Hydraulics and advanced hydraulics in engineerings

Lec1: Introduction to Hydraulics Applications Associate Prof. Sameh Kantoush
WEUEF12: Hydraulics/ Advanced Hydraulics
Associate Prof. Dr. Sameh Kantoush
Disaster Prevention Research Institute DPRI, Kyoto University
Email of the course instructor: sameh.kantoush@stl.pauwes.dz,
kantoush@yahoo.com
Module 1: Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics
March 20th, 2022
Lecture 1: Introduction to Hydraulics Applications

Course Instructor
Class participation and questions are very welcome during the lectures or
at the end of the lecture. Moreover, if you have extra question, students
may contact me by email or TEAMS.
• Associate Prof. Dr. Sameh KANTOUSH
• Email address: sameh.kantoush@stl.pauwes.dz
• Google scholar:
• Researchmap
• Researchgate:

My Profile – Current and Past
Educational profile
 Ph.D. in Environmental and Hydraulic Engineering, LCH, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
 M.Sc. in Civil engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
 B.Sc. in Civil Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Experience
 Associate Professor, Water Resources Research Centre WRRC, Disaster Prevention Research Institute DPRI, Kyoto University,
Since Oct. 2014.
 Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, German University in Cairo, September 2011 to Sep. 2014.
 Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Research Fellow and Senior Researcher, DPRI, Kyoto University , March 2009- Aug.
2011
 Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland , 2007-2008
 Hydraulic and Structural Engineer, Egypt, 1997-2000
 Alexandria University and Arab Academy for Science &Technology, Alexandria, Egypt, 1998-2001
Research Projects
 Integrated flood and sediment management in river basins for sustainable development
 Rivers and Hydropower Dams
 Reservoir Sedimentation
 International Collaboration Projects about Flash Flood in Wadi System
HONORS, AWARDS, AND SCHOLARSHIPS
Japanese Government Scholarship (MONBU-KAGAKU-SHO) for Master Study in Civil Engineering, Oct. 2001-2003

Course Objectives and Outcomes
The aim of this course is to explain engineering hydraulics with advanced applications,
including open channel and pipe flows. During lectures, the student will have the
opportunity to discuss and learn various real applications related to these topics,
including basic principles of open-channel flows, water flow in pipes, pipe networks,
pumps, hydraulic structures, and flow measurements.
By the end of this course you shall be able to:
• • Use mass, energy, and momentum conservation with empirical relations (e.g.,
Manning equation) to calculate depths and velocities in channels with analytical and
numerical methods.
• • Calculate normal, critical depths in channels & understand the importance of
these parameters in open flow.
• • Compute the major and minor losses in pipes.
• • Design open channels and pipe networks.
• • Understand the behavior of commonly used hydraulic structures such as weirs,
spillways, and energy dissipators.

Course Overview
Module 1:
Fundamental of Fluid
Mechanics
Module 2:
Water Flow in Open
Channels
Module 3:
Water Flow in Pipes
Module 4: Hydraulic
Structures and Flow
Measurements
Lecture #1: Introduction
Lecture #2: Properties and types of fluid
Lecture #3: Basic Equations
Lecture #4: Open Channel Flow: Classifications and Basic Concepts
Lecture #5: Uniform Flow and Flow resistance
Lecture #6: Design of Open Channel; Lecture # 7: Critical flow
Lecture #8: Specific Energy: Applications of Energy Principle
Lecture #9: Rapidly Varied Flow and Hydraulic Jump
Lecture #11-12: Gradually Varied Flow
Lecture #12: Description of Pipe Flow
Lecture #13: Losses in Pipe Flow
Lecture #14: Pipelines and Pipe Networks
Lecture #15: Water Pumps
Lecture #16: Weirs and spillways
Lecture #17: Dams and Reservoirs
Lecture #18: Flow Measurements

Course Assessment Methods
Weight Assessment Method
10% Exercises, Quizzes and in class active participation
10% Report and presentation
20% Homework assignments
60% Final Exam
Assignments: will be given after a specific lesson(s). Due date will be given depending
on each assignment
Checking attendance: in the beginning and during each session
Grading: The grading will be performed according to the following

Course Textbooks
• Houghtalen, R. J., Osman A. and Hwang N. H. C. (2009), Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems,
Fourth edition, Prentice Hall. This is a very good text with a clear presentation and covers most of the course
topics.
• Akan, A. Osman. 2006: Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill. This is a very good text with clearly solved
examples and exercises.
• Richard H. French. 1987: Open Channel Hydraulics, Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Ven Te Chow (1959). Open-channel hydraulics. McGraw-Hill.
• Chanson, H. (1999). The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flows, Butterworth.
M. Hanif Chaudhry, (2008), Open Channel Flow, Second Edition, Springer.

Introduce yourself…
What is your background?
What is your expectation and interest?
Do you have experience with related courses?
What geographical areas are you interested in?
Will you apply PhD after this master program? And which country
would you like to study?

History of Hydraulics
Importance of vortices in water illustrated the circular, spiral and cascading flow
patterns of the eddies, Swirls of hair

What is Fluid mechanics, Hydraulics and Hydrology?
Fluid Mechanics: Provides the basic scientific backbone of water science
 Study of the motions of FLUIDS and FORCES associated with these motions.
Hydraulics: Focuses on practical problems of collecting, storing, measuring,
transporting, controlling, and using water and other liquids.
Followed by Hydraulics which provides the applications of fluid
mechanics to practical problems.
Hydrology: deals with the occurrence, circulation, distribution and properties of
water in the earth system via different processes of the hydrological cycle.

Motivation for Studying Hydraulics /Advanced Hydraulics
Hydraulics is omnipresent
• River Engineering
• Hydrodynamics
• The design of dams, spillways, locks, piers, and tanks
• Energy generation
• Ocean and Coastal Engineering
• Water Resources
…numerous other examples…
Hydraulics is beautiful

Open Channel Flows
Compound Urban Drainage
Channel
Charley River at Yukon River Basin (Alaska)

Dams and Reservoirs
Sediment Flushing in
the Kurobe River Study,
Japan

Hydraulic Structures

Run of the River Structures
Islands and secondary branches
Harbor and industrial area
Marina
Pumping station (agriculture…)
Side canal
Solar power plant
Small HPP
barrage
Headrace channel
Tailrace channel
Wind farm
Natural river Course
lock
dikes
Side canal
dikes
Fish passage
facilities
reservoir
MAX
15m
Energy generation

River Hydraulics
t= 10hrs
Measured bed topography

© SOGREAH
Finite element mesh
(56000 elements)
Urban flooding: Saint-Malo

Risk assessment of flash floods in the Valley of the Kings,
Egypt
Rainfall area：Whole Egypt
Affected:
Thousands
20 km2
２０ km2
Ogiso Yusuke, 2017
• Assess the risk of flood in the Valley of the Kings with the existing protection strategy.
• Propose efficient mitigation measures based on future scenarios for extreme rainfall.

Risk assessment of flash floods in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt
Not flooded
Not flooded
Simulation of the 1994 flood Simulation of the 100-year return period
The simulations in the of 1994 flood, rainfall of 50-year return period and 100 return period were implemented
KV62 and KV9 were flooded with the rainfall of 100-year return period
KV62
KV9
KV62
KV9
flooded
KV17
KV17
KV11
KV11
flooded
19

Flow Measurements
Check dam
Training dikes
upstream of the
main gate
Gateto
decrease
water level
Trap weir
Fish
passage
Main
gate
Log boom
Diversion weir
Turbidity meter
measuring SS1
Sub-
gate
Fish passage
Flood bypass
tunnel
SMDP station SS2
Study area 1
Study area 2
Camera 1, 2
Camera 3, 4
Miwa Dam
reservoir
 Water Level and Flow Discharges
 Flow Velocities
1- Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry
(LSPIV)
 Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC)
1- Turbidity by INFINITY-Turbiditymeter (JFE-Advantech
Company)
2- SMDP （Suspended Sediment Concentration
Measuring System with Differential Pressure
Transmitter
4- Image processing
(b)
0.293 0.335 0.419 0.461
0.377
0.251
0.210
0.168
0.126 0.503
0.084
0.0 0.042
m/s

Illustrates suspended load and
bedload transport by a turbidity
current
Illustrates the
migration of
dunes and bars
in a sand-bed
stream
bedload transport by open-channel flow

Dam Operation
Flood waves/pulses
Attenuation of flood pulses
Delta
Downstream ecosystem
Downstream
Geomorphology
Cagayan River Basin in
Philippines
Reservoir
sustainability
Salinity
Intrusion
Watershed
management
Sediment
Management
Flood Risks
Sedimentation
in reservoir
Bank erosion in
Cagayan RB
Agriculture water
intake
Drought and water
shortage at VGTB
Coastal Erosion at Cua Dai
Climate
Change
Water
Diversion
Common Challenges along River Basin

Challenges of Cagayan River Basin
Cagayan River and 15 subbasins
 Magat dam
 Rock-fill dam
 Construction period：1975-1982
 Storage capacity：1.08BCM
 H=114m，Crest length = 4.16KM .
Total storage loss between
1978 and 2016 is 27.5%

Inflow, outflow, and reservoir and downstream elevation in typhoons Ulysses 2020
Water use
capacity
Sediment storage capacity
Flood control capacity
Normal Water Level
High Water Level
Dam pre-release based on
rainfall runoff modelling
Water use
capacity is not
restored
Sediment storage
capacity
Water use
capacity
More water
storage
available
Water use capacity
Drought
Flood
 Max inflow 7,130m3/s
 Max water level193.3m
Sediment storage
capacity
185m
190 m
180m
175m
Pre-release 3 days before
189.5 m

Sand Mining,
Bank erosion, and
Morphological changes
- There are 68 hot spot erosion sites
- The erosion sites mainly appear in
the sand mining area and the river
confluences
Seven sites on the Vu Gia
Five sites on the Thu Bon
12 large sand
mining sites

Challenges of River Basin Sustainability
Tributary
Delta
Sandy
beach
Rivermouth
Sandy flat
Reservoir
Dam
Sediment routing system = All river and coastal systems where sediment is routing.
I. Upstream Reaches
• Steep slopes/ high Rainfall
• Highly active erosion
• Soil loss from cultivated lands
• Burn farming & logging activities
• Land slides
• Sediment yield
• Limited watershed monitoring
II. Dam and Reservoir Reach
• Reservoir sedimentation (reduction of Cap.)
• Impacts of backwater build-up depositions
• Fish cage operators and soil cultivation
• People cut trees and destroy soil covers
III. Middle and Downstream
Reaches
• Inundations at the tributaries
and flood
• Water inadequacies in
irrigation and domestic water
supply
• Dynamic morphological
changes
• Bank erosion and river bed
incision
• Modification of flow &
sediment regimes
• Water quality
• No bank protection works
• Difficulty in implementing
large-scale flood control
project
• Various management entities
IV. Coastal and River Mouth Reaches
• Coastal erosion
• Salinity intrusion and water logging
• Increased concentration of pollutants
• Degradation of biodiversity and ecology
• Social and environmental impacts

Assignment # 1
Various challenges affect the flow and sediment regimes in the African River Basins
due to climate change and anthropogenic interventions. Therefore, you are requested
to select a target river basin in your country and report about:
1- What are the main challenges facing your target river?
2- What are the main drivers affecting river hydrodynamic, morphological, and
environmental conditions?
3- What are the available monitoring system for rainfall, water level, discharges,
sediment, and water quality
4- What are the solutions and mitigations that have been implemented to solve
such challenges?
5- Other issues

ً‫ا‬‫ﺷﻛر‬
Vielen Dank
Thank you for your attention
ありがとうございます

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