Algal blooms cynobacteria algae

1. HARMFUL ALGAL
BLOOMS
Salina abdulmajid
manek ,
3rd profession student
of BAMS.

2. What are harmful algal blooms
(HABs)??
• Cyanibacteria ( blue green algae)
• A “blooms" occurs when conditions are
conducive for a rapid increase in
cyanobacteria.
• There are many different genera and species
of cyanobacteria, and not all produce toxin.
• AHAB is a bloom causes by cyanobacteria that
are capable of producing toxin.
• “HAB are overgrowth of algae in water"

3. Common characteristics of a “bloom"
include:-
• Extremely high algal cell density ( greater tha
20,000 to 100,000 cell/ml
• Dominated by a single or a few algal species
• Visible accumulation of algae

4. Adverse impacts
• Toxin production:
• Dermal toxin neurotoxins , and hepatotoxins in ohlo in 2010 there
and 5 dog deaths.
• Taste and odor problem: methyllsobarneol (MIB), GEOSMIN
• INCREAD ORGANUC CARBON LOAD: concern for water treatment
and TTHMS
• DISSOKVED OXYGEN DIPS: can result in fish kills
• Nuisamce: visual and olfactory effect can be significant
• COSTS RO COMMUNITIES: economic impact from loss of
recreation based tourism >$100,000/ month for extra carbon
treatment at PWSs. Loss 9f recreation revenue. Added drinking
water treatment cost. Fishery and aquaculture contamination (
Bans of exported food production)

5. What causes harmful algal blooms?

6. Cyanotoxins MONITORING
• Cyanotoxins are not regulated contaminants
• Water systems are not required to monitor for
them
Threshold
(ug/L)
Microcystin Anatoxin-a cylindrosper
mopsin
sazitonis
Do not drink all
consumer 1-20 20-300 1-20 0.2-3
Do not use all
consumer >20 >300 >20 73
Recreation 6 80 5 8

7. Sample for cyanotoxins based on:
• Blooms severity ,proximity to intake,
treatment capabilities, and other
considerations history of toxin, human illness,
screening data , microcystin test kit results,
etc.
• Some water systems voluntarily monitor.

8. Types
1. BLOOMS OF MASS – PRODUCTION SPECIES
• The blooms production basically water discoloration
• High biomass can cause fish gill to clog, leading to
suffocation.
• Exceedingly high biomass blooms can also lead to the
development of “dead zones"
2. BLOOMS OF TOXIM PRODUCTION SPECIES
• The blooms produce potent toxin which acculumated
in food chaning
• The toxin cause a varity of gastrointenstinal and
aquatic animals.

9. -Examples of human syndromes
caused by ingestion or exposure to
algal toxins.
• Cyanotoxins poisoning
• Amnesiac shellfish poisoning (ASP)
• Paroilutic shellfish poisoning (PSP)
• Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning ( NSP)
• Diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP)

10. Cyanotoxin poisoning
• TOXIN: microcustins from
cyanobacteria microcystin
spp.
• SYMPTOMS: SKIN
IRRITATION, REDPIRATORY
IRRITATION, TUMORS
PROMPTION, liver cancer,
neurological diseases such
as Parkinson’s and
dementia.

11. Amnesiac shellfish poisoning (ASP)
TOXIN: domoic acid from some
diatoms such as pseudo- nitschke
sp. And nitzchia navis – varingics
that accumulate in plankton feeder
such as shellfish x sardines and
anchovies.
SYMPTOMS: nausea , vomiting,
diarrhea, dizziness, confusion,
shortness memory loss, and motor
weakness, severe cases result in
seizures, respiratory distress
come, and possibly death

12. PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING
TOXIN : saxitoxin ( and structurally related
toxin , eg: neosaxitoxin danyautoxins and
decarbam oylsacitoxin)
ORIGIN: Some dinoflagellates (alexandrum
sp. , Gymnodinium sp. , Pyrodium sp. ) and
some fresh water cynobacteria. (eg:
Anabacema sp. , Cylindrospermopsis sp.)
that accumulated in bivalve shellfish.
SYMTOMS: Numbness around lips, mounth
face, and neck nausea and vomiting. Severe
case result in paralysis of the mascle of the
chest and abdimen possibly leading to death.

13. WHAT CAN BE DONE?
• PREVENTION: Keep blooms from starting.
• CONTROL: Stop or reduce blooms that have
started.
• Physical (ultrasonic, mixing)
• Chemical (Algicides, Copper sulphate)
• Biological (Toxin –degrading bacteria)
• MITIGATION : MINIMIZE IMPACT
• Better monitorng and forcastig
• Easy warning

14. THANK
YOU