1. The document provides an overview of the catalytic reforming process, including feed preparation, the platform process, process variables, and chemistry involved. 2. It discusses catalyst deactivation factors like poisoning, fouling, and thermal degradation. Methods for catalyst regeneration like coke removal through pyrolysis and combustion are also presented. 3. Troubleshooting tips are given for various process issues like low naphthenic feedstock, sulfur contamination, high chlorides, and excess water contamination. The document outlines steps to identify the root cause and remedy such problems.

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Made by :-
Salah_Eldin Mohammed Ibrahim 12012083
Abd_Elrahman Khalid Ramadan Mohammed 12012057
Ahmed Essam El_sayed El_sayed 12012106
Moutaz Bellah Anwar Ibrahim 12012226
Mohammed Essam Gamil Hassan 12012202
Mohammed Mousa Abd-Elmaboad Ali 22013122
Ahmed Salah Ahmed El_Sayed 12012102
Hadeer Ashraf Fahmy 12012062
Supervisor:-
Dr. Eng. Prof/ Mohammed saad

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Agenda
*Introduction To Refining process
*Overview of refining of petroleum
*Conversion processes
*Types of reforming processes
*feed perparation
*Platform process
*process variables
*chemistry of catalytic reforming
*Catalyst deactivation and generation
*Troubleshooting of catalytic reforming

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5. *Introduction To Refining process
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• History of Refining Crude Oil.
• Timeline – Global Petroleum Industry.
• Summary of the history of refining
processing.
• The top countries in oil producing.

7. Overview of refining of petroleum
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9. Conversion process
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*Re-arrangement processes
A-reforming
B-Isomerization
A-reforming

11. Types of reforming processes
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Catalytic reforming unit

13. Aim of catalytic reforming
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14. * Typical naphtha feed stock :
* Typical heavy naphtha feed stock :
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15. Naphtha hydrotreating
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17. * Naphtha hydrotreating :
It is the first step in catalytic reforming used to prepare
clean feed stock to protect
Catalyst used in naphtha reforming .
* Purpose of naphtha hydrotreating process
Is to remove various catalyst poison such as :
Sulphur , nitrogen , oxygen , halogen , etc ….
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18. Platform process
1-process description
2-feed and product
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process variables

20. 1- Reactor Pressure :
2 - Reactor Temperature :
3 - Space Velocity :
4 - Hydrogen (H2) /Hydrocarbon Molar (HC) Ratio
5 - Charge/ feed stock Properties or characteristics
6 - Catalyst Selectivity :
6 - a) Catalyst Activity and Stability
6 - b) CatalysDifferent
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21. chemistry of catalytic reforming
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22. The four major REACTIONS IN CATALYTIC REFORMING
Desirable
• Dehydrogenation of naphthenes to aromatics
• Isomerisation of paraffins and naphthenes
• Dehydrocyclisation of paraffins to aromatics
Non-Desirable
• Hydrocracking of paraffins to lower molecular
weight compounds
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23. Conditions for Different Reforming Reactions
TemperaturPressureReaction
High temperatureLow pressureDehydrogenation of
naphthenes to aromatics
IndeterminateIndeterm-inateIsomerisation of
naphthenes
High temperatureLow pressureDehydrocylistion of
paraffins to aromatics
High temperatureHigh pressureHydrocracking
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24. Catalyst deactivation and regeneration
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CATALYST DEACTIVATION/POISONING :-
Catalyst poisoning refers to the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst
caused by exposure to a range of chemical compounds.
FACTORS CAUSING DEACTIVATION :-
•High temperature exposure: automobile catalytic converter, close to 1000 C
•Poisoning: exhaust or process contaminants adsorbing onto or blocking active sites
•Attrition and erosion of the wash coat from the support.

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TYPES OF POISONING :-
1-SELECTIVE-POISONING .
2-NONSELECTIVE-POISONING.
Deactivation by Fouling :-
form of fouling Generally fouling covers all phenomena where
the surface is covered with a deposit.
Catalytic Fouling:-
Fouling is a real life issue that takes place during chemical processes. The
deposit of unwanted materials on a surface is defined as fouling, and affects
how a chemical process proceeds. Fouling adds a layer of organic, inorganic or
even living organisms to the surface which affects the properties of the catalyst
and the mechanism of the process
Chemical Deactivation – Poisoning :-
Poisoning occurs when there is a strong chemical interaction of reactants,
products, or impurities with active sites on the catalyst surface.

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Deactivation by Thermal Degradation and
Sintering
For a catalyst to be effective it must have an effective interface with the reactants,
thus heterogeneous catalysts are prepared with high surface areas
Removal ways :-
Coke Removal
General Mechanism of Coke Removal
Specifically the coke undergoes several different processes during
removal:
1- Pyrolysis 2- Combustion
3- Gasification 4- addition
The following equation describes the reversible gas phase water
gasshif Treaction:-

28. Troubleshooting of catalytic reforming
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31. * 1-charge stock less naphthenic
* 2-sulfur contamination
* 3-high chloride
* 4-high water
* None
* Eliminate source
* Do not increase reactor inlet
temperature
*Reduce chloride injection
* Reduce water injection and
eliminate source of excess water
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