Water quality is one of the most important factors in a healthy ecosystem. Clean water supports a diversity of plants and animals.
The quality of the water you consume or use in municipal or industrial processes must meet specific parameters to ensure that drinking water remains free from contaminants that could cause health issues.
Water quality measurements include physical, chemical, and biological parameters.
This presentation is made for S.Y.Bsc. Students.
The presentation includes Drinking water microbiology. The presentation includes information about coliform, indicator organisms as well as purification methods of drinking water.
Are salt water pools a real breakthrough in pool water sanitation or just a fad? There are definitely advantages to saltwater pools, but there are also drawbacks and dangers to consider. Get the facts... learn the problems as well as the benefits and then you can judge for yourself whether the salt-water pool craze is a clever marketing fad or a real breakthrough in pool equipment technology.
disinfection, method of disinfection, form in which chlorine can be applied, requirement of good disinfectant , chlorine chemistry, effect of ph , temperature , contact time in chlorination, germicidal efficiency of chlorine, by products during chlorination.
STERILIZATION OF WATER USING BLEACHING POWDER PPTX..pptxDivyamMittal11
hey everyone ! here is new pptx of "sterilization of water using bleaching powder". CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICITY This is to certify that Anshul Kumar Pandey, a student of class XII has successfully completed the research project on the topic "Sterilization of Water by using Bleaching Powder" under the guidance of Mrs. Mohini Belani (Subject Teacher). This project is absolutely genuine and does not indulge in plagiarism of any kind. The references taken in making this project have been declared at the end of this report. Signature ( Subject Teacher) Signature ( Examiner) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I feel proud to present my Investigatory project in Chemistry on the topic "Sterilization of Water using Bleaching powder" which aims at using Bleaching powder as a disinfectant and purifier to make water fit for drinking. This project wouldn't have been feasible without the proper and rigorous guidance of my Chemistry teacher Mrs. Mohini Belani who guided me throughout this project in every possible way. An investigatory project involves various difficult lab experiments which have to be carried out by the student to obtain the observations and conclude the report on a meaningful note. These experiments are very critical and in the case of failure, may result in disastrous consequences. Thereby, I would like to thank both Mrs.Belani and Lab Asst.Mr.Rajkumar for guiding me on a step by step basis and ensuring that I completed all my experiments with ease. Rigorous hard work has been put in this project to ensure that it proves to be the best. I hope that this project will prove to be a breeding ground for the next generation of students and will guide them in every possible way. Need of water Water is an important and essential ingredient in our quest for survival on this planet. It is very essential for carrying out various metabolic processes in our body and also to carry out Hemoglobin throughout the body. A daily average of 1 gallon per man is sufficient for drinking and cooking purposes. A horse, bullock, or mule drinks about 11 gallons at a time. standing up, an average allowance of 5 gallons should be given for a man, and 10 gallons for a horse or a camel. An elephant drinks 25 gallons, each mule or ox drinks 6 to 8 gallons, each sheep or pig 6 to 8 pints. These are minimum quantities. One cubic foot of water = 6 gallons (a gallon = 10 lbs.). In order to fulfill such a huge demand of water, it needs to be purified and supplied in a orderly and systematic way. But with the increasing world population, the demand for drinking water has also increased dramatically and therefore it is very essential to identify resources of water from which we can use water for drinking purposes. Many available resources of water do not have it in drinkable form. Either the water contains excess of Calcium or Magnesium salts or any other organic impurity or it simply contains foreign paruen
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
More Related Content
Similar to The importance of waterhygiene in pools for aquatic therapy
Water quality is one of the most important factors in a healthy ecosystem. Clean water supports a diversity of plants and animals.
The quality of the water you consume or use in municipal or industrial processes must meet specific parameters to ensure that drinking water remains free from contaminants that could cause health issues.
Water quality measurements include physical, chemical, and biological parameters.
This presentation is made for S.Y.Bsc. Students.
The presentation includes Drinking water microbiology. The presentation includes information about coliform, indicator organisms as well as purification methods of drinking water.
Are salt water pools a real breakthrough in pool water sanitation or just a fad? There are definitely advantages to saltwater pools, but there are also drawbacks and dangers to consider. Get the facts... learn the problems as well as the benefits and then you can judge for yourself whether the salt-water pool craze is a clever marketing fad or a real breakthrough in pool equipment technology.
disinfection, method of disinfection, form in which chlorine can be applied, requirement of good disinfectant , chlorine chemistry, effect of ph , temperature , contact time in chlorination, germicidal efficiency of chlorine, by products during chlorination.
STERILIZATION OF WATER USING BLEACHING POWDER PPTX..pptxDivyamMittal11
hey everyone ! here is new pptx of "sterilization of water using bleaching powder". CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICITY This is to certify that Anshul Kumar Pandey, a student of class XII has successfully completed the research project on the topic "Sterilization of Water by using Bleaching Powder" under the guidance of Mrs. Mohini Belani (Subject Teacher). This project is absolutely genuine and does not indulge in plagiarism of any kind. The references taken in making this project have been declared at the end of this report. Signature ( Subject Teacher) Signature ( Examiner) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I feel proud to present my Investigatory project in Chemistry on the topic "Sterilization of Water using Bleaching powder" which aims at using Bleaching powder as a disinfectant and purifier to make water fit for drinking. This project wouldn't have been feasible without the proper and rigorous guidance of my Chemistry teacher Mrs. Mohini Belani who guided me throughout this project in every possible way. An investigatory project involves various difficult lab experiments which have to be carried out by the student to obtain the observations and conclude the report on a meaningful note. These experiments are very critical and in the case of failure, may result in disastrous consequences. Thereby, I would like to thank both Mrs.Belani and Lab Asst.Mr.Rajkumar for guiding me on a step by step basis and ensuring that I completed all my experiments with ease. Rigorous hard work has been put in this project to ensure that it proves to be the best. I hope that this project will prove to be a breeding ground for the next generation of students and will guide them in every possible way. Need of water Water is an important and essential ingredient in our quest for survival on this planet. It is very essential for carrying out various metabolic processes in our body and also to carry out Hemoglobin throughout the body. A daily average of 1 gallon per man is sufficient for drinking and cooking purposes. A horse, bullock, or mule drinks about 11 gallons at a time. standing up, an average allowance of 5 gallons should be given for a man, and 10 gallons for a horse or a camel. An elephant drinks 25 gallons, each mule or ox drinks 6 to 8 gallons, each sheep or pig 6 to 8 pints. These are minimum quantities. One cubic foot of water = 6 gallons (a gallon = 10 lbs.). In order to fulfill such a huge demand of water, it needs to be purified and supplied in a orderly and systematic way. But with the increasing world population, the demand for drinking water has also increased dramatically and therefore it is very essential to identify resources of water from which we can use water for drinking purposes. Many available resources of water do not have it in drinkable form. Either the water contains excess of Calcium or Magnesium salts or any other organic impurity or it simply contains foreign paruen
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
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Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
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CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
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Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
2. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
Water Hygiene
A swimming pool can quickly become
very infectious, because:
• Presence of bacterial food (skin flakes,
fatty oils and hairs from users,
urine and sweat)
• Water temperature around 20 to 35 degrees C
is an excellent environment for bacteria to procreate
• Many bacteria thrive in an aqueous environment
3. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
Common infectious swimming pool bacteria
and viruses
• Shigellosis – causes bacillary dysentery
• E. coli – causes severe diarrhea
• Leptospirosis – causes Weil disease, Canicola fever,
Hemorrhagic jaundice, Mud fever or Swineherd disease
• Giardiasis – causes asympthomatic diarrhea
• Cryptosporidiosis – causes parasitic infection
• Hepatitis A – causes serious liver disease
• Norwalk virus – causes Norwalk agent disease
• Influenza virus – causes the flu
• Rhino virus – causes the common cold
• And many, many more
5. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
• In public pools, visitors are presumed to be healthy individuals, with only
average susceptibility to infections and disease
• In Healthcare pools, visitors are possibly very susceptible to infections
due to:
• Recent surgery
• Poor physical condition
• Furthermore, they might even be carrier of multi-resistant bacteria
because of recent hospitalisation
Public pool versus Healthcare pool
6. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
Water Hygiene Conclusion
• Water hygiene is important in
public pools, but extremely
important in Hospital pools, used
i.e. in Aquatic Rehabilitation.
• Not only from a practical point of
view, but also the liability of the
Hospital should be taken into
consideration when organising
Water Hygiene in Hospital Pools
7. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
Water Hygiene Basics
• Any pool should have a Water Treatment Plant,
consisting out of at least these elements:
• A Pump (to circulate the water)
• A (sand) filter (to filter particles out of the water)
• A water heater (to maintain the right temperature)
• A dosing system for chemicals (to kill any active bacteria
or viruses)
8. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
How Bacteria and Viruses are killed
• The only safe agent to kill aqueous Bacteria and
Viruses according to current technology is
Chlorine.
• There are other solutions on the market, like
Ozone and UV, but these are not suitable on
their own. Chlorine must still be added to the
water.
9. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
Why other solutions don’t work
• Think of a pool as a giant Petri Dish,
with Bacteria thriving:
• We suck out a small amount of water, filter out solids, heat it and kill the
bacteria. Then we pump the water back into the petri dish. Nothing has
been done to stop the bacteria in the Petri dish from procreating!
• Therefore, we need to add an antibiotic agent to the water, that at least
suppresses bacterial growth in the Petri Dish! Chlorine has the right
properties to do this job.
10. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
Chlorine actively kills the Bacteria in the
pool
• Now, by adding a small amount of chlorine to the pool, also the
bacteria that are present in the pool are killed, or at least
suppressed.
Filter,
Heat,
Kill Bacteria
& Add chlorine
11. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
But what’s that smell?
Why do my eyes hurt?
• It’s Chloramines! These occur when the chlorine binds to the
contaminants in the water like Bacteria, Viruses, but also skin
flakes, fatty acids from the skin, and ammonia.
• When there is a strong smell of Chloramines,
the water has not been maintained well enough.
The chlorine finds a large number of
contaminants to bind to, and the
Chloramines become airborne.
• In a healthy swimming pool,
there is hardly any smell at all!
12. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
Free chlorine vs Bound chlorine
• Free chlorine is a molecule that is ready to bind to
contaminants in the water.
• The amount of free chlorine is a measure of the capacity
of the water to disinfect itself when it is contaminated.
• Bound chlorine (Chloramine) is a molecule that has
“caught” a contaminant, like e.g. ammonia. It becomes
airborne, hence the smell.
• The amount of bound chlorine is a measure of
contamination of the water. High levels of bound chlorine
point to the water becoming “biologically active”.
13. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
Biologically active water
• When the pool has become biologically active:
• Free chlorine that is added is immediately turned into chloramines, and therefore
• Hardly any free chlorine can be found in the water anymore so
• The bacteria have won the battle!
• Now the pool has become very unsafe.
• Solutions:
• Replace the water partially or even entirely
• “Shock”-treat the water with large amounts of chlorine. During shock
treatment, do not use the pool, as massive amounts of Chloramines will become
airborne.
14. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
Safe levels to maintain
• Free chlorine level
• Higher than 0,5 mg/l
• Lower than 1,5 mg/l
• Bound chlorine level
• Lower than 1 mg/l
• If higher than 2 mg/l the water
has possibly become
biologically active!
• Maintain pH between 6,8 and
7,8
15. WWW.EWACMEDICAL.COM
Conclusion
• Bacteria and viruses causing serious illnesses can thrive in pools
• This is risky, especially when working with susceptible patients
• To keep them at bay, chlorine is used as a antibiotic
• Whatever other method is used to disinfect, chlorine must always be
added.
• A smelly pool means contaminated water
• If chlorine has been added to the pool, but free chlorine cannot be measured,
there is a real risk the water has become unhealthy
