Water is essential for life and makes up 70% of the human body. It is involved in many biological processes like digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation. Water can harbor various microbes like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa that cause diseases. Common waterborne diseases are typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, and diarrhea. Water is purified through various treatment methods to remove microbes. A significant percentage of foods also contain water, ranging from 100% in water to less than 1% in dry foods like nuts and cookies.

1. WATER

2. Contents
Introduction
History
Importance of water in human body
Major diseases
Purification/ Treatment
Microbes in water
Protozoa
Bacteria
Virus
Types of drinking water (Distilled water)
Water used in our food
What percentage of food is water?
Facts about water!

3. Introduction
• Inorganic, transparent, odorless chemical compound.
• Our body is made up of 70% of water.
• Microbial growth is inhibited when water activity is lowered.
• Most important chemical in foods and drinks.
• It influences the appearance texture and flavor of foods.
• It is involved in most of the changes that take place when food is
cooked.
• Food spoilage is also related to the presence of water in food.

4. History
• The word "water" comes from the
Old English word wæter or
• Proto-Germanic watar or German
Wasser.
• The chemical formula of a
molecule of water is H2O: two atoms
hydrogen (H2) linked to one atom
oxygen (O).
• Henry Cavendish discovered water
in 1784.
• In 1811 the Italian physician
Amedeo Avogadro found the formula
for water.
• About 7000 years ago, Jericho
stored water in wells that were used
as sources.
• Around 3000 B.C., the city of
Mohenjo-Daro (Pakistan) used a
very extensive water supply.

5. Importance of water in Human body
• Flushes bacteria.
• Carries nutrients.
• Aids in digestion.
• Regulates body temperature.
• Removes toxins and other wastes.
• Gives oxygen to cells.
• Maintains blood circulation.
• Helps remove fat.
• Works as muscle fuel.

6. Major
Diseases
Typhoid
Cholera
Diarrhea
Polio
Hepatitis
Gastrointeritis

7. Purification of Water

8. Microbes in Water
Bacteria Virus Protozoa
Shigella Norwalk virus Toxoplasma gondii
Escherichia coli Rota virus Entamoeba histolytica
Vibrio cholera Adenovirus Cyclospora cayetanensis
Salmonella Astrovirus Isospora belli
Pseudomonas Hepatitis A virus Naegleria spp.
Legionella Hepatitis E virus Sarcocystis spp.
Enterobacter Norovirus Acanthamoeba spp.
Campylobacter Poliovirus Balantidium coli
Mycobacterium Calicivirus Blastocystis hominis
Enterococcus Enterovirus
Aqua bacterium Coxsackievirus
Flavobacterium
Yersinia
Acinetobacter
Aeromonas

9. Entamoeba histolytica
• An anaerobic parasite.
• Survive for several months in
water with temperature of 0 °C.
• Causes Amebiasis.
• Metronidazole is used for
treatment.
• Resides in the large intestine.
• Number of patients worldwide
55000.

10. Naegleria fowleri
• Also known as a "brain-eating
amoeba“.
• A rare and almost always fatal brain
infection.
• Infection is caused by an amoeba.
• Found in warm, freshwater lakes,
rivers and hot springs.
• Enters the body through the nose.
• Amphotericin B used for treatment.

11. Escherichia coli
• Are gram negative, rod
shape bacteria.
• Found in water sources.
• Causes infection in
gastrointestinal, skin, eye
and respiratory.
• Removed by reverse
osmosis.

12. Salmonella
• Gram negative, rod shaped.
• Found in water sources.
• Causes diarrhea, fever, and
stomach cramps.
• Drink plenty of fluids to get rid
of it.

13. Rota virus
• Icosahedral in shape.
• Found in water sources.
• Spreads from fecal-oral contact.
• To inactivate boil water for three
minutes.
• Causes severe diarrhea.

14. Polio Virus
• a single-stranded RNA
genome.
• shape of an icosahedral
capsid (spherical).
• spread through drinking
water contaminated with the
stools of an infected person.
• Causes disabling.

15. Types of Drinking Water
Mineral water Sparkling water Tap water Spring water

16. Distilled
Water

17. How much water is in our food?
water intake
bread soda potato chips tea coffee wine beer
1056 gallons
872 gallons
12 gallons

18. What percentage of Food is water?
Percentage Food Item
100% Water
90–99% Fat-free milk
80–89% Fruit juice, yogurt, apples, grapes, oranges, carrots,
broccoli (cooked), pears, pineapple
70–79% Bananas, avocados, cottage cheese, ricotta cheese,
potato (baked), corn (cooked), shrimp
60–69% Pasta, legumes, salmon, ice cream, chicken breast
50–59% Ground beef, hot dogs, feta cheese, tenderloin steak
(cooked)
40–49% Pizza
30–39% Cheddar cheese, bagels, bread
20–29% Pepperoni sausage, cake, biscuits
10–19% Butter, margarine, raisins
1–9% Walnuts, peanuts (dry roasted), chocolate chip
cookies, crackers, cereals, pretzels, taco shells, peanut
butter
0% Oils, sugars

19. Facts about
Water
We should
drink at least
eight glass of
water a day.
Stomach
purifies when
water is taken
before food.
Boosts
health.
Provides
healthy skin.
A person can
only live
about a week
without
water.