Parallelism is the balance within sentences of similar grammatical structures like phrases, clauses, or words. Applying parallelism improves writing style, readability, and comprehension by making sentences easier to process. The rules of parallelism require using similar grammatical forms for lists, phrases, clauses and sentences to avoid awkwardness and promote clarity.

1. Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC)
Use parallel structures.

2. PARALLELISM
-a.k.a. parallel structure or parallel
construction
-a balance within one or more
sentences of similar phrases or
clauses that have the same
grammatical structure.

3. The application of parallelism
improves writing style and
readability, and is thought to
make sentences easier to
process.

4. Parallelism

5.  the balance between two or more
similar words, phrases or clauses,
sentences
 a.k.a. parallel structure or parallel
construction
PARALLELISM

6.  makes sentences easier to process
parallel construction prevents
awkwardness, promotes clarity
and improves writing style and
readability
PARALLELISM

7. RULES in
Parallelism

8. WORDS AND PHRASES
With the -ing form (gerund)
Parallel:
Jhoanne likes writing, swimming,
and reading.

9. With infinitive phrases:
Parallel:
Jhoanne likes to hike, to swim, and to
ride a bicycle.
OR
Jhoanne likes to hike, swim, and ride a
bicycle.
(Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a
sentence or only before the first one.)

10. Do not mix forms.
Parallel:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a

11. Parallel:
The teacher said that he was a poor
student because he waited until the
last minute to study for the exam,
completed his lab problems in a
careless manner, and lacked
motivation.

12. A parallel structure that begins with
clauses must keep on with clauses.
Changing to another pattern or
changing the voice of the verb (from
active to passive or vice versa) will
break the parallelism.
CLAUSES

13. Example 1
Parallel:
The coach told the players that they
should get a lot of sleep, that they
should not eat too much, and that
they should do some warm-up
exercises before the game.

14. — or —
Parallel:
The coach told the players that they
should get a lot of sleep, not eat too
much, and do some warm-up exercises
before the game.

15. Example 2
Parallel:
The salesman expected that he would
would present his product at the
meeting, that he would have time to
show his slide presentation, and that
prospective buyers would ask him
questions.

16. Lists After a Colon
Be sure to keep all the elements in a list
in the same form.
Example 1
Parallel:
The dictionary can be used to find these:
word meanings, pronunciations, correct
spellings, and irregular verbs.