This document defines computer-based instruction (CBI) as an interactive instructional approach where the computer takes the place of an instructor by providing stimuli and feedback to students. CBI uses methods like tutorials, drills, games, and simulations. It has advantages like allowing self-paced learning, providing interesting and individualized feedback. However, barriers to its implementation in schools include lack of funding, training, time, access at home, and supportive policies. While some teachers have innovated with technology, others avoid it, and professional development is needed to address both how and why to integrate information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching and learning.

2. 1. UMAR RADZI B BAHARI (811691)
2. LIM SEE YONG (811778)
3. NURAINA BINTI IBRAHIM (811564)
4. ROSELIZAH BT HJ CHE MAT (811606)

3. Definition of Computer Based
Instruction
It is a kind of educational technologies inspired by various
behavioris theories.
Synonymous terms: Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI),
Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI), Computer-Based
Learning (CBL).
CBI is an interactive instructional approach in which the
computer, taking the place of an instructor, provides a series of
stimuli to the student ranging from questions to be answered
to choices or decisions to be made. The CBI then provides
feedback based on the student's response.

4. Using the computer for training and instruction, CBI
programs are called "courseware" and provide
interactive training sessions for all disciplines. Using
graphics extensively, CBI was originally introduced
on Main Frames, then Laser Discs, then CD-ROMs
and, later, online. CBT courseware is typically
developed with authoring languages that are
designed to create interactive question/answer
sessions.

5. Simulation
Drill-and- practice
Educational
games
Tutorial
Problem
solving
Application
Pedagogic
Strategy
using CBI

6. Advantages of Using Computer
Base Intruction
• Ability to learn at our own pace.
• More interesting
• It can also give more direct and individualized
feedback,
• Learners have the option to select the material
that meet their level of knowledge and interest
• Can study wherever the access to computer
and internet

7. Advantages of Using Computer
Base Learning
• Ability to learn at our own pace.
• More interesting
• It can also give more direct and individualized
feedback,
• Learners have the option to select the material
that meet their level of knowledge and interest
• Can study wherever the access to computer and
internet

8. Barrier for ICT
Implementation
in School
Some of the barriers for teachers, students
and government:
a.Finance problems - in terms of maintaining existing
equipment and keeping up with fast pace of technological
change.
b. Poor training opportunities - lack of support and lack of
time as significant impacts on teachers’ willingness to
integrate ICT

9. c. Time and teacher workload - ICT require a large
investment of time to assimilate knowledge
and how it can be applied to teaching and
learning.
d. ICT in the Home - Not many parents have
computers in home, therefore the student have
no access for homework/assignment and they
are unlikely to complete homework/assignment
through the traditional medium of pen and
paper.

10. e. Government - Lack of good ICT policy in the
country.
f. Teachers’ belief - Reluctance of teachers to
embrace new technologies and concerned that
students could be easily distracted by technology

11. Overall Conclusion
This study indicates that the adoption and integration
of ICT by any subjects teachers is as similarly
diverse as that by teachers more broadly.
While some teachers have led the way with
innovative and exciting applications of technology,
others continue to avoid it .

12. This study reinforces the findings of other studies
that suggest professional development .
is not simply about 'attending courses' or 'receiving
training', but that it is much more complex and
proactive, and requires a clear emphasis on
addressing not just 'how' to do it, but on 'why' it
should be done (Higgins & Mosley, 2001).

13. In fact, most educators are not ICT-resistant,
but the system in which they work under
undoubtedly is. Technology (information or any
other) brings little benefit unless it is skillfully
and thoughtfully conducted and managed by
teachers to enhance students’ capacity to learn.
Never before has the mission of school
teachers been so heavily loaded as today.

14. ICT tools will transform our capability to
embrace an educational paradigm that deals
with learning as a vital, fulfilling, and continuing
part of life at home and in the workplace as well
as within educational institutions. There needs
to be a balance between using technology and
traditional methods of teaching and learning.