Performance of a Novel SUV Calculation Scheme for PET StudyPawitra Masa-ah
1. The study developed a novel scheme for calculating standardized uptake values (SUV) directly from DICOM files using MATLAB. This allows SUV calculation without proprietary software.
2. The scheme extracts data like pixel intensities and calibration factors from the DICOM image and metadata headers. It uses this information to calculate activity concentration and SUV for regions of interest drawn on the images.
3. The scheme was tested on DICOM files from 11 PET/CT patients and showed 85% accuracy when compared to calculations from a commercial workstation, demonstrating it can reliably replace proprietary software for SUV analysis.
This paper presents a novel scheme for calculating standardized uptake values (SUVs) from positron emission tomography (PET) DICOM files using MATLAB. The scheme extracts data like pixel intensities and patient information from the DICOM headers to calculate SUVs using established formulas. SUVs calculated with the MATLAB scheme for a PET phantom scan were comparable to those obtained from commercial software. The scheme provides a method for SUV analysis without requiring proprietary software, allowing convenient exchange and analysis of DICOM files.
1) The document presents a novel scheme for calculating Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) from PET scans using DICOM files without specialized application software.
2) SUV is a semi-quantitative measure used to analyze FDG-PET images in clinical practice, with a value above 2.5 often indicating malignant lesions.
3) The scheme calculates SUVmax, which is less affected by partial volume effects, and its results are compared to values from GE healthcare software, showing a significant correlation.
7A_4_Gps data collection setting for pedestrian activity modellingGISRUK conference
This document discusses collecting GPS data for modeling pedestrian activity. It outlines the background, why high frequency data collection is needed for pedestrians, how a test was conducted, analysis of the test results, and conclusions. The test collected walking data every 1 second and then thinned the data to varying rates. The analysis found that positional accuracy was around 15-20 meters, length calculation was most accurate at 20 seconds, speed calculation worked best at 30-60 seconds, and start and end points were most accurate between 10-20 seconds. In conclusion, an epoch rate of 20-30 seconds was determined to be most appropriate for pedestrian route modeling.
Impact of Spatial Correlation towards the Performance of MIMO Downlink Transm...Rosdiadee Nordin
Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail, "Impact of Spatial Correlation towards the Performance of MIMO Downlink Transmissions", Proceedings of 18th Asia-Pasific Conference on Communications. APCC 2012, Oct. 2012
Dynamic subcarrier allocation with ESINR metric in correlated SM-OFDMARosdiadee Nordin
R. Nordin, S. Armour, J.P. McGeehan, “Dynamic subcarrier allocation with ESINR metric in correlated SM-OFDMA”, Proceedings of 2010 6th Conference on Wireless Advanced (WiAD), pp.1-5, June 2010
Energy Efficient Cellular Base Stations based on the Characteristics of Ma...Rosdiadee Nordin
The document discusses energy efficient techniques for cellular base stations based on Malaysia's solar radiation characteristics. It introduces the problem of increasing energy consumption from the growing number of base stations and underutilized stations. Various cooperation management techniques are classified that aim to reduce energy usage based on traffic load, including base station switching on and off when traffic is low while maintaining coverage through active remaining stations. Studies on this technique have shown potential energy savings of up to 50%.
Performance of a Novel SUV Calculation Scheme for PET StudyPawitra Masa-ah
1. The study developed a novel scheme for calculating standardized uptake values (SUV) directly from DICOM files using MATLAB. This allows SUV calculation without proprietary software.
2. The scheme extracts data like pixel intensities and calibration factors from the DICOM image and metadata headers. It uses this information to calculate activity concentration and SUV for regions of interest drawn on the images.
3. The scheme was tested on DICOM files from 11 PET/CT patients and showed 85% accuracy when compared to calculations from a commercial workstation, demonstrating it can reliably replace proprietary software for SUV analysis.
This paper presents a novel scheme for calculating standardized uptake values (SUVs) from positron emission tomography (PET) DICOM files using MATLAB. The scheme extracts data like pixel intensities and patient information from the DICOM headers to calculate SUVs using established formulas. SUVs calculated with the MATLAB scheme for a PET phantom scan were comparable to those obtained from commercial software. The scheme provides a method for SUV analysis without requiring proprietary software, allowing convenient exchange and analysis of DICOM files.
1) The document presents a novel scheme for calculating Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) from PET scans using DICOM files without specialized application software.
2) SUV is a semi-quantitative measure used to analyze FDG-PET images in clinical practice, with a value above 2.5 often indicating malignant lesions.
3) The scheme calculates SUVmax, which is less affected by partial volume effects, and its results are compared to values from GE healthcare software, showing a significant correlation.
7A_4_Gps data collection setting for pedestrian activity modellingGISRUK conference
This document discusses collecting GPS data for modeling pedestrian activity. It outlines the background, why high frequency data collection is needed for pedestrians, how a test was conducted, analysis of the test results, and conclusions. The test collected walking data every 1 second and then thinned the data to varying rates. The analysis found that positional accuracy was around 15-20 meters, length calculation was most accurate at 20 seconds, speed calculation worked best at 30-60 seconds, and start and end points were most accurate between 10-20 seconds. In conclusion, an epoch rate of 20-30 seconds was determined to be most appropriate for pedestrian route modeling.
Impact of Spatial Correlation towards the Performance of MIMO Downlink Transm...Rosdiadee Nordin
Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail, "Impact of Spatial Correlation towards the Performance of MIMO Downlink Transmissions", Proceedings of 18th Asia-Pasific Conference on Communications. APCC 2012, Oct. 2012
Dynamic subcarrier allocation with ESINR metric in correlated SM-OFDMARosdiadee Nordin
R. Nordin, S. Armour, J.P. McGeehan, “Dynamic subcarrier allocation with ESINR metric in correlated SM-OFDMA”, Proceedings of 2010 6th Conference on Wireless Advanced (WiAD), pp.1-5, June 2010
Energy Efficient Cellular Base Stations based on the Characteristics of Ma...Rosdiadee Nordin
The document discusses energy efficient techniques for cellular base stations based on Malaysia's solar radiation characteristics. It introduces the problem of increasing energy consumption from the growing number of base stations and underutilized stations. Various cooperation management techniques are classified that aim to reduce energy usage based on traffic load, including base station switching on and off when traffic is low while maintaining coverage through active remaining stations. Studies on this technique have shown potential energy savings of up to 50%.
This document summarizes research on positioning accuracy for cooperative intelligent transport systems. It discusses how GPS alone cannot satisfy the high-accuracy positioning needs of safety-critical applications in certain environments. New positioning algorithms are being developed that integrate GPS with other sensors and vehicle-to-vehicle communication using DSRC. Current research includes developing techniques for collaborative positioning based on radio range, range-rates, and non-radio ranges. Evaluation of collaborative positioning datasets shows improvements over standalone GPS/INS of up to 60% in positioning accuracy. Future work aims to improve DSRC observations and integration algorithms while incorporating additional sensors.
A multi sensor-information_fusion_method_based_on_factor_graph_for_integrated...Ashish Sharma
The document proposes a multi-sensor information fusion method based on factor graph for integrated navigation systems. Key points:
- It constructs a factor graph framework where sensor measurements are factor nodes and navigation states are variable nodes, allowing for efficient fusion of asynchronous sensor data.
- The method formulates the optimal navigation solution as the maximum a posteriori estimate of the navigation state probability distribution based on all available sensor measurements.
- It is experimentally validated on two real-world datasets, demonstrating effectiveness compared to the widely used Federated Filter approach. Analysis of navigation with simulated data loss also verifies the method's ability to achieve sensor "plug and play" in software.
This document contains questions and answers related to GPS surveying techniques. It includes 15 multiple choice questions, 10 true/false statements, and 15 short answer questions about topics such as pseudo-ranges, satellite clock errors, sources of distance calculation errors in GPS, factors to consider when selecting a GPS survey method, real-time kinematic surveying, and types of GPS errors.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
High-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is a prospective technology that will be used in future automotive navigation systems. This system will be a composite of the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the European Union’s Galileo. The major improvement in accuracy and precision is based on (1) multiband signal transmitting, (2) carrier phase correction, (3) Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Due to the size and high-cost of today’s survey-grade antenna solutions, this kind of technology is difficult to use widely in the automotive sector. In this paper, a low-cost small size dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna is presented from design to real sample. A further study of this patch antenna illustrates the absolute phase center variation measured in an indoor range to achieve a received signal phase error correction. In addition, this low-cost antenna solution is investigated when integrated into a standard multi-band automotive antenna product. This product is evaluated both on its own in an indoor range and on a typical vehicle roof at an outdoor range. By using this evaluation file to estimate the receiver position could achieve phase motion error-free result.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
High-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is a prospective technology that will be used in future automotive navigation systems. This system will be a composite of the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the European Union’s Galileo. The major improvement in accuracy and precision is based on (1) multiband signal transmitting, (2) carrier phase correction, (3) Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Due to the size and high-cost of today’s survey-grade antenna solutions, this kind of technology is difficult to use widely in the automotive sector. In this paper, a low-cost small size dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna is presented from design to real sample. A further study of this patch antenna illustrates the absolute phase center variation measured in an indoor range to achieve a received signal phase error correction. In addition, this low-cost antenna solution is investigated when integrated into a standard multi-band automotive antenna product. This product is evaluated both on its own in an indoor range and on a typical vehicle roof at an outdoor range. By using this evaluation file to estimate the receiver position could achieve phase motion error-free result.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
High-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is a prospective technology that will be used in future automotive navigation systems. This system will be a composite of the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the European Union’s Galileo. The major improvement in accuracy and precision is based on (1) multiband signal transmitting, (2) carrier phase correction, (3) Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Due to the size and high-cost of today’s survey-grade antenna solutions, this kind of technology is difficult to use widely in the automotive sector. In this paper, a low-cost small size dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna is presented from design to real sample. A further study of this patch antenna illustrates the absolute phase center variation measured in an indoor range to achieve a received signal phase error correction. In addition, this low-cost antenna solution is investigated when integrated into a standard multi-band automotive antenna product. This product is evaluated both on its own in an indoor range and on a typical vehicle roof at an outdoor range. By using this evaluation file to estimate the receiver position could achieve phase motion error-free result.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
This document discusses the design and evaluation of a dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna for automotive applications. It aims to characterize the antenna's phase center variation and offset to achieve carrier phase correction and improve positioning accuracy. The antenna was evaluated on a 250mm ground plane, integrated into a shark-fin antenna on the same ground plane, and mounted on a vehicle roof. The results from indoor and outdoor testing can be used to estimate receiver position with reduced phase error for different vehicle platforms and antenna locations.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
This document discusses the design and testing of a dual-band ceramic patch antenna for use in automotive GPS applications. It aims to characterize the antenna's phase center variation and offset to enable high-precision positioning. The antenna was tested on a 250mm ground plane, integrated into a shark-fin antenna product, and mounted on a vehicle roof to measure its performance in different scenarios. The results will help estimate receiver position accurately by accounting for phase errors introduced by the antenna geometry.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
This document discusses the design and testing of a dual-band ceramic patch antenna for use in automotive GPS applications. It aims to characterize the antenna's phase center variation and offset to enable high-precision positioning. The antenna was tested on a 250mm ground plane, integrated into a shark-fin antenna product, and mounted on a vehicle roof to measure its performance in different scenarios. The results will help estimate receiver position accurately by accounting for phase errors introduced by the antenna geometry.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
High-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is a prospective technology that will
be used in future automotive navigation systems. This system will be a composite of the United States'
Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System
(GLONASS), China Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the European Union’s Galileo. The
major improvement in accuracy and precision is based on (1) multiband signal transmitting, (2) carrier
phase correction, (3) Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Due to the size and high-cost of today’s survey-grade
antenna solutions, this kind of technology is difficult to use widely in the automotive sector. In this paper, a
low-cost small size dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna is presented from design to real sample. A
further study of this patch antenna illustrates the absolute phase center variation measured in an indoor
range to achieve a received signal phase error correction. In addition, this low-cost antenna solution is
investigated when integrated into a standard multi-band automotive antenna product. This product is
evaluated both on its own in an indoor range and on a typical vehicle roof at an outdoor range. By using
this evaluation file to estimate the receiver position could achieve phase motion error-free result.
HOL, GDCT AND LDCT FOR PEDESTRIAN DETECTIONcsandit
In this paper, we present and analyze different approaches implemented here to resolve pedestrian detection problem. Histograms of Oriented Laplacian (HOL) is a descriptor of
characteristic, it aims to highlight objects in digital images, Discrete Cosine Transform DCT with its two version global (GDCT) and local (LDCT), it changes image's pixel into frequencies coefficients and then we use them as a characteristics in the process. We implemented
independently these methods and tried to combine it and used there outputs in a classifier, the new generated classifier has proved it efficiency in certain cases. The performance of those
methods and their combination is tested on most popular Dataset in pedestrian detection, which
are INRIA and Daimler.
HOL, GDCT AND LDCT FOR PEDESTRIAN DETECTIONcscpconf
The document presents and analyzes different approaches for pedestrian detection, including Histograms of Oriented Laplacian (HOL), Global Discrete Cosine Transform (GDCT), and Local Discrete Cosine Transform (LDCT). HOL is used to highlight objects in images while GDCT and LDCT convert images into frequency coefficients that are then used as characteristics for classification. The performance of these individual methods and their combination is tested on popular pedestrian detection datasets like INRIA and Daimler. Experimental results show the new classifier generated by combining the method outputs proves more efficient in certain cases.
This document discusses preliminary dosimetric analysis of target motion effects in 4D tomotherapy and outlines several challenges and potential solutions:
1) Contouring targets across multiple respiratory phases is time-consuming; research consoles can help by propagating contours and creating average images.
2) Planning and dose computation across phases is complex; multiple plans must be evaluated to assess potential underdosing.
3) Initial QA using dynamic phantoms shows dose shifts near targets, underscoring the need for 4D evaluations and potentially larger margins.
4) Further investigations of 4D imaging, planning, dose computation and adaptive techniques are needed to fully account for respiratory motion effects in tomotherapy.
The document discusses the global positioning system (GPS) and how it has changed navigation worldwide. It provides details on the three segments of GPS - the space segment consisting of 24 satellites in orbit, the control segment of 5 ground stations that monitor the satellites, and the user segment of GPS receivers. GPS uses trilateration of radio signals from satellites to determine precise location and timing information for users. Its widespread applications now include navigation, tracking, mapping, and more.
The document proposes the GOAL&GO architecture, which would provide global observations from Lagrange point, pole-sitter, and geosynchronous orbits using small, low-cost spacecraft. This revolutionary concept could monitor Earth's response to climate change and meet needs for disaster monitoring and relief through frequent imaging of the entire globe. The system is designed to evolve over 10-20 years using simple, proven technologies on multiple spacecraft to provide flexible, low-cost Earth observations.
Neural network based image compression with lifting scheme and rlceSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Neural network based image compression with lifting scheme and rlceSAT Journals
This document summarizes a research paper on neural network based image compression using wavelet transforms and lifting schemes. It discusses how wavelet transforms decompose images into frequency bands and how lifting schemes can reduce computational complexity. It also describes multilayer feedforward neural networks and how they can be used for image compression. Specifically, it proposes using a neural network with 64 input nodes, 8 hidden nodes, and 64 output nodes to compress 8x8 pixel blocks of an image by encoding the hidden node weights for transmission instead of the full image pixels. Simulation results showed this approach achieved better compression ratios and image quality than other existing methods.
1-A Fault Tolerant Integrated Navigation Scheme Realized through Online Tunin...Muhammad Ushaq
This document presents a fault tolerant integrated navigation scheme using an adaptive federated Kalman filter. The scheme integrates strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) measurements with GPS and celestial navigation system (CNS) measurements. It uses a federated Kalman filter architecture with two local filters (one for SINS/GPS and one for SINS/CNS) and a master filter. Weighting factors are introduced and adapted online to tune the contribution of each local filter in the final data fusion, making the scheme nearly optimal and fault tolerant. The measurement noise covariance is also made adaptive using a fuzzy inference system based on the relative degree of mismatch between actual and theoretical innovation covariances.
GPS cycle slips detection and repair through various signal combinationsIJMER
Abstract: GPS Cycle slips affect the measured spatial distance between the satellite and the receiver, thus affecting the accuracy of the derived 3D coordinates of any ground station. Therefore, cycle slips must be detected and repaired before performing any data processing. The objectives of this research are to detect the Cycle slips by using various types of GPS signal combinations with graphical and statistical tests techniques, and to repair cycle slips by using average and time difference geometry techniques. Results of detection process show that the graphical detection can be used as a primary detection
technique whereas the statistical approaches of detection are proved to be superior. On the other hand, results of repairing process show that any trial can be used for such process except for the 1st and 2nd time differences averaging all data as they give very low accuracy of the cycle slip fixation.
Image resolution enhancement by using wavelet transform 2IAEME Publication
This document discusses techniques for enhancing the resolution of digital images using wavelet transforms. It proposes a method that uses both stationary wavelet transform (SWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to decompose an input image into subbands, which are then interpolated using Lanczos interpolation before being combined via inverse DWT. The method is shown to achieve higher peak signal-to-noise ratios than traditional interpolation techniques like bilinear and bicubic interpolation as well as other wavelet-based super resolution methods, demonstrating its effectiveness for image resolution enhancement.
Internet of Things: Current Trends & Future Directions in MalaysiaRosdiadee Nordin
'Fingerprint' to trace the adaptation of IoT in Malaysia. Point of view expressed based on the lower physical (PHY) & network layers, feedback from industries, general reading & current ongoing research projects
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This document summarizes research on positioning accuracy for cooperative intelligent transport systems. It discusses how GPS alone cannot satisfy the high-accuracy positioning needs of safety-critical applications in certain environments. New positioning algorithms are being developed that integrate GPS with other sensors and vehicle-to-vehicle communication using DSRC. Current research includes developing techniques for collaborative positioning based on radio range, range-rates, and non-radio ranges. Evaluation of collaborative positioning datasets shows improvements over standalone GPS/INS of up to 60% in positioning accuracy. Future work aims to improve DSRC observations and integration algorithms while incorporating additional sensors.
A multi sensor-information_fusion_method_based_on_factor_graph_for_integrated...Ashish Sharma
The document proposes a multi-sensor information fusion method based on factor graph for integrated navigation systems. Key points:
- It constructs a factor graph framework where sensor measurements are factor nodes and navigation states are variable nodes, allowing for efficient fusion of asynchronous sensor data.
- The method formulates the optimal navigation solution as the maximum a posteriori estimate of the navigation state probability distribution based on all available sensor measurements.
- It is experimentally validated on two real-world datasets, demonstrating effectiveness compared to the widely used Federated Filter approach. Analysis of navigation with simulated data loss also verifies the method's ability to achieve sensor "plug and play" in software.
This document contains questions and answers related to GPS surveying techniques. It includes 15 multiple choice questions, 10 true/false statements, and 15 short answer questions about topics such as pseudo-ranges, satellite clock errors, sources of distance calculation errors in GPS, factors to consider when selecting a GPS survey method, real-time kinematic surveying, and types of GPS errors.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
High-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is a prospective technology that will be used in future automotive navigation systems. This system will be a composite of the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the European Union’s Galileo. The major improvement in accuracy and precision is based on (1) multiband signal transmitting, (2) carrier phase correction, (3) Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Due to the size and high-cost of today’s survey-grade antenna solutions, this kind of technology is difficult to use widely in the automotive sector. In this paper, a low-cost small size dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna is presented from design to real sample. A further study of this patch antenna illustrates the absolute phase center variation measured in an indoor range to achieve a received signal phase error correction. In addition, this low-cost antenna solution is investigated when integrated into a standard multi-band automotive antenna product. This product is evaluated both on its own in an indoor range and on a typical vehicle roof at an outdoor range. By using this evaluation file to estimate the receiver position could achieve phase motion error-free result.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
High-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is a prospective technology that will be used in future automotive navigation systems. This system will be a composite of the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the European Union’s Galileo. The major improvement in accuracy and precision is based on (1) multiband signal transmitting, (2) carrier phase correction, (3) Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Due to the size and high-cost of today’s survey-grade antenna solutions, this kind of technology is difficult to use widely in the automotive sector. In this paper, a low-cost small size dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna is presented from design to real sample. A further study of this patch antenna illustrates the absolute phase center variation measured in an indoor range to achieve a received signal phase error correction. In addition, this low-cost antenna solution is investigated when integrated into a standard multi-band automotive antenna product. This product is evaluated both on its own in an indoor range and on a typical vehicle roof at an outdoor range. By using this evaluation file to estimate the receiver position could achieve phase motion error-free result.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
High-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is a prospective technology that will be used in future automotive navigation systems. This system will be a composite of the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the European Union’s Galileo. The major improvement in accuracy and precision is based on (1) multiband signal transmitting, (2) carrier phase correction, (3) Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Due to the size and high-cost of today’s survey-grade antenna solutions, this kind of technology is difficult to use widely in the automotive sector. In this paper, a low-cost small size dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna is presented from design to real sample. A further study of this patch antenna illustrates the absolute phase center variation measured in an indoor range to achieve a received signal phase error correction. In addition, this low-cost antenna solution is investigated when integrated into a standard multi-band automotive antenna product. This product is evaluated both on its own in an indoor range and on a typical vehicle roof at an outdoor range. By using this evaluation file to estimate the receiver position could achieve phase motion error-free result.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
This document discusses the design and evaluation of a dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna for automotive applications. It aims to characterize the antenna's phase center variation and offset to achieve carrier phase correction and improve positioning accuracy. The antenna was evaluated on a 250mm ground plane, integrated into a shark-fin antenna on the same ground plane, and mounted on a vehicle roof. The results from indoor and outdoor testing can be used to estimate receiver position with reduced phase error for different vehicle platforms and antenna locations.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
This document discusses the design and testing of a dual-band ceramic patch antenna for use in automotive GPS applications. It aims to characterize the antenna's phase center variation and offset to enable high-precision positioning. The antenna was tested on a 250mm ground plane, integrated into a shark-fin antenna product, and mounted on a vehicle roof to measure its performance in different scenarios. The results will help estimate receiver position accurately by accounting for phase errors introduced by the antenna geometry.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
This document discusses the design and testing of a dual-band ceramic patch antenna for use in automotive GPS applications. It aims to characterize the antenna's phase center variation and offset to enable high-precision positioning. The antenna was tested on a 250mm ground plane, integrated into a shark-fin antenna product, and mounted on a vehicle roof to measure its performance in different scenarios. The results will help estimate receiver position accurately by accounting for phase errors introduced by the antenna geometry.
DUAL BAND GNSS ANTENNA PHASE CENTER CHARACTERIZATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONSjantjournal
High-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is a prospective technology that will
be used in future automotive navigation systems. This system will be a composite of the United States'
Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System
(GLONASS), China Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the European Union’s Galileo. The
major improvement in accuracy and precision is based on (1) multiband signal transmitting, (2) carrier
phase correction, (3) Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Due to the size and high-cost of today’s survey-grade
antenna solutions, this kind of technology is difficult to use widely in the automotive sector. In this paper, a
low-cost small size dual-band ceramic GNSS patch antenna is presented from design to real sample. A
further study of this patch antenna illustrates the absolute phase center variation measured in an indoor
range to achieve a received signal phase error correction. In addition, this low-cost antenna solution is
investigated when integrated into a standard multi-band automotive antenna product. This product is
evaluated both on its own in an indoor range and on a typical vehicle roof at an outdoor range. By using
this evaluation file to estimate the receiver position could achieve phase motion error-free result.
HOL, GDCT AND LDCT FOR PEDESTRIAN DETECTIONcsandit
In this paper, we present and analyze different approaches implemented here to resolve pedestrian detection problem. Histograms of Oriented Laplacian (HOL) is a descriptor of
characteristic, it aims to highlight objects in digital images, Discrete Cosine Transform DCT with its two version global (GDCT) and local (LDCT), it changes image's pixel into frequencies coefficients and then we use them as a characteristics in the process. We implemented
independently these methods and tried to combine it and used there outputs in a classifier, the new generated classifier has proved it efficiency in certain cases. The performance of those
methods and their combination is tested on most popular Dataset in pedestrian detection, which
are INRIA and Daimler.
HOL, GDCT AND LDCT FOR PEDESTRIAN DETECTIONcscpconf
The document presents and analyzes different approaches for pedestrian detection, including Histograms of Oriented Laplacian (HOL), Global Discrete Cosine Transform (GDCT), and Local Discrete Cosine Transform (LDCT). HOL is used to highlight objects in images while GDCT and LDCT convert images into frequency coefficients that are then used as characteristics for classification. The performance of these individual methods and their combination is tested on popular pedestrian detection datasets like INRIA and Daimler. Experimental results show the new classifier generated by combining the method outputs proves more efficient in certain cases.
This document discusses preliminary dosimetric analysis of target motion effects in 4D tomotherapy and outlines several challenges and potential solutions:
1) Contouring targets across multiple respiratory phases is time-consuming; research consoles can help by propagating contours and creating average images.
2) Planning and dose computation across phases is complex; multiple plans must be evaluated to assess potential underdosing.
3) Initial QA using dynamic phantoms shows dose shifts near targets, underscoring the need for 4D evaluations and potentially larger margins.
4) Further investigations of 4D imaging, planning, dose computation and adaptive techniques are needed to fully account for respiratory motion effects in tomotherapy.
The document discusses the global positioning system (GPS) and how it has changed navigation worldwide. It provides details on the three segments of GPS - the space segment consisting of 24 satellites in orbit, the control segment of 5 ground stations that monitor the satellites, and the user segment of GPS receivers. GPS uses trilateration of radio signals from satellites to determine precise location and timing information for users. Its widespread applications now include navigation, tracking, mapping, and more.
The document proposes the GOAL&GO architecture, which would provide global observations from Lagrange point, pole-sitter, and geosynchronous orbits using small, low-cost spacecraft. This revolutionary concept could monitor Earth's response to climate change and meet needs for disaster monitoring and relief through frequent imaging of the entire globe. The system is designed to evolve over 10-20 years using simple, proven technologies on multiple spacecraft to provide flexible, low-cost Earth observations.
Neural network based image compression with lifting scheme and rlceSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Neural network based image compression with lifting scheme and rlceSAT Journals
This document summarizes a research paper on neural network based image compression using wavelet transforms and lifting schemes. It discusses how wavelet transforms decompose images into frequency bands and how lifting schemes can reduce computational complexity. It also describes multilayer feedforward neural networks and how they can be used for image compression. Specifically, it proposes using a neural network with 64 input nodes, 8 hidden nodes, and 64 output nodes to compress 8x8 pixel blocks of an image by encoding the hidden node weights for transmission instead of the full image pixels. Simulation results showed this approach achieved better compression ratios and image quality than other existing methods.
1-A Fault Tolerant Integrated Navigation Scheme Realized through Online Tunin...Muhammad Ushaq
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Present & Future: Current Progress In Wireless & Communications Research Group
1. ANGKASA Seminar Series 2/2012
PRESENT & FUTURE: CURRENT
PROGRESS IN WIRELESS &
COMMS. RESEARCH GROUP
Ir. Dr. Rosdiadee Nordin, Associate Fellow ANGKASA
2. Rosdiadee Nordin, Gita Mahardhika, Nasharuddin Zainal
Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM
Ahmad Khaldun Ismail, Nurul Saadah, Yap Yah Yun, Ainun Abdul Ghani
Faculty of Medicine, UKM
PRESENT: Applied, Cross-Discipline, Quali. + Quanti.
TransERV: Improvement of Emergency
Medical Response via GPS Navigation
(UKM-GUP-2011-326)
3. INTRODUCTION
• Emergency response vehicle (ERV): essential pre-
hospital service
• Emergency response performance affects emergency
patients’ survivability [1], [2], [3]
• GPS is applicable for improving performance of land
transportation, including emergency response
vehicle [4]
[1] T. H. Blackwell and J. S. Kaufman, "Response Time Effectiveness: Comparison of Response Time and Survival in an Urban
Emergency Medical Services System," Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 9, 2002.
[2] E. B. Lerner and R. M. Moscati, "The golden hour: Scientific fact or medical "Urban Legend"?," Academic Emergency Medicine,
vol. 8, p. 3, July 2001 2001.
[3] J. P. Pell, et al., "Effect of reducing ambulance response times on deaths from out of hospital cardiac arrest: cohort study,"
BMJ, vol. 322, pp. 1385-1388, 2001.
[4] G. Mintsis, et al., "Applications of GPS technology in the land transportation system," European Journal of Operational
Research, vol. 152, p. 11, 2004.
4. CURRENT PRACTICE
• GPS system limited to tracking only, not as navigation
tool
6. RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT (1)
• Coverage area of Emergency Department, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (15 km radius)
• 40 emergency calls, i.e. different coordinates
• Simulation during working days (Mon-Fri, 8 am-5
pm)
• Emergency call served by two different methods:
– First trip, ambulance went to emergency scene using map
navigation
– Second trip, ambulance was following directions and paths
given by GPS device
– Limited to 30 mins (max.) interval to reduce bias
7. RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT (2)
• Each trip consists of response travel and transport travel
– Response: from hospital (base) to scene
– Transport: from scene to base
• VARIABLE(1) : Response/transport time and distance
– map navigation
– GPS navigation
• VARIABLE(2):
– During travel using map navigation:
• Response and transport time estimated by the emergency team
– During travel using GPS navigation:
• Response and transport time calculated calculated by the GPS device
8. RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT (3)
• VARIABLE (3): Profile of paramedics and drivers (19
respondents) includes:
– Years of experience
– Familiarity with ambulance coverage area
– Opinions on relevance of GPS application on emergency
vehicles
• Performance Measurement
– Average speed = Actual distance (km)
travel time (hr)
– Qualitative opinion of emergency team
10. RESULT (2)
Empirical CDF Empirical CDF
1 1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
0.6 0.6
F(x)
F(x)
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 Response average speed using map 0.1 Transport average speed using Map
Response average speed using GPS Transport average speed using GPS
0 0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
x x
CDF of response average speed, CDF of transport average speed,
improvement of 3.21% reduction of 3.08%
11. GPS improves transport time
Result (3): Emergency team’s opinion
Unsure
GPS improve response time 16%
No
Unsure 16%
21%
Yes
68%
No
16% Yes
63% Ambulance service should be equipped with GPS
Unsure
No 5%
11%
Yes
84%
13. CONCLUSIONS
• GPS navigation has higher average speed compare to
map navigation
• Quantitatively, GPS is stated as useful by most
emergency team (paramedics and drivers)
14. *Ibraheem Abdullah Mohammed Shayea, *^Rosdiadee Nordin, *^Mahamod Ismail
*Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
^ANGKASA Space Institute
FUTURE: Fundamental
Carrier Aggregation (CA) Techniques
in LTE- Advanced (4G) Network
(GUP-2012-036)
15. FUTURE OF WIRELESS NETWORKS
• Existing LTE standard (Release 8&9) suffers from limited
capacity and lower transmission data throughput
• LTE-A (Rel. 10) [1] is the potential candidate for IMT-A’s
Fourth Generation (4G) network
• Need several new technology ‘enablers’ to allow higher
throughput
• 3GPP has identified following new technologies:
– Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP)
– Enhanced MIMO
– HetNet
– Self-Organized Network (SON)
– Carrier Aggregation (CA)
[1] 3GPP, TS36.211 V10.4.0 (2011-12) Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels
and modulation
16. OBJECTIVE
• To investigate the impact of different parameters on
the performance of CA technique in the DL for LTE-
Advanced System (throughput and system capacity)
17. INTRODUCTION TO CA
• Carrier aggregation provides higher peak data rate
for UEs based on CA over a wider transmission
bandwidth up to 100 MHz [4]
– Up to 1 Gbps for downlink
– Up to 500 Mbps for uplink
• Possibly to aggregate up to five component carriers
with:
– Contiguous Carrier Aggregation
– Non-contiguous Carrier Aggregation.
[4] István Z. Kovács “Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced (from physical layer to upper layers(layers)”
Workshop Session 10c, (Nokia Siemens Networks, Denmark), Luis Garcia (Aalborg University). 17 June 2011
18. COMPONENT CARRIERS TYPES
Contiguous carrier aggregation Non-contiguous carrier aggregation
• Up to 5 component carriers • Multiple available component
carriers, separated along
• One FFT module and one radio
frequency band
front-end [2]
• Aggregation of fragmented
spectrum [5]
[2] Daren McClearnon and Wu HuanSystem , “LTE-Advanced: Overcoming Design Challenges for 4G PHY
Architectures “ , Agilent Technologies, June 2, 2011.
[5] Yuan G, Zhang X, Wang W, Yang Y. Carrier Aggregation for LTE-Advanced Mobile Communication systems.
IEEE Communications Magazine, 2010;(February):88-93
19. METHODOLOGY (1)
Table 1: Scenarios in the Simulation
• Five scenarios proposed (Table Scenario NO Description
1) Scenario # 1 Non-CA with 1 CC (CC1) ,
CC bandwidth = 20MHz
• Operating carrier frequency Total System BW = 1 * 20MHz = 20 MHz
from 2 GHz for all five carriers’ Scenario # 2 CA with 2 CC (CC1 and CC2) ,
f1, f2, f3, f4 and f5 located in CC bandwidth = 20MHz
the same band with different Total System BW = 2 * 20MHz = 40 MHz
system bandwidth for each Scenario # 3 CA with 3 CC (CC1, CC2 and CC3) ,
CC bandwidth = 20MHz
scenario Total System BW = 3 * 20MHz = 60 MHz
• Antenna gains and Tx power on Scenario # 4 CA with 4 CC (CC1, CC2, CC3 and CC4) ,
five carriers are identical, while CC bandwidth = 20MHz
shadow fading depends on the Total System BW = 4 * 20MHz = 80 MHz
location of the receiver Scenario # 4 CA with 5CC (CC1, CC2, CC3, CC4 and
CC5) CC bandwidth = 20MHz
antenna Total System BW = 5 * 20MHz = 100 MHz
20. METHODOLOGY (2)
3000
• Figure 8 illustrates the
eNB
9
UE simulation scenario in the
2000 8 10
DL LTE-Advanced system
19 7 11
1000 • Unity Frequency Reuse
Distance in meter
6 2
0 18 1 12 Factor (FRF) is used
-1000
5 3
• Each eNB coverage is
17 4 13
hexagon in shape located at
16 14
-2000
it center with radius of 750
15
-3000 m.
• 40 UEs generated randomly
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Distance in meter
Figure 8: LTE cellular layout
21. METHODOLOGY (3)
• The transmitted power for each subcarrier assumed to be
similar across all subcarriers. Cell capacity, which considers
the effect of frequency reuse factor can be expressed as:
• Where
– BW is total system bandwidth (Hz)
– BWeff is system bandwidth efficiency
– SINRα is achieved SINR, α is frequency reuse factor, assumed to
be unity (α =1); i.e. only 1/α of the spectrum can be used by one
cell
– SINReff is SINR implementation efficiency
22. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS (1)
scenario #5, aggregated 5 CCs is 94 Mbps/cell
profit rate scenario #5 achieves user throughput
gains of 20 (#4), 40 (#3), 59 (#2) and 82 (#1)
**Non-CA scenario utilizing 1 CC Mbps/cell
User Throughput with CA Technique Propobility of User Throughput with CA technique
1
100
Non-CA
0.9 CA-2CCs 90
CA-3CCs
0.8
CA-4CCs 80
CDF function for User Throughput
CA-5CCs
0.7
70
User Throughput [Mbps]
0.6
60
0.5
50
0.4
40
0.3
30
0.2
20
0.1
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0
User Throughput [ Mbps] 1 2 3 4 5
1CC 2CC 3CC 4CC 5CC
Figure 11: CDF of average user Figure 12: Average user throughput
throughput
23. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS (2)
CA achieves around 87.5% gain over Non-
CA techniques
Active Users Propobility each time Cell Throughput
0.8 200
Non-CA
180 CA
0.7
The Percentage of Active UE/cell x 100%
160
0.6
140
Cell Throughput [Mbps]
0.5
120
0.4 100
0.3 80
60
0.2
40
0.1
20
0
1 2 3 4 5 0
1CC 2CC 3CC 4CC 5CC 250 300 350 400 450 500
Normalized Distance [meter]
Figure. 13. Average active users per cell Figure. 14. Average cell throughput
everywhere in the cell
24. CONCLUSIONS
• Carrier Aggregation has been introduced in LTE-Advanced
system (Rel 10) to address the following main features:
– Flexible spectrum usage: provide wider system bandwidth up to,
e.g., 100 MHz based on 5 CCs with 20 MHz per CCs
– Higher transmission data rate: peak data rates up to 1Gbps in DL
• Simulation results prove that, implementing CA with higher
numbers of CCs improve system performance in term of
user throughput everywhere in the cell
• Implementing CA enhance system capacity in term of active
user’s numbers in the cell in LTE-Advanced systems