1) Albert Einstein was a famous German-born physicist. He published several groundbreaking papers on photoelectricity, Brownian motion, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence.
2) His mass-energy equivalence equation (E = mc2) introduced the concept that mass and energy are equivalent and interchangeable. This equation influenced the modern world.
3) Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his services to theoretical physics, and his explanation of the photoelectric effect. He is regarded as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century.