This document provides an overview of the anatomical structures of the anterior abdominal wall including landmarks, planes, quadrants, muscles, fascial layers, the inguinal canal, femoral canal, and relevant laparoscopic anatomy. Key structures discussed include the external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transversus abdominis muscle, rectus abdominis muscle, rectus sheath, inguinal canal, femoral canal, spaces of Bogros and Retzius, and triangles/circles that are important for laparoscopy.

1. D R M A RYA M A L A M K H A N
M B B S , F C P S
S U R G I C A L E WA R D
K H Y B E R T E A C H I N G H O S P I TA L
SURGICAL-ANATOMY
OF ANTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL

2. • Anatomical landmarks
• Anatomical planes
• Quadrants and regions
• Dermatomes
• Muscles and rectus sheath
• Layers of abdominal wall
• Inguinal canal
• Femoral canal
• Laparoscopic anatomy

3. LANDMARKS
1. Xiphoid process.
2. Costal margin.
3. Tip of the ninth costal
cartilage.
4. Tendinous intersections.
5. Umbilicus.
6. Iliac crest.
7. Anterior superior iliac
spine.
8. Linea semilunaris.
9. Linea alba.
10. Inguinal ligament.
11. Pubic tubercule.
12. Pubic crest.
13. Pubic symphysis.

4. THE ANATOMICAL PLANES
HORIZONTAL PLANES
XIPHISTERNAL
PLANE=T9
SUBCOSTAL
PLANE=L3
SUPRACRISTAL
PLANE= L4
TRANSTUBERCULAR
PLANE=L5
INTERSPINOUS
PLANE
VERTICAL PLANES
Midline
Two Paramedian Planes
(Mid Clavicular Line/ Mammary Line)

5. THE QUADRANTS AND REGIONS

6. DERMATOMES

7. VENOUS AND NERVE SUPPLY

8. LYMPHATIC SUPPY

9. FASCIAL LAYERS

11. LAYERS OF ABDOMINAL WALL

13. THE EXTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE

14. THE INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE

15. THE TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

16. THE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE

18. THE RECTUS SHEATH

21. THE INGUINAL CANAL

22. THE INGUINAL LIGAMENT

23. THE SPERMATIC CORD
Three fasciae:
External spermatic (from external
oblique fascia)
Cremasteric (from internal oblique
muscle and fascia)
Internal spermatic (from transversalis
fascia)
Three arteries:
Testicular artery
Cremasteric artery
Deferential artery
Three veins:
Pampiniform plexus and testicular vein
Cremasteric vein
Deferential vein
Three nerves:
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Sympathetic nerves (testicular plexus)
Lymphatics

24. HASSELBACH’S TRIANGLE

25. THE NERVES OF INGUINAL REGION

26. THE FEMORAL CANAL

27. THE FEMORAL HERNIA

28. THE ABBERANT OBTURATOR ARTEY

29. THE ABDOMINAL WALL FROM INSIDE

30. SPACE OF BOGROS AND RETRO-PUBIC
SPACE OF RETZIUS

31. LAPAROSCOPIC ANATOMY

32. LAPAROSCOPIC ANATOMY

33. LAPAROSCOPIC ANATOMY

34. THE TRIANGLE OF DOOM

35. THE TRIANGLE OF PAIN

36. THE CIRCLE OF DEATH