Trade unions are permanent associations formed by employees or workers to secure economic and social benefits for their members. They negotiate with employers on issues like wages, working conditions, bonuses, and participation in management. The Indian workforce consists of 430 million workers, with rural workers making up 60% and the organized sector employing 8%. Trade unions represent different types of workers like skilled craft workers, industrial workers, and white-collar employees. They work to minimize discrimination, give workers a sense of security and participation, and improve relationships between employers and employees. However, trade unions also face challenges like uneven growth, limited membership, financial problems, and indifference from some workers.

1. TRADE UNIONS
 Presented by AYISHA KOWSAR A

2. Trade Union:
 Trade Unions is an association either of employees or
employers or of independent workers.
 It is relatively permanent formation of workers. It is not a
temporary or casual combinations of workers.
 It is formed to secure certain economic, social benefits to workers.

3.  To improve the economic lot of employees by securing for them better
wages.
 To secure better working conditions for workers.
 To secure bonus for the employees from the profit of the concern.
 To protect the interest of employees by taking active participation in the
management.
 To secure social welfare of the employees.
 To secure organizational stability, growth & stability.

4.  Negotiating pay and condition.
 Giving advice and information.
 Defending employees rights : Like , the problems of new technology,
complicated payments system.
 Resolving conflicts.

5.  The Indian workforce consists of 430 million workers, growing 2%
annually. The Indian labor markets consist of three sectors:
 Rural workers , who constitute about 60% of the workforce.
 Organized sector, which employs 8% of workforce and
 Urban informal sector, (which includes the growing software industry
and other service, not included in the formal sector) which constitutes
the rest 32% of the workforce……………….

6. Craft/ Skill Union: These unions represents the skilled workers.
Eg: Musician, Unions
Industrial Union : These unions represents the different industries
Eg: Fire Brigade Union
General Union: These represent workers from different industries &
any level of skills.
Eg: Indian National Trade Union Congress
White Collars Union: They represents office workers.
Eg: National Union of Teachers

7.  Employer Associations
 Business join together to form a association.
 Strength in numbers.
 Improved conditions of employment.
 Improved benefits.
 Improved workplace environment.
 Improved job satisfaction.
 Advice & Financial support.

8.  Trade rules in textiles and clothing have changed and new changes can
be expected in the near future.
 Therefore there is a need to adjust to the new rules and to prepare for
future development.
 Less barriers to trade also increases competition, in particular costs
competition.
 It leads to consolidation of the supply chain and stronger position of
buyers,

9.  Greater bargaining power.
 Minimize Discrimination.
 Sense of Security.
 Sense of Participation.
 Sense of Belongingness.
 Platform for self expression.
 Betterment of relationship,.

10.  To protest & take industrial action.
 To consultation about changes in work practice.
 To recruit new members.
 To negotiate on their members behalf.
 Participation in election.
 Participation in Industrial action.

11.  To work with in law.
 To listen to members view.
 To not pressurize non members to join.
 To keep their members informed .
 Vote in election.
 Report problem to representatives.
 Act within the law when taking part in action.

12.  Uneven Growth.
 Limited Membership.
 Multiplicity of Unions.
 Outside Leadership.
 Financial Problems.
 Indifferent attitude of workers.