The student thanks their teacher for the opportunity to do a project on creating cremation diamonds from ashes. Cremation diamonds are real diamonds created from the cremated remains of a loved one through a process of converting the carbon in the ashes to pure carbon, creating a core, and placing it under high temperature and pressure to form a diamond. The process involves 5 steps - preparing the ashes into a powder, converting it to pure carbon, making a carbon core, placing the core under heat and pressure to form a diamond, and finally cutting and polishing the rough diamond. Cremation diamonds provide a meaningful way to memorialize and keep loved ones close.
It contains the occurrence, extraction and metallurgy,
Physical and chemical properties and applications,
Compounds of metals of
Zirconium, Hafnium and Niobium
Chemistry Investigatory project on "Study of constituents of an alloy"Swaroop Somanna
This is a CBSE class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project on the topic "Study of constituents of an alloy".
THIS PROJECT HAS ALREADY BEEN SUBMITTED TO THE RESPECTIVE SCHOOL BY THE AUTHOR AND MUST NOT BE COPIED.
This project must only be used for idea gaining and reference purpose.
General principles and process of isolation 2017nysa tutorial
this is based on MHCET, JEE, NEET, CBSE, ICSE, HSC board.
subject- chemistry.
it is based on CBSE, ICSE, HSC ,JEE, NEET, AIPMT, MTCET.
class 12 chemistry.
for buy ppt pay by paytm acount- 8879919898. price-Rs99 only/-
for more detail go my site
www.akchem.blogspot.com
akchem.tk
It contains the occurrence, extraction and metallurgy,
Physical and chemical properties and applications,
Compounds of metals of
Zirconium, Hafnium and Niobium
Chemistry Investigatory project on "Study of constituents of an alloy"Swaroop Somanna
This is a CBSE class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project on the topic "Study of constituents of an alloy".
THIS PROJECT HAS ALREADY BEEN SUBMITTED TO THE RESPECTIVE SCHOOL BY THE AUTHOR AND MUST NOT BE COPIED.
This project must only be used for idea gaining and reference purpose.
General principles and process of isolation 2017nysa tutorial
this is based on MHCET, JEE, NEET, CBSE, ICSE, HSC board.
subject- chemistry.
it is based on CBSE, ICSE, HSC ,JEE, NEET, AIPMT, MTCET.
class 12 chemistry.
for buy ppt pay by paytm acount- 8879919898. price-Rs99 only/-
for more detail go my site
www.akchem.blogspot.com
akchem.tk
Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials made from compounds of a metal and a non metal. Ceramic materials may be crystalline or partly crystalline.
The word ceramic comes from the Greek word keramiko of pottery" or for pottery from keramos
The Step by Step Process of Extracting Iron from its Ore using the Blast Furnace with details of Chemical Reactions. Question Answers based on the process of extraction of metals.
Buckyball is the common name for a molecule called Buckminsterfullerene.
which is made of 60 carbon atoms formed in the shape of a hollow ball.
British scientist Harry Kroto discovered it in 1985.
The arrangement of the atoms resembled the shape of the geodesic domes invented by architect Buckminster Fuller.
Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials made from compounds of a metal and a non metal. Ceramic materials may be crystalline or partly crystalline.
The word ceramic comes from the Greek word keramiko of pottery" or for pottery from keramos
The Step by Step Process of Extracting Iron from its Ore using the Blast Furnace with details of Chemical Reactions. Question Answers based on the process of extraction of metals.
Buckyball is the common name for a molecule called Buckminsterfullerene.
which is made of 60 carbon atoms formed in the shape of a hollow ball.
British scientist Harry Kroto discovered it in 1985.
The arrangement of the atoms resembled the shape of the geodesic domes invented by architect Buckminster Fuller.
Recent advances in dental porcelain materials / cosmetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Quartz is found in almost every geological environment. It is a common constituent in most of the rock types and soil groups. Granite, sandstone, limestone, and most of the igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks contain quartz. Quartz contains mainly oxygen and silicon. These two constituents make upto 75 % of the earth’s crust. An alternate name for the Quartz Group is the Silica Group.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Preparation of cremation Diamonds (DNA 2 DIAMONDS)
1.
2. We would like to express our special
thanks of gratitude to our class teacher
Miss Promila Kohli , who gave us the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic DNA TO DIAMONDS
(preparation of cremation diamonds),
which also helped us in doing a lot of
Research and we came to know about so
many new things we are really thankful to
her.
Secondly we would also like to thank our
parents and friends who helped us a lot in
finalizing this project.
3. Cremation Diamonds are real, certified, high-quality cremation
jewellery diamonds. A beautiful Cremation Urn alternative created
from the cremation ashes of your loved one.
All cremation diamonds are individually authenticated, inspected,
graded and identified by our world-renowned and highly trained
gemologists. With each certified, high-quality, cremation diamond,
companies (like Lifegem, Cremation solution,etc.) offer an exclusive
diamond guarantee against any and all defects.
Cremation diamonds are a one of a kind style of cremation jewellery
and a meaningful alternative to cremation urns. A true memorial to a
unique life. Embrace your cremation diamond jewellery as
a personal precious bond.
These diamonds provide way to embrace your loved ones memory
day by day and quickly become a family heirloom. Cremation urns
can still be used to hold the remaining ashes. The cremation
diamond is the most unique and timeless cremation jewellery tribute
available. Create a testimony to their unique life.
4. Carbon is chemical element with symbol C, and atomic
number 6, a non-metal which has two main forms
(diamond and graphite) and which also occurs in impure
form in charcoal, soot, and coal.
The picture showing different forms of carbon in nature.
5. Carbon is capable of forming many allotropes due to its
valency. Well-known forms of carbon include diamond and
graphite. In recent decades many more allotropes and
forms of carbon have been discovered and researched
including ball shapes such as buckminsterfullerene and
sheets such as graphene. Other unusual forms of carbon
exist at very high temperature or extreme pressures.
6. Major Allotropes of carbon:
(a) Diamond,
(b) Graphite,
(c) Lonsdaleite,
(d) C60 (Buckminsterfullerene).
7. In mineralogy, diamond is a metastable allotrope of
carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a
variation of the face - centered cubic crystal structure
called a diamond lattice.
Diamond is renowned as a material with superlative
physical qualities, most of which originate from the
strong covalent bonding between its atoms. In
particular, diamond has the highest hardness and
thermal conductivity of any bulk material. Those
properties determine the major industrial application of
diamond in cutting and polishing tools and the scientific
applications in diamond knives and diamond anvil
cells.
8. STRUCTURE –
In diamond each carbon atom is linked to other four carbon
atoms(by covalent bonding). The structure extends in space and
produces a rigid 3-D network of carbon atoms. It is very difficult to
break extended covalent bonds therefore diamond is a hardest
substance on Earth.
USES –
Because diamonds are so hard and durable, they are ideal for
grinding, cutting, drilling, and polishing. When used as an abrasive,
very small pieces of diamond are embedded into grinding wheels,
9. 1. Receiving the carbon source
Diamond specialists take the sample of ashes and
places it in a special container to create a fine powder
necessary for chemical analysis.
Making sample of ashes into powder. Powder prepared from sample of
ashes.
10. 2. Converting sample to pure carbon
High temperature Owen heats the sample to nearly
2000 ˚ F for three hours converting the sample into pure
personal carbon. Personal carbon is mixed with some
natural carbon in order to ensure sufficient amount for
creation process.
Putting powdered sample into Owen.
Pure carbon formed after heating.
11. 3. Creating the core(of personal carbon)
Core of carbon is prepared by placing the fine powder
under hydraulic press. The prepared core is further
used for preparation of diamond.
Step 1 step 3
Step 2
12. Next, the core is prepared for placement in the heart of
the diamond incubator.
A prepared core of carbon A very small diamond seed is placed
inside
ceramic core along with compressed carbon
core
The final core is prepared (small white box).
13. 4. Placing the final core under high
temperature and pressure
The finished final core is placed inside the diamond growth
chamber.
Finished core is enclosed inside Enclosing and interlocking the chamber
growth chamber. with small and large steel shells.
14. The enclosed chamber is put under high pressure – high
temperature for 2 to 3 days (depending upon the carat
size).
Approx. 60,000 atm pressure
15. 5. The Final Process
(a) Taking out the diamond
All of the layered part shown earlier are removed over
the ceramic core remaining.
Removing high – temp. and pressure from Taking out steel shells over
the
shells covering core. core (the white object in
centre).
16. The core is cracked open. Your rough diamond wrapped
in a thin metal slave is revealed.
(b) Cleaning
The rough diamond is cleaned by
putting it into an acid solution.
17. (c) Cutting and Polishing
After being cut and polish it would be graded by
Gemmological Institute. After that it would be sent to
you in a luxurious presentation package to show its
beautiful fire, brilliance and lustre.
19. 3.
( UK )
Cremation diamonds costs a lot. In India cremation
diamonds cost ranges from 1.5 Lac to Crores
(depending upon carat, colour, cutting, clarity and shape
).