The document discusses various research concepts including search, research, qualitative vs quantitative data, types of research designs, and conceptual frameworks. Some key points: - Research refers to a systematic investigation to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It involves examining a subject more closely to improve understanding of a theory or application. - Qualitative research deals with words and meanings to understand concepts, thoughts, and experiences. Quantitative research deals with numbers and statistics to confirm or test theories. - Common research designs include narrative research, phenomenological research, grounded theory, case studies, ethnography, and content analysis. Each has distinct characteristics in how data is collected and analyzed. - A conceptual framework graphically shows the relationships between

2. 1. What is Search?
▪An act of find something, which has lost
before or missing.
▪For example, I am searching for my
mobile.
▪ The birds search for insects.

3. 1. What is “Research?
▪refers to a search for knowledge.
▪In fact research is an art of scientific
investigation.
▪It is a systematic act of examining or
questioning into a subject for improved
(revise) fact, theory or application etc.

4. 1.Qualitative VS. 2. Quantitative
When collecting and analyzing data, quantitative research deals
with numbers and statistics, while qualitative research deals with
words and meanings. Both are important for gaining different kinds
of knowledge (Streefkerk, ed. 2020).
• Use quantitative research if you want to confirm or test something
(a theory or hypothesis)
• Use qualitative research if you want to understand something
(concepts, thoughts, experiences)

5. Qualitative vs Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
Overview:
•Deals with descriptions.
•Data can be observed but
not measured.
•Colors, textures, smells,
tastes, appearance,
beauty, etc.
•Qualitative → Quality
Quantitative Data
Overview:
•Deals with numbers.
•Data which can be
measured.
•Length, height, area,
volume, weight, speed,
time, temperature,
humidity, sound levels,
cost, members, ages, etc.
•Quantitative → Quantity

6. Example 1: Oil Painting
Qualitative data:
*red/green color, gold frame
*smells old and musty
*texture shows brush strokes of oil paint
*peaceful scene of the country
*masterful brush strokes
Example 1: Oil Painting
Quantitative data:
*picture is 10" by 14”
•with frame 14" by 18”
* weighs 8.5 pounds
•surface area of painting is 140 sq.
in.
*cost $300

7. Example 2: Latte
Qualitative data:
*robust aroma
*frothy appearance
* strong taste
*glass cup
Example 2: Latte
Quantitative data:
*12 ounces of latte
*serving temperature 1500 F.
*serving cup 7 inches in height
*cost $4.95

8. Example 3: Freshman Class
Qualitative data:
*friendly demeanors
*civic minded
*environmentalists
*positive school spirit
Example 3: Freshman Class
Quantitative data:
*672 students
*394 girls, 278 boys
*68% on honor roll
*150 students accelerated in
mathematics

9. Make one qualitative observation about the picture above.
Explain why this is a qualitative observation.
Make one quantitative observation about the picture above.
Explain why this is a quantitative observation.

10. Make one qualitative observation about the picture above.
Explain why this is a qualitative observation.
Make one quantitative observation about the picture above.
Explain why this is a quantitative observation.

11. 1. Narrative Research
2. Phenomenological Research
3. Grounded Theory
4. Action Research
5. Case Study
6. Ethnographical Research
7. Historical Research
8. Content Analysis

12. 1. Narrative Research
▪ analysis of the characteristics of the narrative text
▪ people’s narratives either about themselves or a set of events
▪ Ex. Story of Tin: Narrative Inquiry Into Experiences of First Philippine
K-12 Graduate
2.Phenomenological Research
• people’s everyday life experiences
• Ex. “A Phenomenological Study On The Lived Experience Of The Out-Of-
Field Mentors”

13. 3.Grounded Theory
❖approach to theory development grounded/rooted in the data rather than
empirical testing of the theory
❖Ex. used by the HR department. For instance, they might study why employees
are frustrated by their work. Employees can explain what they feel is lacking.
HR then gathers this data, examines the results to discover the root cause of
their problems and presents solutions.
4Action Research
➢integrates theory and action
➢Ex. “Improving the Basic Writing Skills of Grade 7 Learners in Filipino: An
Action Research in Filipino Language”

14. 5.Case Study
▪ Researcher makes an in-depth exploration of a program, an event,
an activity, a process, or one or more individuals
▪ Ex. “Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Philippines Case
Study within the Leyte Region”
6.Ethnographical Research
• prolonged observations from the group’s everyday life (behaviors,
values, and interactions among the members of the group are
deeply studied, described, and interpreted by the researcher).
• Ex. “Cultural Beliefs and Practices of Ethnic Filipinos: An
Ethnographic Study”

15. 7.Historical Research
▪ Critical investigation of events, development, and experiences of the past, careful
consideration of past testimonies from the perspective of information sources validity,
and subsequent interpretation of the concerned testimonies.”
▪ Ex. “Heritage in Cebu City, the Philippines: A Study of “Competitive” Heritage”
8.Content Analysis
➢analyzing hymns, newspapers and magazines, articles, advertisements, and political
speeches
➢Ex. “Matibay o Marupok?: A Content Analysis on the Representation of Women in the
Three Highest-grossing Filipino Films”
➢Ex. Studying During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Inductive Content
Analysis of Nursing Students’ Perceptions and Experiences

16. Chapter I

17. Chapter II
Chapter III
Chapter IV
Chapter V

18. A variable is an object, event, idea, feeling, period of time, or
any other type of category which can be measured.
.
cause changes in the subject.
bear or manifest the effects caused by the independent
variable

19. EFFICACY OF YOUTUBE ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE STUDENTS’ ATTIDUDES ON
SCIENCE USING POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
EFFECTS OF ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE GRADE 12 HUMSS
STUDENTS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

20. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY discusses in depth about the topic,
whereas the introduction only gives an overview
The Problem
The first chapter of research is entitled The Problem or The
Problem and its background. Its purpose is to introduce the
problem, clarify important variables and its delimitations, and its
significance to the field of study.

21. This part of the introduction is confined
with a broader explanation behind the reasons
for doing the study. In this section, you also
discuss your intention for conducting it. More
so, you state the results that you expect to
discover from your study. Usually, your
purpose or objective of the study is related to
your statement of the problem or hypothesis.
OBJETIVES OF THE STUDY

22. The objective of the study is to determine which of the two coaching styles,
specifically autocratic and participative, will best influence dancers in increasing dance
performance.
The main objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of video-based
instruction in teaching selected Anatomy and physiology concepts on student’s learning
among BSE-Biology students.
Specifically, the study aimed to:
1. determine the significant difference between the pretest scores of the
Experimental Group and Control Group;
2. determine the significant difference between pretest and posttest scores of the
Experimental Group.
3. determine the significant difference between pretest and posttest scores of the
Control Group;
4. determine the significant difference between the posttest scores of the
Experimental and Control Groups; and
5. determine the significant difference between the mean gain scores of the
Experimental and Control Groups.
OBJETIVES OF THE STUDY (sample)

23. OBJETIVES OF THE STUDY (sample)

24. This refers to a model which explains how
variables are interrelated. This guides the
researcher by making the direction of the
research clearer understanding of the
theoretical or conceptual framework is a
diagrammatic presentation of the study called
the paradigm
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

25. A conceptual framework is a graphical presentation of your concepts
or ideas on the basic structure or components of your research as well as on
the relationships of these elements with one another. It is a graph or non-
prose material, specifically, a schematic diagram that shows a well-ordered
elements of the research. Giving a carefully constructed arrangement of the
component of your study, the conceptual framework is a broad outlined or
plan to give shape to your research.
A framework is similar to a skeleton; it is a basic structure or a
framework reference. It is designed to support or enclose something. As a
skeleton gives shape, form, and strength to the body so it can stand erect, so
do different concepts, and theories. They serve as the building blocks (or
“skeleton”) to strongly clarify the bases of the study.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

26. A conceptual framework is a graphical presentation of your concepts
or ideas on the basic structure or components of your research as well as on
the relationships of these elements with one another. It is a graph or non-
prose material, specifically, a schematic diagram that shows a well-ordered
elements of the research. Giving a carefully constructed arrangement of the
component of your study, the conceptual framework is a broad outlined or
plan to give shape to your research.
A framework is similar to a skeleton; it is a basic structure or a
framework reference. It is designed to support or enclose something. As a
skeleton gives shape, form, and strength to the body so it can stand erect, so
do different concepts, and theories. They serve as the building blocks (or
“skeleton”) to strongly clarify the bases of the study.
SAMPLE

27. A conceptual framework is a graphical presentation of your concepts
or ideas on the basic structure or components of your research as well as on
the relationships of these elements with one another. It is a graph or non-
prose material, specifically, a schematic diagram that shows a well-ordered
elements of the research. Giving a carefully constructed arrangement of the
component of your study, the conceptual framework is a broad outlined or
plan to give shape to your research.
A framework is similar to a skeleton; it is a basic structure or a
framework reference. It is designed to support or enclose something. As a
skeleton gives shape, form, and strength to the body so it can stand erect, so
do different concepts, and theories. They serve as the building blocks (or
“skeleton”) to strongly clarify the bases of the study.
SAMPLE

28. ❖Provides a backdrop as to how the study
will make a contribution to current
knowledge and/or practice. This also
indicates the group of people and/or
institutions to which findings of the
study will prove to be relevant.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

29. • Significance is essentially the
justification for the study.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

30. • Significance is essentially the
justification for the study.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

33. ✓ Is determined by the major variables
while the delimitation is identified by
the sub-variables and their
characteristics, attributes or the
indicators. It is also beneficial to
mention the locale or setting of the
research when the data will be
gathered.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

34. ❖

35. ❖For clearer understanding and
comprehension, the different
terms used in the study must be
defined. Definitions can be done
conceptually, operationally, or a
combination of both.
DEFINITION OF TERMS/OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

38. Chapter II

39. THE REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
❑published materials like reference books, textbooks, manuals, encyclopedias,
dictionaries, bulletins, broadsheets, journals, periodicals, etc. in addition to these
printed materials, there are also electronic references from the Internet.
Ex. The Literature of McShane (2005), Hayden (2005), Goodbog (2009), and Aadmodt
(2001) explain the five perspectives of leadership. These are Competency (Trait)
Perspective of Leadership, Behavioral Perspective, Contingency Perspective,
Transformational Perspective, and implicit Leadership Perspective.
THE REVIEW RELATED STUDIES
compare and contrast his/her findings with those of past studies.The ststudies of theses,
dissertations, or journal articles
➢Ex.In the study of Gilakjani (2012), one of the most important uses of technology is
that it makes it easy for instructors to incorporate multimedia into their teaching.

40. Chapter III

43. RESEARCH DESIGN
refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of
the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address
the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and
analysis of data.
RESEARCH RESPONDENTS/PARTICIPANTS
Individuals or group or groups of people that serve/s as the source of information during
data collection.

45. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT OF THE STUDY
Individuals or group or groups of people that serve/s as the
source of information during data collection.
(responses through the questionnaires, SURVEYS,
OBSERVATIONS, INTERVIEWS, TESTS)
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
Comments about the role of the researcher set the stage for
discussion of issues involved in collecting data.

46. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE SAMPLE

47. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT OF THE STUDY

49. STATISTICAL TREATMENT
a catch all term which means to apply any statistical method to
your data.
✓ Atlas.ti (http:/ /www.atlasti.com)
✓MAXqda (http:/ /www.maxqda.com/)
✓QSR NVivo (http://www.qsrinternational.com/)
✓ Hyper RESEARCH (http:/ /www.researchware.com/).

50. STATISTICAL TREATMENT

51. Chapter IV

54. Chapter V

56. American Psychological Association
(APA)
•
• Step 1. Let’s begin with the surnames of the Authors. In alphabetical order (the order of the
surnames of the authors, not their names), write the surname which started first in the alphabet
followed by the initials of their Names, secondly by the next author’s surname and initial’s name, and the
third author’s surnames and initial’s name.
• Step 2. The year the thesis published enclosed by parenthesis and end with a period.
• Step 3. The title of the thesis/research paper.
• Step 4. The Location
• Step 5. The publisher, volume number, and page range.
• Step 6. Retrieved date and Web address. Example: Retrieved on August 07, 2020, from
httpss://www.researchgate.net/publication/229349436.
•

58. Step 1. Let’s begin with the surnames of the Authors. In alphabetical order (the order of
the surnames of the authors, not their names), write the surname which started first in the
alphabet followed by the initials of their Names, secondly by the next author’s surname and
initial’s name, and the third author’s surnames and initial’s name.
Step 2. The year the thesis published enclosed by parenthesis and end with a period.
Step 3. The title of the thesis/research paper.
Step 4. The Location
Step 5. The publisher, volume number, and page range.
Step 6. Retrieved date and Web address. Example: Retrieved on August 07, 2020, from
httpss://www.researchgate.net/publication/229349436.

60. GRAMMARLY
-for checking the grammars of
your papers

61. paraphrasing tools
https://www.paraphraser.io/

63. Google scholar
Google site
Eric
ResearchGate
Microsoft Academic
BASE