Open channel Flow -Class lectures at WUB, Book references, Mission and Vision, CO and PO, definition of OCF, Aplication of Hydraulics, ,Difference between OCF and Pipe flow, Classification, Flow profile and cross sections.

1. World University of Bangladesh
Program : B.Sc. in Civil Engineering
Open channel Flow, CE801
Lectures Notes
Assoc Prof. Engr. Rabindra Ranjan Saha, Peng
BSc.in Civil Engg; MSc (Hydraulic)-UK; Phd (Fellow)-BUET
EX. Head
Department of Civil Engineering.
Book references:
(1) Ven Te Chow: Open channel Hydraulics
(2) Dawei Han: Concise Hydraulics
(3) Hubert Chanson: Hydraulics of open channel flow-
An introduction- Basic Principles-sediment motion,
hydraulic modeling-Design of hydraulic structures
(4) Glenn E. Moglen :Fundamentals of Open channel flow
(5) Roland Jepson: CRC Press - Open Channel Flow
Numerical Methods and computer application- CRC Press
WUB
1
6-05-2019

2. 2
CE 801: Open Channel Flow- 4 credits
Syllabus
Open channel flow and its classification. Velocity and
pressure distributions, Energy equation, specific energy
and transition problems.
Critical flow and control. Principles of flow measurement
and devices. Concept of uniform flow, Chezy’s and
Manning’s equations, estimation of resistance coefficients
and computation of' uniform flow. Momentum equation
and specific momentum. Hydraulic jump. Theory and
analysis of' gradually varied flow. Computation of flow
profiles. Design of channels.
Course Out line

3. 3
Program outcomes of the B.Sc. in Civil engineering
(A) Program Educational Objectives (PEO)of Civil engineering Department
PEO 1 Successfully apply their learned skills throughout their
professional pursuits.
PEO 2 Have enthusiasm and aptitude to continuous pursue
learning and professional development.
PEO 3 Have the ability to communicate and work well as individuals
or on teams that include engineers and colleagues from
other disciplines.
PEO 4 Are recognized as qualified engineers with ethical standards.
Create significant impact within their organization and
society at national and international levels.

4. 4
(B) Program Outcomes (PO) for the B.Sc. in Civil engineering
PO 1 Engineering
Knowledge
Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering.
PO 2 Problem
analysis
Identify, formulate, research and analyze complex engineering
problems and reach substantiated conclusions using the
principles of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering
sciences.
PO 3 Design /
development
of solutions
Design solutions for complex engineering problems
taking in to consideration to public health and safety and
environment.
PO4 Investigation Make investigations of complex problems, conducting
experimental design and interpret data to provide valid
conclusions.
PO 5 Modern tool
usage
Create, select and apply appropriate modern tools to
complex engineering activities with an understanding of
their limitations.
PO 6 The
engineering
and society
Apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety and cultural issues and
consequent responsibilities relevant to professional
engineering practices

5. 5
PO 7 Environment and
sustainability
Identify the impact of civil and construction
engineering towards the environment and produce
sustainable solutions to complex civil and
construction engineering problems
PO 8 Ethics Identify professional and ethical values, principles and
responsibilities with respect to civil and construction
engineering problems
PO 9 Individual work and
teamwork
Function effectively as an individual and as a member
or leader of diverse teams and in multidisciplinary
settings in managing all projects.
PO 10 Communication Communicate effectively about complex civil and
construction engineering activities with plans, reports,
documentations and presentations to all stakeholders
and the engineering community.
PO11 Project management
and finance
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of project
identification, selection, formulation, implementation,
monitoring, management and financing.
PO 12 Life-long learning Recognize the need for and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent, life-long learning in
the broadest context of technological changes.

6. 6
Table 1 : Course Profile
Course Title : Open channel flow
Course ID: CE 801
Rationale This course is intended for hydrologists, civil engineers, hydraulic engineers,
highway engineers and environmental engineers. After completing this
course, students will gain knowledge and be able to apply fundamental
concepts and techniques of hydraulics and hydrology in the analysis,
design, and operation of water resources systems.
Outcomes At the end of this course, students will have the:
1. Ability to understand Flow of water and different patterns of flow and
profile, effect of gravity, channel geometry
2. Ability to develop the open channel flow equations from the basic
conservation equations and explain the interactions among the terms of
equations.
3 .Ability to solve open channel flow problems through the selection and use
of appropriate equations, explain and apply the physical mechanisms of
hydraulic jumps, surges, and critical, uniform flow
4. Ability to analyze and determine gradually-varying flows and design of
irrigation canal and drainage channel with hydraulic structure.

7. 7
Unit Learning Outcomes Course content Teaching Learning
strategy
Assessment
strategy
1 .Define flow with types.
Differentiate between
open channel flow and
pipe flow.
2. Classify and describe
open channel flow.
Illustrate channel
geometry, examples.
Introduction. Open channel
flow, flow profile, and
channel geometry
Lectures, power point
presentation, and
feedback.
Assignment,
Examination and
Quiz.
Describe velocity
distribution system with
sketches and pressure
distribution system in a
long channel. Examples
Velocity and velocity
distribution coefficients.
Pressure distribution in a
long channel. Derivation of
equations for energy and
momentum coefficients,
Examples
Lectures, power point
presentation, and
feedback.
Assignment,
Examination and
Quiz.
1. Explain energy and
momentum principles.
Criteria for critical state
of flow.
2. Define specific energy.
Describe specific energy
in a typical graph and
example.
Energy and momentum
principles, critical flow and
criteria for critical state of
flow, specific energy).
Gradually varied flow
Lectures, power point
presentation, and
feedback.
Assignment,
Examination and
Quiz.
Table 1 : Course Profile(contd.)

8. 8
1. Illustrate channel
design criteria
according to
Kennedy and
Lacey’s approaches.
2.Design a channel
section
3.Describe local
phenomenon and
classify according
to USBR with sketch
and examples
Channel design for both
alluvium and non
alluvium soil. Channel
design approaches-
Lacey and Kennedy.
Criteria for channel
design. Local
phenomenon (hydraulic
jump
Lectures,
power point
presentation,
and feedback
Assignment,
Examination
and Quiz
Main References
(1) Ven Te Chow: Open channel Hydraulics, McGRAW-HILL
INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS.
(2) Mays, L. W. editor. 1999. Hydraulic design
handbook. McGraw-Hill Book Co.
(3) Hubert Chanson and David C. Forehlich, Renson, Verginia 1988
Open Channel Flow
(4) Santosh Kumar Garg,22nd revised edition-Oct,2008 Irrigation
Engineering and Hydraulic structures
Table 1 : Course Profile(contd.)

9. 9
Table 2: Course Outcome (CO) and Program Outcome (PO) relationship
Course
Code
PO
CO PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CE801
1 √
2 √
3 √
4 √

10. 10
Lesson Plan
Course Title: Open Channel Flow
Course ID: CE801
Rationale
This course is intended for hydrologists, civil engineers, hydraulic engineers, highway
engineers and environmental engineers. After completing this course, students will
gain knowledge and be able to apply fundamental concepts and techniques of
hydraulics and hydrology in the analysis, design, and operation of water resources
systems.
Outcomes
At the end of this course, students will have the:
1. Ability to understand Flow of water and different patterns of flow and profile, effect
of gravity, channel geometry
2. Ability to develop the open channel flow equations from the basic conservation
equations and explain the interactions among the terms of equations.
3 .Ability to solve open channel flow problems through the selection and use of
appropriate equations, explain and apply the physical mechanisms of hydraulic
jumps, surges, and critical, uniform flow
4. Ability to analyze and determine gradually-varying flows and design of irrigation
canal and drainage channel with hydraulic structure.

11. 11
Week Unit Learning Outcome Course content Teaching
Learning
Strategy
Assessment
Strategy
1 Program Outcome (PO),
Vision, Mission,
Objectives, CO-PO
relationship
Introduction,
Description,
Conclusion
Define and classify flow of
water with elaboration.
Introduction, flow of
water classification of
flow of water
Lectures, power
point
presentation,
and feedback.
Assignment,
Examination
and Quiz.
2 Describe channel geometry
for different channel shape,
determination of channel
geometry like hydraulic radius
and depth for trapezoidal
section.
Channel geometry,
Examples for different
channel sections.
Lectures, power
point
presentation,
and feedback.
Assignment
Examination
and Quiz.
3 Explain velocity distribution in
a channel section with
sketches.
Velocity and velocity
distribution in different
channel cross section.
Lectures, power
point
presentation,
and feedback.
Assignment
Examination
and Quiz.
Lesson Plan

12. 12
4 Describe pressure
distribution coefficients.
List the different types of
pressure distribution
coefficients.
Pressure
distribution
coefficients
and its types
Lectures,
power point
presentation,
and feedback.
Assignment,
Examination and
Quiz.
5 Derivation equations for
both energy and
momentum distribution
coefficients.
Derivation of
pressure
distribution
coefficients,
Examples.
Lectures,
power point
presentation,
and feedback.
Assignment,
Examination and
Quiz.
6. Explain both energy and
momentum principles
Energy and
momentum
principles
Lectures,
power point
presentation,
and feedback.
Tutorials,
Examination and
Quiz.
7. Calculation of energy and
momentum distribution
coefficients
Types of
pressure
distribution
coefficients
Lectures,
power point
presentation,
and feedback.
Tutorials,
Examination and
Quiz.
8. Mid Term Examination
Lesson Plan (contd.)

13. 13
9 Define critical flow and
list the criteria for
critical state of flow.
Critical flow
and criteria
for critical
state of flow.
Lectures,
power point
presentation,
and feedback.
Assignment,
Examination and
Quiz.
10 Draw specific energy
curve and label.
Describe local
phenomenon and
classify.
Specific
energy, local
phenomeno
n
Lectures,
power point
presentation
, and
feedback.
Tutorials,
Examination and
Quiz.
11 Define gradually varied
flow with sketch of flow
profile
Gradually
varied flow.
Lectures,
power point
presentation
, and
feedback.
Tutorials,
Examination and
Quiz.
Lesson Plan (contd.)

14. 14
12. Derive dynamic equation for
gradually varied flow.
Calculation of flow profile
for various types of flow
Dynamic
equation for
gradually
varied flow.
Derivation of
gradually
varied flow
profile.
Lectures,
power point
presentation,
and feedback.
Tutorials,
Examination and
Quiz.
13 Classify hydraulic jump
according to USBR with
examples.
Hydraulic jump
and its
classification
Lectures,
power point
presentation,
and feedback.
Tutorials,
Examination and
Quiz.
14 Illustrate the characteristics
of hydraulic jump.
Calculation of hydraulic for
various flow types
Characteristics
of hydraulic
jump,
calculation of
length of jump
Lectures,
power point
presentation,
and feedback.
Tutorials,
Examination and
Quiz.
Main
References
1.Ven Te Chow: Open channel Hydraulics, McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL
EDITIONS.
2.Mays, L. W. editor. 1999. Hydraulic design handbook. McGraw-Hill Book Co.
3.Hubert Chanson and David C. Forehlich, Renson, Verginia 1988 Open Channel
Flow
4.Santosh Kumar Garg,22nd revised edition-Oct,2008 Irrigation Engineering and
Hydraulic structures.
Lesson Plan (contd.)

15. 15
Introduction
Flow of a liquid may take place either as open channel flow or
pressure flow. Pressure flow takes place in a closed conduit
such as a pipe, and pressure is the primary driving force for the
flow. For open channel flow, on the other hand the flowing
liquid has a free surface at atmospheric pressure and the
driving force is gravity. Open channel flow takes place in
natural channels like rivers and streams.
Figure1.0: Open Channel Flow Examples: A River and an Irrigation Canal
(Artificial Channel)
Presentation -1

16. 16
Hydraulics: - The word "hydraulics" originates from the Greek word
(hydraulikos) which in turn originates from (hydor, Greek for water) and
(aulos, meaning pipe). So, Hydraulics means flow of water.
Therefore,
the branch of science that deals with the flow /velocity and
the flow mechanism of fluids/water is called hydraulics.
Open-channel flow, a branch of hydraulic and fluid mechanics, is
a type of liquid flow within a conduit with a free surface, known as
open channel flow .
Presentation -1 (contd.)

17. 17
Application of Hydraulics:
It is widely applied in many civil and environmental
engineering systems such as
water resources, water management, flood defense,
harbors and port, bridge, building, hydropower, irrigation,
ecosystem, pumps, turbines, etc.
Presentation -1 (contd.)

18. 18
(2) Pipe flow : it is also a conduit
flow having no free surface
Flow of water
The movement of water through conduit either by the action of
gravitational force or atmospheric pressure or artificial force or
conjugation of all is called flow of water.
Types of flow
twotypes
(1) Open channel flow
(2) Pipe flow
(1) Open channel Flow : Open
channel flow is a conduit flow
having open surface
Figr. Pipe Flow
Figr.- Open Channel Flow
Flow Flow
Presentation -1 (contd.)

19. 19
Open Channel Flow Pipe Flow
1. .Defines as a passage in which
liquid flows with its upper surface
exposed to atmosphere.
1.A pipe is a closed conduit . Pipe
has no such free surface since
water must fill the whole conduit
2.Open channel flow caused by
gravitational and atmospheric
pressure
2. No direct atmospheric pressure
but hydraulic pressure only.
3.Hydraulic grade line coincides
with the water surface
3.Hydraulic grade line does not
coincides with the water surface.
4.The maximum velocity occurs
at a little distance below the water
surface.
4.The maximum velocity
occurring at the pipe centre.
Difference between Open Channel Flow(OCF) and Pipe flow
Presentation -1 (contd.)

20. 20
Difference between Open Channel Flow and Pipe flow(contd.)
1 2
V1
2 /2g
y1
z1
v1
v2
hf
v2
2/2g
y2
z2
Datum line
C/L
Figure :1-1(a) Pipe Flow
v3
2/2g
y
3
z3
hf
v4
2/2g
y4
z4
Channel bed
v3
v4
Datum line
Figure : 1-1(b) Open channel flow
3
4
Figure : 1 Comparison between pipe flow and open channel flow
Parallel to Datum
Presentation -1 (contd.)

21. 21
5.The shape of the velocity
profile is dependent on the
channel roughness
5.Velocity Distribution is
symmetrical about the pipe
axis
6.There are variable cross
sections and shape-from
circular to the irregular
forms of natural streams.
6.In pipe flow the cross
section of flow is fixed, since
it is completely defined by the
geometry of the conduit.
Generally the cross section is
round.
7.The roughness in an open
channel varies with the
position of the free surface.
7.The roughness in pipes
depends on the interior
surface ranges from that of
new smooth brass or wooden-
stave pipes, corroded iron or
old steel pipes.
Difference between Open Channel Flow and Pipe flow (contd.)
Presentation -1 (contd.)

22. 22
Classification of open Channel Flow(OCF)
Open channel flow:
The flow of liquid in a conduit in which the upper surface of
the liquid is in contact with the atmosphere.
The types of OCF. According to the change in flow depth
with respect to time : –
O C F
(2) Unsteady flow(1) Steady flow and
Twotypes
Presentation -1 (contd.)

23. 23
(2) Unsteady Flow
Open channel flow classification(Space
and Time are the criteria)
(2) Varied flow(1) Uniform flow
(1)Steady Flow
(2) Rapidly
varied flow
(1) Gradually
varied flow
(1) Rapidly
varied unsteady
flow
(2) Gradually
varied unsteady
flow
(1) Unsteady uniform flow
(2) Unsteady varied flow
Classification of open channel flow in a flow diagram
Time as the criteria
Space as the criteria
Presentation -1 (contd.)

24. 24
Examples of open channel flow (Sections and Flow Profiles)
(2) Trapezoidal section(1) Rectangular section
D1
D2
Bed profile
Variable depth
v
Figure :Varied flow
Depth constant
Bed profile
Bed profile
Depth change time to time
Fig : -1-2(a) :
Uniform Flow
Fig-1-2(b) : Unsteady
uniform flow(Rare)
Fig. 1-3(c) : Gradually
varied flow(GVF)
Lecture -2 (contd.)

25. 25
Presentation -1 (contd.)
RVF GVF RVF GVF RVF GVF RVF
Sluice gate
Contraction
below the gate
Hydraulic
jump Flow over Weir
Hydraulic Drop
Bed profile
Figure 1-4 : Varied flow Showing Hydraulic jump and Hydraulic drop
Bed profile
Fig – 1-3(d) : Rapidly
varied flow (RVF)
Depth change rapidly
Weir