The document discusses parallelism in English grammar. Parallelism is the repetition of the same grammatical structure in different parts of a sentence. It is commonly used in sentences with elements in a series or pair. Faulty parallelism occurs when the structures are not parallel. Examples are given of parallel and non-parallel phrases and clauses. The document also provides examples to determine whether sentences demonstrate parallel structure or not.

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Parallelism

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PARALLELISM/PARALLEL STRUCTURE
In English grammar, parallelism is the
repetition of the same structure or grammatical
form in two or more parts of a sentence.
“It is better to
give than
receiving.”
“It is better to give
than to receive.”

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It is commonly used in sentences containing
elements that appear in a series or in pair.
Reading novel books, writing poems, and
sharing my knowledge are the things that I
love to do.
PARALLELISM/PARALLEL STRUCTURE

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NOTE: If the structures of a sentence
are not parallel, it is called
FAULTY PARALLELISM
“It is better to give than receiving.”
to receive

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1. Two or more words of the same
parts of speech
Example #1
FAULTY: Rhea is young, beautiful, and thinks maturely.
PARALLEL: Rhea is young, beautiful, and mature.
Example #2
FAULTY: Ms. Kath works efficiently and she is effective.
PARALLEL: Ms. Kath works efficiently and effectively.

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Example #3
PARALLEL:
I brought a book, a pen, and a notebook.
I brought a book, pen, and notebook.
I brought a book, a pen, and an eraser.

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2. Two or more phrases of the same
type
Example #1
FAULTY: She planned to collect data by either using an
online survey or conduct phone interviews.
PARALLEL: She planned to collect data by either using
an online survey or conducting phone
interviews.

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Example #2
FAULTY: The old lion asked Jake to let it out of the
trap and saving it from the rain.
PARALLEL: The old lion asked Jake to let it out of the
trap and to save it from the rain.
Example #3
PARALLEL:
Jennifer likes to bike, to jog, and to dive.
Jennifer likes to bike, jog, and dive.

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3. Two or more clauses of the same
pattern and kind
Example #1
FAULTY: Of the three contestants, I was the smartest,
Josh was the best looking, Jane’s talents
impressed me.
PARALLEL: Of the three contestants, I was the smartest,
Josh was the best looking, Jane was the
most talented.

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Example #2
FAULTY: It was stated in the report card that the
student often talked in class, that he bullied
other students, and rarely finished his
homework.
PARALLEL: It was stated in the report card that the
student often talked in class, that he bullied
other students, and that he rarely finished
his homework.

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PARALLELISM IN DEFINITION
Directions: Determine whether the following sentences
are parallel in structure or not.
1. Memory is something remembered in the past. It can
be stored within the mind, in a photo album, or
captured in a mobile phone.
2. Hobby pertains to an activity done regularly in one’s
leisure time. It can be reading books, to ride a bicycle,
and playing mobile games.

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3. A responsible student knows his/her priorities,
does his/her responsibilities, and is showing effort in
doing his/her tasks.
4. Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) Health Protocols are
guidelines that must be followed amidst COVID-19.
Wearing of face-mask, maintaining social distancing,
and wash hands are some of its examples.

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ACTIVITY
Directions: Determine whether the following sentences
are parallel in structure or not.
1. They like playing games, riding bicycles and cooking
food.
2. Mary likes to hike, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
3. The author wrote skillfully and quick.
4. The company is looking for a candidate who is friendly,
organized, and is going to arrive to work on time.
5. Ben is a talented reader, writer, and is good at speaking.

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Thank
you!