1. *
In Conditional structures, the “if clause” can come first or second. When th “if clause” is first,
we need a comma at the end of the clause

2. * Present Simple + IF + Present Simple
If+ Present Simple + Present Simple
* It is used to talk about things that always or generally happen. It's
a fact. General situations
* The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when'
without changing the meaning.
* Examples:
* If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.
* If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe, not for
everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts)
* If people eat too much, they get fat.
* If you touch a fire, you get burned.
* People die if they don't eat.
* You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
* Snakes bite if they are scared
* If babies are hungry, they cry

3. * If + present simple, ... will + infinitive
Will + infinitive ... if + Present Simple
*It is used to talk about things which might happen
in the future.
*Of course, we can't know what will happen in the
future, but this describes possible things, which
could easily come true.
*Examples:
* If it rains, I won't go to the park.
* If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
* If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
* She'll be late if the train is delayed.
* She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
* If I see her, I'll tell her.

4. * if + past simple, ...would + infinitive
Would + infinitive … if + Past simple
It has two uses:
* To talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be
true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.
* If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the
lottery)
* If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
* She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
* She would pass the exam if she ever studied. (She never studies, so
this won't happen)
* To talk about something in the present which is impossible, because
it's not true.
* If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so
it's impossible for me to call him).
* If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.
We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in
.
formal writing

5. if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle
*
would + have + past participle … if + past perfect
* With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a
condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no
possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a
dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
* If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car.
* Sometimes, we use should have, could have, might have instead of
would have, for example: If you had bought a lottery ticket, you
might have won.
* I would have invited Tara if she had been free yesterday.
* Their teacher would have been sad if they had not passed their exam.
* Would you have stayed at home if It had rained yesterday?
* What would you have done if it had rained yesterday?

6. *
* We can use could or might in the main clause instead of would.
* If I had more money, I could buy some clothes.
* We can use unless instead of if… not in any conditional
sentence.
* I can’t help my friends, unless I listen to her problems.
* Unless our team wins this match, we won’t be happy.
* I wouldn’t save my pocket money unless I wanted something special.

7. * 1st Conditional:
* For future possibility.
* FORM: If + Present Simple/Present Continuous + Will/Won’t
* If you ask me, I’ll be happy to help you.
* 2nd Conditional:
* For present or future imagined situations and for giving
advice.
* FORM: If + Past Simple/Past Continuous + would/wouldn’t +
infinitive
* If I lived in the country, I’d do a lot more walking.
* When less certain, we can use might instead of would.
* If I had more money, I might take a year off work.
* 3rd Conditional:
* To talk about imagined situations in the past.
* FORM: If + Past Perfect Simple/Continuous + Would
have/wouldn’t have + Past Participle.
* If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

8. Mixed Conditionals (1)
For imagined past conditions and probable results in the
present.
FORM: If + Past Perfect + Would/wouldn’t + infinitive
If I hadn’t gone to bed late, I wouldn’t be tired.
Mixed Conditionals (2)
To talk about situations that never happened because of
conditions which are true.
FORM: If + Past Simple/Continuous + would
have/wouldn’t have + infinitive