Core human potentialities or forces described in Chapter 1: consciousness and conscious will, a sense of self and personal identity and, vision and hope, have been in synergy – arising with - what will be described as our ‘cognitive (social) structures and potentialities’, those structures and potentialities which foster the creation of potentially rich individual and social realities; hence, the reference to ‘cognitive’ structures and potentialities – those bringing about our ‘human’ world -, but equally, to social structures and potentialities - those bringing about our ‘social’ world -.
Chapter 1: Ethics and our Human Potentialities
Chapter 1 describes our more general or ‘core’ human potentialities, those potentialities at the heart of what it means to be ‘human’ and that in a sense ‘compel us to become who we are’, hence the reference to ‘forces’. In effect, we could also say those potentialities leading to what could be described as our core human qualities.
The following will examine the characteristics and dynamics of these potentialities as they serve to bring about and shape ethical behavior on one hand and on the other, how they are generally affected by ethical dynamics. Specifically, we will examine:
• Consciousness and conscious will;
• A sense of self and personal identity; and,
• Our potential - capacity - for vision and hope.
As the graphic below aims to describe, these core human potentialities – forces – are always in synergy and behave as a whole:
As we proceed, we will focus on the emergence and manifestation of these potentialities – forces - mainly in the context of the individual. Nonetheless, as we will see later, these potentialities are also applicable to our social structures as living systems e.g., our institutions and their organizations, and to our socio-political landscapes small and large as examples, what we often experience in our institutional encounters as institutional ‘consciousness’ or sense of ‘vision’ or, when we travel, what could also be applied to societies as a whole.
Socio-political landscapes – our social 'playing field’ - where domain contributions via ethical dynamics, come together to create evolving and potentially relevant landscape realities. Specifically, this Chapter addresses our socio-political structures:
• Domains – Structures that give social relevance to our cognitive potentialities – an ‘intentionality’;
• Institutions (Individuals and Societies) – Our core socio-political ‘relational’ structures; and,
• Socio-political landscapes – Our ‘playing field’ for the creation of ‘landscape realities’.
Here, ethical dynamics are viewed as dependent on the dynamics of authority and power, those dynamics that reflect our socio-political instincts for survival and growth on our many socio-political landscapes.
Overall, ethics will be viewed as a competitive phenomenon where the ethics of the individual as an example, are mediated on an ongoing basis via the individual’s institutional participation, and similarly for institutions between themselves and, on a broader stage, for our different societies via as an example, international institutions.
This document discusses key characteristics of living systems and their relationship to ethics. It outlines that living systems are defined by cognition, autopoiesis, structural coupling, and dissipative structures. Ethics can be understood as the synergy between these living system dynamics and how they affect the network's ability to self-organize and components to grow. Key ethical questions examine whether landscape dynamics foster the potentialities of the network and its components through open and responsible structures that promote participation and contribution.
Overall, the approach considers that ethics have their origins in our human nature, not in religion or ideology, however important they may have been in shaping our natural impulses. And, since we live and grow in a social milieu, it describes ethics as being driven by our socio-political instincts – politics - for survival and growth (with its ‘ups and downs’) and, that ethics are shaped by whoever – individual or institution – can garner what is described as authority and power.
More specifically, the approach views ethics as the expression of our ongoing or day to day relationship commitments and qualities – generally those that define who we are and what we do -, their associated principles and norms (what is sometimes referred to as ethics), and their hierarchy of core values or ethical aspirations, hence the reference and emphasis on ‘ethical dynamics’, in effect those real life dynamics that impact on what we do and what we bring about.
From a practical perspective, the approach constitutes a multi-dimensional template applicable to an individual, an institution or a social context as a whole e.g., an institution and its organization, while each of its separate frameworks can be used to address specific ethical, and we could also say, performance, issues.
The following describes an approach to ethics as driven by the energies and dynamics of our human potentialities and, giving rise to what we describe as ethical dynamics.
Chapter 5: Growing an Ecology of Mind and Community
Towards an ‘ecology’ of mind and community, ethics will be viewed as the expression of our ‘living’ socio-political instincts for survival and growth (some would say: our politics). As such, ethics are embodied in our three core social (relationship) functions, namely, stewardship, governance, and management. This will mean that:
• ‘Ethical structure’ – the world of our core values or ethical aspirations - will be seen as being in the world of stewardship, a world focused on bringing about as an example, an ethic e.g., justice, equity, and competitiveness, generally in the context of a specific ethical structure, in our individual, institutional and societal pursuits;
• ‘Ethical principles and norms’ will focus on the world of governance, a world of policies and practices, those capable of providing meaning and broader connections to our relationship commitments and qualities by giving them the potential for bringing about the object of our ethical structure -; and,
• ‘Relationship commitments and qualities’ will be viewed as in the world of management, basically a world of relationships – relationship commitments and relationship qualities – those giving life and direction to our results-oriented relationship – management - processes, all of what we do.
Social goods, those realities that we bring forth either as individuals, institutions or societies, in synergy with related social qualities, shape who we are i.e., our core human potentialities: ‘consciousness, conscious will, a sense of self and personal identity, and our vision and sense of hope’, while at the same time being social realities i.e., affecting the core human potentialities of those with who we share our world both as individuals, institutions and society and, in the end, humanity as a whole via our collective human psyche.
Why ethical dynamics?
For most of us, the ‘real’ ethics that matter, what we describe below as the values that inspire us, the principles and norms in our way of dealing with the world and, the relationship commitments and qualities that drive our ongoing behaviors, are specific to each one of us and evolve on the basis of who we hope to become or, more prosaically, to find satisfaction in our lives and avoid the pitfalls that would bring it to an end. We could say, ethics – its components – in the best of circumstances evolve to bring about a world that will contribute to our human development and, for many, our human happiness with its ups and downs.
On the other hand, we know only too well that our ethics as an individual or institution are contingent on those ethical components e.g., values or principles, that will resonate positively with our social or physical environment via relationships that will permit their actualization only on the basis that they will contribute to those ethics that will foster the growth of those others in the relationship. Parents often learn this the hard way when a child decides to leave or, when a politician loses an election badly. One could say ethics are like a dance with some core moves e.g., values, and an infinite number of subtleties that have to be ‘harmonized’ e.g., relationship commitments and qualities, depending on circumstances or opportunities.
The approach is predicated on such a dynamic understanding of who we are and how we go about creating our world.
In summary…
The approach has been motivated by the belief that as ‘human’ beings we are ‘condemned’ to move towards a world of more open, shared and responsible ethical dynamics – however utopian this may seem for many at this point in time - indeed, that the socio-political energies required to bring about the social qualities and social goods needed for our very survival and growth as a species were predicated on the degree of success of such an endeavor; and, from an ethical perspective, we could say that it became our overriding ethical aspiration that this approach – as a social good - help us move towards such a world.
Chapter 1: Ethics and our Human Potentialities
Chapter 1 describes our more general or ‘core’ human potentialities, those potentialities at the heart of what it means to be ‘human’ and that in a sense ‘compel us to become who we are’, hence the reference to ‘forces’. In effect, we could also say those potentialities leading to what could be described as our core human qualities.
The following will examine the characteristics and dynamics of these potentialities as they serve to bring about and shape ethical behavior on one hand and on the other, how they are generally affected by ethical dynamics. Specifically, we will examine:
• Consciousness and conscious will;
• A sense of self and personal identity; and,
• Our potential - capacity - for vision and hope.
As the graphic below aims to describe, these core human potentialities – forces – are always in synergy and behave as a whole:
As we proceed, we will focus on the emergence and manifestation of these potentialities – forces - mainly in the context of the individual. Nonetheless, as we will see later, these potentialities are also applicable to our social structures as living systems e.g., our institutions and their organizations, and to our socio-political landscapes small and large as examples, what we often experience in our institutional encounters as institutional ‘consciousness’ or sense of ‘vision’ or, when we travel, what could also be applied to societies as a whole.
Socio-political landscapes – our social 'playing field’ - where domain contributions via ethical dynamics, come together to create evolving and potentially relevant landscape realities. Specifically, this Chapter addresses our socio-political structures:
• Domains – Structures that give social relevance to our cognitive potentialities – an ‘intentionality’;
• Institutions (Individuals and Societies) – Our core socio-political ‘relational’ structures; and,
• Socio-political landscapes – Our ‘playing field’ for the creation of ‘landscape realities’.
Here, ethical dynamics are viewed as dependent on the dynamics of authority and power, those dynamics that reflect our socio-political instincts for survival and growth on our many socio-political landscapes.
Overall, ethics will be viewed as a competitive phenomenon where the ethics of the individual as an example, are mediated on an ongoing basis via the individual’s institutional participation, and similarly for institutions between themselves and, on a broader stage, for our different societies via as an example, international institutions.
This document discusses key characteristics of living systems and their relationship to ethics. It outlines that living systems are defined by cognition, autopoiesis, structural coupling, and dissipative structures. Ethics can be understood as the synergy between these living system dynamics and how they affect the network's ability to self-organize and components to grow. Key ethical questions examine whether landscape dynamics foster the potentialities of the network and its components through open and responsible structures that promote participation and contribution.
Overall, the approach considers that ethics have their origins in our human nature, not in religion or ideology, however important they may have been in shaping our natural impulses. And, since we live and grow in a social milieu, it describes ethics as being driven by our socio-political instincts – politics - for survival and growth (with its ‘ups and downs’) and, that ethics are shaped by whoever – individual or institution – can garner what is described as authority and power.
More specifically, the approach views ethics as the expression of our ongoing or day to day relationship commitments and qualities – generally those that define who we are and what we do -, their associated principles and norms (what is sometimes referred to as ethics), and their hierarchy of core values or ethical aspirations, hence the reference and emphasis on ‘ethical dynamics’, in effect those real life dynamics that impact on what we do and what we bring about.
From a practical perspective, the approach constitutes a multi-dimensional template applicable to an individual, an institution or a social context as a whole e.g., an institution and its organization, while each of its separate frameworks can be used to address specific ethical, and we could also say, performance, issues.
The following describes an approach to ethics as driven by the energies and dynamics of our human potentialities and, giving rise to what we describe as ethical dynamics.
Chapter 5: Growing an Ecology of Mind and Community
Towards an ‘ecology’ of mind and community, ethics will be viewed as the expression of our ‘living’ socio-political instincts for survival and growth (some would say: our politics). As such, ethics are embodied in our three core social (relationship) functions, namely, stewardship, governance, and management. This will mean that:
• ‘Ethical structure’ – the world of our core values or ethical aspirations - will be seen as being in the world of stewardship, a world focused on bringing about as an example, an ethic e.g., justice, equity, and competitiveness, generally in the context of a specific ethical structure, in our individual, institutional and societal pursuits;
• ‘Ethical principles and norms’ will focus on the world of governance, a world of policies and practices, those capable of providing meaning and broader connections to our relationship commitments and qualities by giving them the potential for bringing about the object of our ethical structure -; and,
• ‘Relationship commitments and qualities’ will be viewed as in the world of management, basically a world of relationships – relationship commitments and relationship qualities – those giving life and direction to our results-oriented relationship – management - processes, all of what we do.
Social goods, those realities that we bring forth either as individuals, institutions or societies, in synergy with related social qualities, shape who we are i.e., our core human potentialities: ‘consciousness, conscious will, a sense of self and personal identity, and our vision and sense of hope’, while at the same time being social realities i.e., affecting the core human potentialities of those with who we share our world both as individuals, institutions and society and, in the end, humanity as a whole via our collective human psyche.
Why ethical dynamics?
For most of us, the ‘real’ ethics that matter, what we describe below as the values that inspire us, the principles and norms in our way of dealing with the world and, the relationship commitments and qualities that drive our ongoing behaviors, are specific to each one of us and evolve on the basis of who we hope to become or, more prosaically, to find satisfaction in our lives and avoid the pitfalls that would bring it to an end. We could say, ethics – its components – in the best of circumstances evolve to bring about a world that will contribute to our human development and, for many, our human happiness with its ups and downs.
On the other hand, we know only too well that our ethics as an individual or institution are contingent on those ethical components e.g., values or principles, that will resonate positively with our social or physical environment via relationships that will permit their actualization only on the basis that they will contribute to those ethics that will foster the growth of those others in the relationship. Parents often learn this the hard way when a child decides to leave or, when a politician loses an election badly. One could say ethics are like a dance with some core moves e.g., values, and an infinite number of subtleties that have to be ‘harmonized’ e.g., relationship commitments and qualities, depending on circumstances or opportunities.
The approach is predicated on such a dynamic understanding of who we are and how we go about creating our world.
In summary…
The approach has been motivated by the belief that as ‘human’ beings we are ‘condemned’ to move towards a world of more open, shared and responsible ethical dynamics – however utopian this may seem for many at this point in time - indeed, that the socio-political energies required to bring about the social qualities and social goods needed for our very survival and growth as a species were predicated on the degree of success of such an endeavor; and, from an ethical perspective, we could say that it became our overriding ethical aspiration that this approach – as a social good - help us move towards such a world.
Chapter 8 describes what would be some of the conditions for an evolving ecology of mind and community from the perspective of social qualities and social goods as one of the avenues for moving towards increasingly ‘open, shared and responsible ethical dynamics’; and, in doing so, it will acknowledge that what we described as the substance of ethics i.e., social qualities and social goods, is also the substance – the world - of an ecology of mind and community.
Chapter 6: Growing an Ecology of Mind and Community
Step 1: Social Potentialities – Institutional dimensions
“Social Qualities”
This chapter and the next two will give us the wherewithal for ‘growing – more consciously - an ecology of mind and community’, one that seeks an evolving and constructive synergy between the world of our mind i.e., that of our human and social potentialities, and of our cognitive (social) structures and potentialities, with those of our core socio-political structures (those structures that we have associated with the individual as a social actor, institutions and their organizations and, more broadly, with society as a whole) and, their social realities.
Functionalism views society as a system of interdependent parts that work together to maintain social order and meet the system's needs. Parsons argues that shared social norms and values create a value consensus that integrates individuals and ensures their behavior meets society's goals. He identifies four subsystems - adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency - that fulfill the system's basic functions. Functionalism has been criticized for being too deterministic and for neglecting conflict and social change.
The document discusses the social system of schools. It defines a social system as (1) a group of interacting elements that form a unified whole, and (2) activities and interactions of groups brought together for a common purpose. Schools are described as social systems characterized by interdependence, a defined population, and differentiation from the environment. Key elements of schools as social systems include structure, individuals, culture, politics, a technical core (teaching and learning), the environment, outputs, feedback, and effectiveness.
Understanding the concepts of culture, society and politicsMaryjoydailo
This document discusses key concepts in anthropology and sociology, including culture, society, and politics. It defines culture as learned, symbolic, integrated, shared, and all-encompassing. Sociologists use three theoretical approaches to study society: structural-functionalism, which views society as a system that promotes stability; social-conflict theory, which focuses on inequality and change; and symbolic interactionism, which sees society as produced through everyday interactions. The document also discusses ethnocentrism, viewing one's own culture as superior, and cultural relativism, understanding cultures in their own contexts.
Managerial challenge to cross cultural management of diversityAlexander Decker
This document discusses cultural diversity and cross-cultural management challenges within organizations. It begins by defining culture and explaining that culture is no longer static due to globalization. It discusses theories of cultural convergence, divergence, and crossvergence which attempt to explain cultural changes. Convergence theory suggests cultures become more similar over time due to common pressures from technology, economics, etc. The document examines challenges of managing differences between national, organizational, and subcultures. Effective cultural management requires understanding how cultures interact and change over time.
The document discusses the life and work of Bill Sutherland, a conscientious objector during WWII who later co-founded civil rights organizations. It notes his work with Martin Luther King Jr. and other leaders on issues of nonviolence, racial justice, and activism in both North America and Africa. Sutherland believed social change required addressing the roots of problems through a language of shared humanity rather than short-term strategies that divide people.
This document introduces the objectives and content of Unit 2 in Sociology. It discusses reflecting on the concept of theory, introducing classical and newer sociological perspectives, and common methodological approaches. The classical perspectives discussed are structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Newer perspectives introduced include feminist theory, queer theory, and postmodern theory. The document also briefly discusses conducting social science research using both quantitative and qualitative methods like surveys, experiments, interviews, and ethnography.
Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist known as the father of functionalism. He argued that societies maintain order and stability through shared value systems that serve to integrate members and reinforce social norms. Durkheim analyzed differences between traditional and modern societies, finding traditional ones had stronger social cohesion through values of solidarity, while modern societies emphasized individualism more, risking anomie without consensus. He used suicide rates to show how social integration affects deviations from social norms.
Society consists of people who live and work together in a defined territory. They interact with each other and share a common culture. Society is a web of social relationships defined by mutual cooperation, division of labor, and both formal and informal social controls that guide people's behavior. While societies change over time as their structures evolve, people still fundamentally require society from birth through death to perform social roles and share norms and values.
This document discusses the ideas of Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian sociologist and philosopher. It summarizes some of his key concepts, including his equilibrium model of society which argues that social equilibrium is affected by both external conditions like the natural environment and history as well as internal elements within society itself. It also discusses Pareto's concept of "residues" which refer to observable mental processes and how he categorized them, including combinations, persistence of aggregates, sentiments through exterior acts, sociability, integrity of personality, and sexuality. Pareto believed inequality in society was natural and that equilibrium aligned with the idea that inequality is inevitable.
Collective conscience refers to the shared beliefs, sentiments, understandings, norms and beliefs of individuals within a society. It forms a system that is greater than any individual conscience. According to Durkheim, collective conscience is realized through individual consciences but exists independently with a life of its own. It is what binds members of a society together by providing a common perspective. Durkheim argued that traditional societies had stronger collective consciences than modern societies.
Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain stability. Key functionalist theorists like Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons believed that social institutions like the family, education, religion, and the economy serve important functions in socializing individuals and promoting social cohesion. Functionalism interprets social change as slow and gradual to preserve social equilibrium. It also sees some social inequalities as inevitable and functional for motivating social mobility. However, functionalism has been criticized for overlooking social conflicts and providing an overly harmonious view of society.
Understanding the concepts of culture, society and politicsMaryjoydailo
This document discusses key concepts related to culture, society, and politics. It covers:
- Aspects of culture including that culture is learned, symbolic, integrated, shared, and all-encompassing.
- Three sociological approaches to studying society: structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction. The structural-functional and social-conflict approaches have a macro-level orientation while symbolic-interaction has a micro-level orientation.
- Definitions of politics including that politics involves the activity of making, preserving, and amending the general rules that people live by, which inevitably leads to conflict and cooperation.
This document discusses different views of ethical behavior, including utilitarianism, individualism, moral rights, and justice-based views. Utilitarianism holds that an action is ethical if it benefits the majority. However, some question if it is ever ethical to harm individuals for the greater good. Individualism prioritizes self-interest, but this can undermine teamwork and common goals. Moral rights views consider things like liberty and free speech, but these can conflict with legal rights. Justice-based views emphasize fairness, equality and impartial treatment through concepts like procedural, distributive, and interactional justice. The document examines examples and debates around applying these perspectives in business and policy contexts.
Key Concepts in Social Work - a personal and philosophical meanderCitizen Network
Social Work is in the social justice business. But what do we mean by social justice? How do overcome the dangers of paternalism and institutionalisation? What do we mean by citizenship? What is the link between needs and rights?
This document discusses identity and integration in Estonia through the lens of regional identity. It begins with an introduction to theories of identity formation from various scholars. It then outlines the methodology used, which involves stimulus-based interviews to understand how Estonians conceptualize their regional identity. The results show that Estonians see themselves as both Nordic and Baltic. Linguistic and historical ties to Finland are most important to them when considering regional identity. While they identify with Latvia and Lithuania in some ways, Estonians also seek to differentiate themselves, particularly regarding religion. The document concludes that Estonian identity demonstrates hybridity and plurality, and that language is a key factor for integration. Security concerns should not be allowed to securitize
The Functionalist theories :Durkheim, kinsley Davis, Willbert MooreM.A Haque
This presentation summarizes functionalist theories of social inequality according to Durkheim, Davis, and Moore. It introduces Durkheim's view of society as comprised of social facts that maintain order and equilibrium. His concepts of mechanical and organic solidarity and the division of labor are explained in relation to the evolution of societies from simple to complex. Davis and Moore's functionalist perspectives are outlined, arguing that social stratification universally motivates individuals to fill important social roles. The presentation critiques the Davis-Moore thesis, questioning whether scarcity of rewards is truly natural rather than artificially imposed.
This document discusses how ideology affects entrepreneurship in Peru. It argues that collective values prevalent in society can jeopardize entrepreneurship, productivity, and wealth creation. Collective values found in tribal societies like solidarity and social responsibility contrast with individualistic values like private property and competition that are more conducive to an open society with a complex economy. The document analyzes how ideologies influence politics and lawmaking, and how laws intended to enhance reality can instead create conflicts and harm the economy by placing obstacles on individuals' freedom.
Lorraine Chung is a UX designer based in Sydney with over 10 years of experience in user research, information architecture, interaction design, and stakeholder engagement. She has worked at companies such as Tigerspike, The Friendly Agency, and LifeAlly, where she conducted user research, created personas and journeys, designed interfaces, and managed projects. Chung has also contributed to arts organizations through marketing, translation, and project assistance.
Chapter 8 describes what would be some of the conditions for an evolving ecology of mind and community from the perspective of social qualities and social goods as one of the avenues for moving towards increasingly ‘open, shared and responsible ethical dynamics’; and, in doing so, it will acknowledge that what we described as the substance of ethics i.e., social qualities and social goods, is also the substance – the world - of an ecology of mind and community.
Chapter 6: Growing an Ecology of Mind and Community
Step 1: Social Potentialities – Institutional dimensions
“Social Qualities”
This chapter and the next two will give us the wherewithal for ‘growing – more consciously - an ecology of mind and community’, one that seeks an evolving and constructive synergy between the world of our mind i.e., that of our human and social potentialities, and of our cognitive (social) structures and potentialities, with those of our core socio-political structures (those structures that we have associated with the individual as a social actor, institutions and their organizations and, more broadly, with society as a whole) and, their social realities.
Functionalism views society as a system of interdependent parts that work together to maintain social order and meet the system's needs. Parsons argues that shared social norms and values create a value consensus that integrates individuals and ensures their behavior meets society's goals. He identifies four subsystems - adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency - that fulfill the system's basic functions. Functionalism has been criticized for being too deterministic and for neglecting conflict and social change.
The document discusses the social system of schools. It defines a social system as (1) a group of interacting elements that form a unified whole, and (2) activities and interactions of groups brought together for a common purpose. Schools are described as social systems characterized by interdependence, a defined population, and differentiation from the environment. Key elements of schools as social systems include structure, individuals, culture, politics, a technical core (teaching and learning), the environment, outputs, feedback, and effectiveness.
Understanding the concepts of culture, society and politicsMaryjoydailo
This document discusses key concepts in anthropology and sociology, including culture, society, and politics. It defines culture as learned, symbolic, integrated, shared, and all-encompassing. Sociologists use three theoretical approaches to study society: structural-functionalism, which views society as a system that promotes stability; social-conflict theory, which focuses on inequality and change; and symbolic interactionism, which sees society as produced through everyday interactions. The document also discusses ethnocentrism, viewing one's own culture as superior, and cultural relativism, understanding cultures in their own contexts.
Managerial challenge to cross cultural management of diversityAlexander Decker
This document discusses cultural diversity and cross-cultural management challenges within organizations. It begins by defining culture and explaining that culture is no longer static due to globalization. It discusses theories of cultural convergence, divergence, and crossvergence which attempt to explain cultural changes. Convergence theory suggests cultures become more similar over time due to common pressures from technology, economics, etc. The document examines challenges of managing differences between national, organizational, and subcultures. Effective cultural management requires understanding how cultures interact and change over time.
The document discusses the life and work of Bill Sutherland, a conscientious objector during WWII who later co-founded civil rights organizations. It notes his work with Martin Luther King Jr. and other leaders on issues of nonviolence, racial justice, and activism in both North America and Africa. Sutherland believed social change required addressing the roots of problems through a language of shared humanity rather than short-term strategies that divide people.
This document introduces the objectives and content of Unit 2 in Sociology. It discusses reflecting on the concept of theory, introducing classical and newer sociological perspectives, and common methodological approaches. The classical perspectives discussed are structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Newer perspectives introduced include feminist theory, queer theory, and postmodern theory. The document also briefly discusses conducting social science research using both quantitative and qualitative methods like surveys, experiments, interviews, and ethnography.
Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist known as the father of functionalism. He argued that societies maintain order and stability through shared value systems that serve to integrate members and reinforce social norms. Durkheim analyzed differences between traditional and modern societies, finding traditional ones had stronger social cohesion through values of solidarity, while modern societies emphasized individualism more, risking anomie without consensus. He used suicide rates to show how social integration affects deviations from social norms.
Society consists of people who live and work together in a defined territory. They interact with each other and share a common culture. Society is a web of social relationships defined by mutual cooperation, division of labor, and both formal and informal social controls that guide people's behavior. While societies change over time as their structures evolve, people still fundamentally require society from birth through death to perform social roles and share norms and values.
This document discusses the ideas of Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian sociologist and philosopher. It summarizes some of his key concepts, including his equilibrium model of society which argues that social equilibrium is affected by both external conditions like the natural environment and history as well as internal elements within society itself. It also discusses Pareto's concept of "residues" which refer to observable mental processes and how he categorized them, including combinations, persistence of aggregates, sentiments through exterior acts, sociability, integrity of personality, and sexuality. Pareto believed inequality in society was natural and that equilibrium aligned with the idea that inequality is inevitable.
Collective conscience refers to the shared beliefs, sentiments, understandings, norms and beliefs of individuals within a society. It forms a system that is greater than any individual conscience. According to Durkheim, collective conscience is realized through individual consciences but exists independently with a life of its own. It is what binds members of a society together by providing a common perspective. Durkheim argued that traditional societies had stronger collective consciences than modern societies.
Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain stability. Key functionalist theorists like Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons believed that social institutions like the family, education, religion, and the economy serve important functions in socializing individuals and promoting social cohesion. Functionalism interprets social change as slow and gradual to preserve social equilibrium. It also sees some social inequalities as inevitable and functional for motivating social mobility. However, functionalism has been criticized for overlooking social conflicts and providing an overly harmonious view of society.
Understanding the concepts of culture, society and politicsMaryjoydailo
This document discusses key concepts related to culture, society, and politics. It covers:
- Aspects of culture including that culture is learned, symbolic, integrated, shared, and all-encompassing.
- Three sociological approaches to studying society: structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction. The structural-functional and social-conflict approaches have a macro-level orientation while symbolic-interaction has a micro-level orientation.
- Definitions of politics including that politics involves the activity of making, preserving, and amending the general rules that people live by, which inevitably leads to conflict and cooperation.
This document discusses different views of ethical behavior, including utilitarianism, individualism, moral rights, and justice-based views. Utilitarianism holds that an action is ethical if it benefits the majority. However, some question if it is ever ethical to harm individuals for the greater good. Individualism prioritizes self-interest, but this can undermine teamwork and common goals. Moral rights views consider things like liberty and free speech, but these can conflict with legal rights. Justice-based views emphasize fairness, equality and impartial treatment through concepts like procedural, distributive, and interactional justice. The document examines examples and debates around applying these perspectives in business and policy contexts.
Key Concepts in Social Work - a personal and philosophical meanderCitizen Network
Social Work is in the social justice business. But what do we mean by social justice? How do overcome the dangers of paternalism and institutionalisation? What do we mean by citizenship? What is the link between needs and rights?
This document discusses identity and integration in Estonia through the lens of regional identity. It begins with an introduction to theories of identity formation from various scholars. It then outlines the methodology used, which involves stimulus-based interviews to understand how Estonians conceptualize their regional identity. The results show that Estonians see themselves as both Nordic and Baltic. Linguistic and historical ties to Finland are most important to them when considering regional identity. While they identify with Latvia and Lithuania in some ways, Estonians also seek to differentiate themselves, particularly regarding religion. The document concludes that Estonian identity demonstrates hybridity and plurality, and that language is a key factor for integration. Security concerns should not be allowed to securitize
The Functionalist theories :Durkheim, kinsley Davis, Willbert MooreM.A Haque
This presentation summarizes functionalist theories of social inequality according to Durkheim, Davis, and Moore. It introduces Durkheim's view of society as comprised of social facts that maintain order and equilibrium. His concepts of mechanical and organic solidarity and the division of labor are explained in relation to the evolution of societies from simple to complex. Davis and Moore's functionalist perspectives are outlined, arguing that social stratification universally motivates individuals to fill important social roles. The presentation critiques the Davis-Moore thesis, questioning whether scarcity of rewards is truly natural rather than artificially imposed.
This document discusses how ideology affects entrepreneurship in Peru. It argues that collective values prevalent in society can jeopardize entrepreneurship, productivity, and wealth creation. Collective values found in tribal societies like solidarity and social responsibility contrast with individualistic values like private property and competition that are more conducive to an open society with a complex economy. The document analyzes how ideologies influence politics and lawmaking, and how laws intended to enhance reality can instead create conflicts and harm the economy by placing obstacles on individuals' freedom.
Lorraine Chung is a UX designer based in Sydney with over 10 years of experience in user research, information architecture, interaction design, and stakeholder engagement. She has worked at companies such as Tigerspike, The Friendly Agency, and LifeAlly, where she conducted user research, created personas and journeys, designed interfaces, and managed projects. Chung has also contributed to arts organizations through marketing, translation, and project assistance.
Quali sono i profili che maggiormente sono attratti dallo shopping online e perché? Come fare il perfetto shopping online senza pentirsi degli acquisti fatti? Durante questo workshop tenuto presso Zalando ho fatto una panoramica sul tema e dato regole e suggerimenti.
Shahram Ghanbari Chelaresi has over 15 years of experience in health promotion and management roles. He has a medical doctor degree from Mashhad University of Medicine and certificates in health quality management and office management. He has worked as a health manager, health inspector, university lecturer, medical practitioner, and inventory control associate. He has strong leadership, planning, documentation, problem-solving, and teamwork skills. He is passionate about health promotion and empowering individuals and organizations to make healthy choices.
The document provides a detailed report on UX research conducted for LifeAlly, a health and wellness platform. The research included a heuristic evaluation, competitive analysis, secondary research on health behaviors, and 18 user interviews. Key findings include barriers to healthy habits being time and lack of motivation. Users were not motivated by rewards and disliked sharing health updates on social media. They preferred a targeted online community for support and guidance. The report concludes with concepts demonstrated in wireframes and suggestions for improving community features, rewards, and making progress more visible on LifeAlly.
Quanto contano immagine e stile in reteAnna Turcato
Quanto contano immagine e stile in rete.
Perché imparare ad usare la moda è una cosa seria e la nostra immagine in rete racconta chi siamo usando strumenti ad ampio spettro.
This document discusses a student's hobby of cooking and creating a meal for school that included breaded chicken bites on skewers, sauteed carrot and beet, potato puree, and a cayenne cream sauce. It also mentions another of the student's hobbies is being a "jack of all trade".
Can we have a conversation about 'ethics'?moineau1
The article describes ethics as embodied in all that we do and, as such, gives rise to 'ethical dynamics - our human way of bringing about our 'human' world. As such, it serves as an introduction to a comprehensive approach to understanding and transforming ethical dynamics: Towards a More Open, Shared and Responsible World.
How Competitive Intelligence Contributes to Effective Business Development fo...Knowing Intelligence
- Law firms are increasingly asked to help clients with corporate strategy and risk mitigation, requiring a better understanding of clients' businesses than ever before. This has increased interest in competitive intelligence solutions.
- Companies face pressure to cut costs and provide greater value, putting pressure on law firms to differentiate themselves. Surveys find new client acquisition and finding competitive advantages are key challenges for law firms.
- Competitive intelligence can help law firms improve knowledge of clients' business models and challenges, to strengthen relationships and attract new clients, as intelligence budgets and solutions grow in popularity among companies. Law firms that incorporate these services are finding they can better meet client needs.
La situación describe cómo una estudiante llamada Karla puede organizar y documentar mejor su trabajo escolar a través del uso de una computadora portátil de forma individual. Karla crea un portafolio digital que incluye varios tipos de medios como videos, audio, texto y gráficos para mostrar su progreso a lo largo del año. El acceso a la tecnología le permite a Karla y sus compañeros evaluarse a sí mismos y entre ellos de manera más amplia que las pruebas tradicionales.
The document outlines partnership packages for Cleveland AMA, a marketing association with over 2,000 members. It details three main partnership levels - Event Partner for $500, Title Partner for $1,000, and Corporate Partner for $3,000. Event Partners receive logo placement and mentions. Title Partners get their name on an event. Corporate Partners get logo placement on the website and newsletters plus complimentary tickets. Custom packages are also available.
This document summarizes a UX revision for a health and wellness website called LifeAlly. It outlines 8 key concepts recommended to improve the user experience based on user research findings. These include revising the landing page, sign-up process, LifeIQ quiz, adding a mentorship feature, emphasizing community, removing tangible rewards, clarifying the value proposition, and improving how goals are presented. Wireframes are provided to demonstrate proposed changes. Suggestions for further improvements are given such as revisiting the point system and content/information architecture. Contact details are provided at the end.
Quanto contano immagine e stile per un freelance - Anna Turcato al FreelancecampAnna Turcato
Quanto contano immagine e stile per un freelance. Il personal branding passa anche dall'immagine. Dalla prima impressione all'appuntamento di lavoro fino alla condivisione delle foto di noi (voluta o meno) sui social network. La coerenza tra immagine e messaggio veicolato è fondamentale.
This document provides an agenda for a workshop on Google Web Toolkit (GWT). The agenda includes an introduction to Ajax and GWT's history. It discusses the main principles of GWT, including that Java code is compiled to JavaScript to run in browsers. It highlights advantages like ease of use, speed, and beautiful UIs. Usage statistics show GWT is widely used, including at Google. The document demonstrates GWT in action through samples and tutorials and leaves time for questions.
Presentación del proyecto de Aula IER La Cordillera edisonrestrepo01
Este documento describe un proyecto de aula en el colegio I.E.R La Cordillera para usar las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) en el desarrollo de competencias y habilidades matemáticas en los grados 3o, 5o y 9o. El proyecto fue realizado como parte de un diplomado en TIC orientado por la Fundación Universitaria Católica del Norte para mejorar la calidad educativa.
Marketing and PR thought-leadership blogger Gini Dietrich presented "Spin Sucks: Marketing, Communication and Reputation Management in the Digital Age" to the American Marketing Association Cleveland Chapter.
Quale è il periodo vintage perfetto per te?
La moda vintage è molto di moda ma non sempre è facile trovare lo stile adatto a noi.
Grazie a questa carrellata dagli anni Venti agli anni Ottanta aiuto a trovare la perfetta combinazione vintage per il proprio fisico e la propria personalità.
This document summarizes some key changes to airport security procedures after 9/11. It notes that security screening became more comprehensive, with additional restrictions placed on liquids, non-travelers accessing gates, and cockpit access. Liquids are now limited to 3 ounces or less in clear plastic bags. Only ticketed passengers can pass security. And the airplane cockpit remains locked for all flights.
This chapter and the next two will give us the wherewithal for ‘growing – more consciously - an ecology of mind and community’, one that seeks an evolving and constructive synergy between the world of our mind i.e., that of our human and social potentialities, and of our cognitive (social) structures and potentialities, with those of our core socio-political structures (those structures that we have associated with the individual as a social actor, institutions and their organizations and, more broadly, with society as a whole) and, their social realities.
How to think of ‘social
reality’?
SOSC 1000
Lecture 4
Jan Krouzil PhD
May 20, 2021
Agenda
Announcements
Part I What is meant by 'social reality’?
Part II Hermeneutic phenomenology
Keywords
Readings & supplementary sources
Part I
What is meant by 'social reality’? (1)
Conceptions of ‘social reality’
‘social realities’ are all around us
think of cocktail parties, football games, bar mitzvahs, political rallies, even nations
all made up of ‘social entities’
‘social entity’ can be defined in reference to ‘the separate existence of an organization that is perceived to exist by its members and the public at large as a given, i.e. something that exists before and outside of them.’
‘social realities’ are creations of not individual human minds, but
collectives of human minds
by their very nature, they are mostly founded on agreement (or contract)
What is meant by 'social reality’? (2)
humans are immersed both physically (somatically) and virtually in
a universe of ever changing ‘social realities’
they play a major role both in determining how humans live and how well they live
the social realm affects not only how humans relate to one another
but also how they interact with the rest of the biological and
physical realms
science, for example, is a complex social undertaking by which humans collectively seek to understand the physical, biological, and even the social realm itself
What is meant by 'social reality’? (3)
The constitution of the ‘social reality’
virtually all social entities are 'plastic’ - their properties change significantly over time, as a result of the purposive and unintentional behavior of the socially constructed individuals who make up a society
organizations, labor unions, universities, churches, and social identities all show a substantial degree of flexibility and fluidity over time, and this fact leads to a substantial degree of heterogeneity among groups of similar social organizations and institutions
the properties of a social entity or practice can change over time
they are not rigid, fixed, timeless; they are not bound into consistent and unchanging categories of entities
such as 'bureaucratic state', 'Islamic society', or 'leftist labor organization’
‘molecules of water preserve their physical characteristics no matter what. But in contrast to natural substances such as gold or water, social things can change their properties indefinitely.' (Little 2007)
What is meant by 'social reality’? (4)
the objects studied by social science include ‘social structure’
e.g., kinship structure, historical events, artistic and political movements, types of government, socio-economic classes, historical eras, technology, and the functioning of a market economy
if there is something like ‘social reality’ then all social
phenomena and thus all objects of social inquiry will be aspects
or parts of it
an account of social reality possible as a comprehensive account of the constitution of all objects o ...
This document provides an introduction to the philosophy of the human person and society. It discusses how individuals form societies through social interactions and pursuing common goals. It also explains how societies influence individuals as they adopt social values, norms, and characteristics from their interactions with different groups and institutions. The document presents perspectives on what defines a person as a Filipino and the relationship between human persons and society. It provides definitions of key terms like social philosophy, society, and examples of how proxemics and social interactions shape people.
Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that focuses on the symbolic meanings that people develop and rely on in social interaction. It analyzes society by addressing the subjective meanings imposed by people on objects, events, and behaviors. According to this perspective, society is socially constructed through human interpretation of each other's behaviors based on the "definition of the situation." Fundamental aspects of social experience and identity like race and gender are understood as social constructs based on socially constructed meanings rather than biological bases. Symbolic interactionism rests on the premises that people act based on meanings of things in their environment, they learn these meanings through social interaction, and symbols like words and gestures acquire shared meaning in a culture through ongoing interaction. An important concept in symbolic interaction
Symbolic interactionism views society as composed of individuals who interact and interpret each other's actions. It focuses on the dynamic process of interaction between individuals and how they construct meanings and social reality. A key concept is the "looking glass self" where individuals see themselves through imagining how others see them. Charles Cooley argued that self and society are reciprocally related and emerge through social interaction. He saw primary groups like family and friends as crucial for developing self-consciousness and social consciousness in individuals.
Sociology is the systematic study of human society and social behavior. This document introduces key concepts in sociology, including defining what a society is, understanding sociological perspectives like micro and macro analysis, and awakening one's sociological imagination. It emphasizes developing a beginner's mind to understand social phenomena without assumptions by seeing everyday life and social interactions in new ways. The sociological imagination requires linking individual experiences to broader social and historical forces.
The document discusses the role of social animators in promoting social change and development in communities. It explains that communities have interconnecting cultural dimensions, including technological, economic, political, institutional, aesthetic, and conceptual dimensions. The social animator acts as a social change agent and must understand how these cultural dimensions interconnect in order to effectively introduce new ideas or technologies without disrupting the community. The animator should see the community as a superorganic system and consider how changes in one cultural dimension will impact other dimensions.
Sosyolohiya, Kultura At Pagpapamilya boaraileeanne
Sociology views human behavior as a consequence of humans being social beings. Culture is defined as the systematic compilation of elements in every aspect of a person's life as a result of co-existence with others. Culture includes shared symbols, technology, roles, ideologies, norms, and values that are learned and transmitted between people in a society rather than through genetic inheritance. Society creates culture through human interaction, and culture in turn shapes human existence and the social world.
Society influences human development in many ways. It establishes norms, laws, and folkways that regulate behavior and provide social order. Society is made up of social systems, roles, groups, and institutions that shape a person's sense of identity. Generational differences in values can also influence development. Overall, humans and society have a reciprocal relationship where they influence each other and neither could exist without the other.
PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.pptxLovellRoweAzucenas
This document outlines key perspectives and theoretical approaches in anthropology, sociology, and political science. It discusses anthropological perspectives like cultural relativism, human diversity, holism, and bio-cultural focus. Sociological perspectives examined include functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interaction. Theoretical approaches covered are functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theory. Political science is defined as studying tendencies and actions not easily quantified, focused on politics and decisions affecting groups.
This document provides an overview of sociology and related concepts. It discusses key sociological thinkers like Marx, Durkheim and Weber. It also summarizes different sociological perspectives like functionalism, conflict theory and symbolic interactionism. Finally, it outlines what sociologists study - how and why people interact in groups, societies and institutions.
1. The document outlines several approaches to social theory including scientific theories that aim to discover universal laws of human behavior, philosophical approaches based on conceptual thinking rather than empirical research, and social theories with a moral vision that see social knowledge as valuable for improving society.
2. Key theorists and their works are discussed including Marx's German Ideology and Capital, Durkheim's study of the division of labor in society, Weber's analysis of the Protestant work ethic and the spirit of capitalism, and Mills' argument about the power elite in major institutions.
3. Contemporary social theorists addressed include Parsons and his functionalist approach to social systems, Berger and Luckmann's social construction of reality, Collins' conflict
Structural Funcionalism, Conflict Theory, And Symbolic...Amy Moore
This document discusses and compares three major sociological theories: structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. It provides a brief overview of each theory, discussing their main tenets and perspectives on society. Structural functionalism views society as a complex system of interrelated parts that work together, like a living organism. Conflict theory focuses on social inequality and competition over limited resources. Symbolic interactionism examines how people interact and develop shared meanings through the use of symbols and language. The document indicates there will be more detail on each theory in the full paper.
The Importance of Self-CareYou will select a minimum of 3 jour.docxcherry686017
This document provides instructions for an assignment on the importance of self-care. Students are asked to create a PowerPoint presentation on self-care for helping professionals using at least 3 journal articles. The PowerPoint must include an introduction slide, at least 10 body slides, and a references slide in APA format. Sources should be cited throughout the presentation. The assignment is due by the end of week 7.
If there is a dumb meta-narrative acting as the framework of our experiences, actions, and life, then we need a more detailed theoretical explanation of how capitalism provides us with social cohesion.
One attempt at this explanation is developed in the Theory of Social Imaginaries by contemporary thinkers such as Gilbert Durand, Michel Maffesoli, Cornelius Castoriadis, and Charles Taylor.
This document discusses the concepts of society and culture from an anthropological perspective. It begins by defining key terms - society refers to complex patterns of social interaction and relationships between people, while culture comprises the shared norms, values and ways of life of a group. The document then examines characteristics of society, including likeness, interdependence and cooperation between members. It provides several definitions of society from different social thinkers and emphasizes that societies are defined by shared cultures as well as territorial boundaries and collective identities.
This document analyzes social capital in the Southwark borough of London. Southwark is highly urban and diverse. The study conducted 24 interviews with organizations and officials in Southwark. The key findings were that respondents felt there was strong social capital in certain groups, but little connection between groups. High population turnover also hindered social capital building. Regeneration projects sometimes disrupted communities and destroyed social capital.
The document discusses the concept of community. It defines community as a place where people come together to share common interests and resources. It outlines several characteristics of a community, including that communities have roles/goals, institutions that define interactions, boundaries, members who share ownership, communication, skills/resources to meet member needs, and teams/groups. It also discusses the rights and responsibilities of communities and characteristics of dysfunctional communities that do not demonstrate these traits.
Exploring Media Theory Lecture 3 Ideology and MarxismMarcus Leaning
This document provides an overview of Marxist perspectives on ideology and the role of media from a lecture. It discusses key concepts like ideology, false consciousness, hegemony, and ideological state apparatuses. Specifically, it examines the theories of Althusser and Gramsci, who argued that ideology is reproduced through social institutions like media, education, and culture, shaping people's beliefs and maintaining the status quo rather than imposing a false view of reality.
The document discusses various theories related to media, collective identity, and national identity. It covers concepts like hegemony, pluralism, collective identity, performance of identity, imagined communities, national culture, and the public sphere. Several key points are made about how media can shape notions of identity and reinforce stereotypes through the framing of issues and lack of questioning of the existing system.
Similar to Ethics (ethical dynamics) - Chapter 2:Ethics and our Cognitive (Social) Structures and Potentialities (20)
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.