This document discusses bacteria and the human immune system response. It begins with an introduction comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. It then discusses typhoid fever caused by Salmonella bacteria, noting how the immune system fights the infection through neutrophils and monocytes but some bacteria can still evade these responses. Next, it examines Group A Streptococcus and the toxins it produces that inhibit host cell protein synthesis. It is noted that increasing asparagine production is a host defense mechanism but also increases bacterial virulence, and that asparaginase may be a potential new treatment. Finally, it stresses the importance of continued research on bacterial virulence

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BACTERIAS
INFECTION AND
IMMUNE
SYSTEM
RESPONSE
DIANA AGUDELO JARAMILLO
MEDICINE STUDENT

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FOLDING

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FOLDING

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INTRODUCTION
CELLS
Eukaryotic
Nuclear membrane
and cytoplasm
organelles.
Prokaryotes
Human cells
Doesn’t have a nuclear
membrane and the
genetic material is
dispersed in the
cytoplasm
Pathogenic bacteria to
the body.
Bacteria
No pathogenic
Bacteria on the body.

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TYPHOID FEVER: A RACE AGAINST TIME
Constantly the body is
trying to protect himself
of
the
pathogenic
microorganism that can
affect significantly.

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 Neutrophils
and monocytes
enclose the bacteria to form
abscess. But some of them can
escape and continue infecting
TYPHOID FEVER:
A RACE AGAINST
TIME

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TYPHOID FEVER: A RACE
AGAINST TIME

Although the immune cells
kill a lot of bacteria
Salmonella, there are others
that evade that abscess and
escape, guaranteed his
survival and his replicates in
all the body.

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Food or water
contaminates
CONSTANTLY
ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANT
Salmonella
typhoid fever
particularly
insidious
TYPHOID FEVER: A
RACE AGAINST TIME
Begins on the
intestine and
then invades
other organs

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STUDENT OBSERVATION

It is important to
further
scientific
development
in
these
areas
to
achieve
eradicate
Salmonella,
who
generate resistance
even faster than the
creation
of
new
antibiotics.

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Steps leading to necrotizing
fasciitis revealed, opening way to
possible new treatments for
bacterial infections
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) or S.
Pyogenes, is a silent bacteria that colonize
the body without produce any symptoms and
can be mortal in a lot of cases such as toxic
shock
syndrome
and
streptococcal
necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)

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STEPS LEADING TO NECROTIZING
FASCIITIS REVEALED, OPENING WAY TO
POSSIBLE NEW TREATMENTS FOR
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

BACTERI
A
STREPTOLYSINS
mRNA
CELL
Once the bacteria
enter to the cell,
liberates
two
streptolysins
that
inhibit the synthesis
of proteins in the
cytoplasm.

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STEPS LEADING TO NECROTIZING
FASCIITIS REVEALED, OPENING WAY TO
POSSIBLE NEW TREATMENTS FOR
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
 The
human cells
increases
the
production of the
amino
acid
asparagine as a
method of defence
that alters gene
expression
of
GASand increases
his virulence.
ASPARAGINE

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STEPS LEADING TO
NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
REVEALED, OPENING
WAY TO POSSIBLE NEW
TREATMENTS FOR
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Asparaginase
degrades
asparagina. Thats why they use
it to reduce the growth of GAS
in human blood and mouse
models of human infection.

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STUDENT OBSERVATION

Asparaginase has never before used to treat GAS infections.
Knowing the metabolic changes occurring between the
pathogen and its host´s infection can lead to develop a few of
effective treatment against infection diseases.

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
MEDICAL UTILITY
The doctors, food distributors,
among many other companies,
are straining to maintain the
necessary hygiene for disease
control in clients, workers or
patients.

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MEDICAL UTILITY

As health workers, we should
alert people about this kind of
diseases that are so contagious
and how they can prevent
them.

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
MEDICAL UTILITY
Someexamples can be
taking care of his own body,
washing hands with a very
good disinfectant and not
consuming food which has
expired date of caducity,
also
prevent
the
transmission, trying to cover
the mouth when sneezing,
or not share stuff that can
have contact with fluids or
blood of our body.

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
MEDICAL UTILITY
With the development of the studies about the virulence of
those bacterias and how can they affect us, we can investigate
more about a lot treatments that can helps to control the early
effects that cause a lot of damage even if we don't feel any
symptom, reducing the annual number of deaths.

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REFERENCES
1.
1. MARTÍNEZ SANCHEZ, LinaMaría; et alt. Biología molecular. 7th ed.
Medellín, Col: Universidad PontificiaBolivariana; 2012.
2.
BROOKS, GF; CARROLL, KAREN; BUTEL, JANET; MORSE,
STEPHEN; MIETZNER, TIMOTHY. Jawetz, Melnick y Adelberg,
MicrobiologíaMédica. (2010). 25 Edición. Mc Graw Hill. Mexico, DF.
PP: 145,147,159,160.
3.
niversität Basel (2014, January 16). Typhoid fever: A race against
time. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 25, 2014, from
http://www.sciencedaily.com-/releases/2014/01/140116085053.htm.
4.
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. (2014, January 20). "Steps
leading to necrotizing fasciitis revealed, opening way to possible new
treatments for bacterial infections." Medical News Today. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/271385

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“As we look higher, we get higher”