The document discusses the key components of research proposals and reports. It explains that a research proposal is a written plan that spells out the details of a study in order to get feedback and avoid problems. The major sections of a proposal include the purpose, justification, research question/hypothesis, and definition of terms. A research report follows the same organizational structure and additionally includes a background literature review, procedures, findings, and discussion/conclusion sections. The purpose, justification, question/hypothesis and definitions are essential parts of framing the study in the proposal.