Presentación4 iii
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The document discusses several grammatical concepts: 1) It contains examples of interrogative statements using phrases like "Is there..." and "Are there..." 2) It explains the difference between the modal verbs "can" and "could", where "could" is the past form of "can" but also expresses possibility or hypothetical situations. 3) "Can" and "could" are used to express the progressive or continuous aspect of verbs like "see", "hear", and "understand".
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9. auxiliary verbs
The document discusses modal verbs in English. It defines modal verbs as special verbs that express mood and attitude. Some key points:
- Modal verbs such as can, may, must are used with other verbs to express ideas like ability, permission, obligation.
- Modal verbs are irregular and do not conjugate like normal verbs. They have consistent forms and are always followed by a base verb.
- Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, should, would, shall, will. Each has specific meanings and uses for ability, permission, requests, advice, necessity and more.
- Modal verbs are important for proper English grammar and have many functions in the language
Sc2 Unit 7 Too, Too Many, Too Much, Enough
The document discusses the differences between too, too many, too much, enough, and not enough. Too is used to describe adjectives, too many describes countable plural nouns, too much describes non-countable singular nouns. Enough describes all nouns and means a sufficient amount. Not enough means an insufficient amount is present. Examples are provided to illustrate the proper uses of each term.
How do we use the past perfect tense
The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. It is used to refer to the earlier of two past actions. Some examples of its use include:
- "The train had left when we arrived" - referring to the train leaving before our arrival.
- "I hadn't eaten" - referring to a time before the present moment in the past.
- "We had been waiting for 3 hours" - referring to the waiting occurring before a specific past time.
The past perfect is used to show that one action happened before another in the past. It places two past events in sequence rather than using just the past simple tense, which does not distinguish timing between past
Can could be able to
The document discusses the differences between the present perfect and past simple tenses. It notes that "can" is used to talk about ability in the present tense, while "could" is used to talk about past ability. It also explains that "be able to" can be used in any tense to express ability, including having an infinitive form, whereas "can" and "could" are restricted to present and past tenses only. A number of examples are provided to illustrate when to use each.
Modal verbs
This document provides information about modal auxiliary verbs in English. It defines modal verbs as verbs that are always followed by an infinitive without "to" and have no past tense or third person -s forms. Common modal verbs discussed include can, could, may, might, must, should, have to, need to, and their uses for ability, permission, certainty, obligation, suggestions, deductions and more. Examples are given for each modal verb. There is also a table that shows the probability implied by different modal verbs. An exercise follows with 25 sentences for the reader to practice using modal verbs.
Reported speech
The document discusses reporting questions and requests in indirect speech. It explains that when changing direct questions and requests to indirect speech, the word order changes to a statement format and pronouns and verb tenses may need to be changed. Examples are provided of changing direct yes/no questions and questions beginning with question words to indirect questions. Exercises then demonstrate reporting questions and requests indirectly and rewriting direct speech as indirect speech while changing pronouns and expressions of time and place.
Can, could and be able to
The document discusses the use of modal auxiliary verbs can, could, and be able to. It explains that can is used to talk about present ability or possibility, could is used to talk about past ability or possibility, and be able to is used to talk about ability. It provides examples of how each modal verb is used and exercises for the reader to practice using them correctly.
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Presentación4 iii
- 1. exsamples There isn't a boy. There are books. There aren't boys. There are books. There aren't boys. Were there books? Is there time? Are there any children?
- 2. *interrogative statements) • • • • • Is there any sugar in the sugar pot? Is there any cool water in the fridge Is there any quiet place around here Are there any glasses in the cupboard Are there any chairs in your room?
- 3. *Can and could concept * Can and could are modal auxiliary verbs which express ability, permission, request, offer or possibility. * Could is originally the past form of can, but it also has certain functions which can does not, for example, it is used in hypothetical conditions.
- 4. * * She can speak English very well. * I could ride a bike, but * I couldn’t swim when I was seven years old. * You can have a coffee break after you type these letters. * Could I have some more salad with the meat? * Can I help you? Can I carry your bag? * It could rain this afternoon. * This can’t be true. * We could get there in time if you were driving a bit faster.
- 5. are also used to express the progressive (continuous) aspect of verbs of perception (see, hear, feel, taste, smell, etc.) and verbs like understand, remember, etc: * Examples: Can you see the woman standing over there? * We were so near the sea that I could hear the seagulls. * When she entered the kitchen, she could smell something * burning. * I put my keys to a safe place before swimming, but now I can’t remember where. * She couldn’t understand what the foreigner was saying.
- 6. concept As the past form of can, could is used for general ability in the past and in reported speech. * Examples: When she was younger, she could work for ten hours without stopping. * He said he could get his wife to come to the football with us. *
- 7. * It is not used when only one occasion is implied, except for negative sentences: * Examples: How many goals were you able to score on Sunday? * They managed to get to the station in ten minutes by taking a taxi. * I was able to find all the words in the dictionary, still I couldn’t translate the text.
- 8. * In requests, orders and suggestions, could is more polite than can: * Examples: Can I use your phone? * Could you please do me a favour? * Do you think you could help me for a few minutes? * Do the washing first, then you can clean your room. * When you’ve finished the letter, you could translate this article, if you like. * If you haven’t got anything to do this afternoon, you could clean the car.
- 9. * When we ask for permission, could is more polite than can. Could is not used to give or refuse permission: * Examples: Can/Could I ask you something? – Yes, of course you can. * You can go now if you want to. * Can I stay here for another hour? – No, I’m afraid you can’t.