1. Prepositions are words that express relations of place, direction, time or possession. Common prepositions include of, to, at, from, till, for, beside, against, up, down, and by. 2. Prepositions can appear alone or in conjunction with a noun phrase to form a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase functions as an adverb, indirect object, subject complement, object complement, or prepositional object in a sentence. 3. Examples of prepositional phrase functions include acting as an adverb with an intransitive verb, as an indirect object with a ditransitive verb, as a subject complement with an intensive verb, as an object complement with a complex

1. Prepositions and Prepositional phrase By Reem Al Mansouri Instructor Dr. Shadia Banjar Lane 334

2. Prepositions: Belong to a small group or class of words which express relations of place, direction, time or possession. Words belonging to this class include , of, to,at,from,till,for,beside,against,up, down ,by and so on .

3. Prepositions can appear alone as in : 1- sally looked up Or in conjunction with a noun phrase as in: 2-Sally looked up the chimney

4. 1- S NP VP N V PP sally looked up

5. 2- S NP VP N V PP P NP DET N sally looked up the chimney

6. 1- Sally looked up S P A 2- sally looked up the chimney S P A PP P (+NP) Function: A

7. Prepositional phrase has five functions: PP P (+ NP) Function: 1- A 2- iO 3- sC 4- oC 5- pO

8. 1- Awith intransitive verb e.g. sally looked up sally looked up the chimney 2- io with ditransitive verb e.g. sue gave a jumper to Oxfam Sue gave a jumper to Oxfam S P dO iO

9. S NP VP N V NP PP [ditrans] DET N P NP Sue gave a jumper to Oxfam

10. 3- sC with intensive verb e.g. George is in the gardenS P sC S NP VP N V PP [intens] P NP DET N George is in the garden

11. 4- oCwith complex- transitive verb e.g. Carol put the car in the garage S NP VP N V NP PP [COMPLEX] DET N P NP DET N carol put the car in the garage

12. 4-Carol put the car in the garage S P dO oC 5- pOwith prepositional verbe.g. The children glanced at the pictures The children glanced at the pictures S P pO

13. S NP VP DET N V PP P NP DET N the children glanced at thepictures

14. Thank you