and types of epithelial and plant tissues.
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1) Cell is the basic unit of all living organisms and is composed of organelles that allow it to carry out essential life functions.
2) Early scientists like Hooke, Van Leeuwenhoek, Brown, and Purkinje made important discoveries about cells that helped establish the Cell Theory.
3) Cells come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic - with the main difference being that eukaryotic cells have their nuclear material enclosed within a nuclear membrane.
Science project work ( i term )
The document summarizes key differences and similarities between plant and animal cells. It describes the main components of plant cells, including a cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and plastids. It also outlines the main parts of animal cells, such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, and lysosomes. Both cell types share some similar structures like the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus.
Cell organelles
Cell organelles are small structures within cells that perform specific functions. The main organelles include the nucleus, which contains DNA and controls the cell; mitochondria, which generate energy; and the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and cytoskeleton, each of which has a specialized function in the cell. Organelles are surrounded by membranes that allow transport of materials in and out and provide structure and protection to the organelle.
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Presentation fundamental unit_of_life_class10 _biology
- 1. Fundamental Unit of Life
- 2. Cell Cell is the fundamental unit of life All the living organisms are made up of cell It is the structural and functional unit of life because whole body is made up of cells It is known as the fundamental unit of life because it regulates all the functions inside an organisms The cell is a Latin word for “a little room”. Robert Hook (1665) discovered Cell.
- 3. Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms Unicellular organisms: composed of single cell Single cell constitute the structure and entire function of the organisms e.g. Amoeba, Paramoecium, Euglena
- 4. Multicellular organism: composed of many cells division of labour can be seen in these organisms e.g. plants , animals, human beings
- 5. Cell Structure Cells are made up of components called cell organelles A cell is capable to live and perform all their respective functions due to the presence of cell organelles The structure seen in almost every cell is same: Plasma membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm.
- 6. Cell Wall found in plant cells outside the plasma membrane rigid covering made up of cellulose provide structural support to the plants
- 7. Plasma membrane and its function It is the outermost covering of the cell. It is called as selective permeable membrane (because it prevents movement of some materials). It helps in diffusion and osmosis Composed of bilayer of lipid and protein
- 8. Cytoplasm thick solution composed of water, salts and proteins that fills the cell surrounded by cell membrane, Nucleus of the cell is surrounded by the cytoplasm
- 9. Nucleus small, round and membrane bound structure near center of a cell Fluid inside the nucleus in called nucleoplasm Covered by double layer called nuclear membrane plays a central role in cellular activities/reproduction. nucleus contains thread like structure called chromatin material which gets condensed into chromosomes. The chromosomes contain information for inheritance of features from parents to next generations in the form of DNA( Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid ) and protein molecules. the functional segments of DNA are called genes
- 10. Golgi Apparatus First described by a scientist Camillo Golgi It is a system of membrane bound vesicles called cisterns It functions include the storage, modification and package of cell products The complex sugars are made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus It is also involved in the formation of lysosomes.
- 11. Lysosomes Sac like structure in a cell surrounded by membrane contain powerful digestive enzymes(enzymes are made by RER) to digest the worn-out cell organelles, bacteria etc. When the cell gets damaged, lysosomes may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell, hence called as “Suicidal bags of a cell”. It is a waste disposal system of the cell.
- 12. Mitochondria It is covered by a double membrane Outer membrane is very porous and the inner membrane is deeply folded creating a large surface area for ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) molecule synthesis. ATP is the energy currency of a cell; hence the Mitochondria are called as Power House of a Cell Mitochondria have their own DNA and Ribosomes; therefore they can make their own proteins