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Albert Einstein (Research Based Presentation)
The document provides a detailed overview of Albert Einstein's early life, education, personal relationships, and remarkable contributions to science, including his development of the theories of relativity. It highlights his achievements, such as receiving the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 and various honors named after him, as well as his complex personal life and eventual death in 1955. The summary concludes with a mention of the legacy of his brain's preservation for future studies after his death.
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Albert Einstein (Research Based Presentation)
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- 11. To apprise theaudience about Early Life & Education, Personal Life, Academic, & Scientific Career, Achievements, Awards & Honors, and Publications of Albert Einstein
- 12. Personal Life Achievements &Publications Conclusion Q & A SEQUENCE Early Life & Education Academic & Scientific Career
- 14. Born on 14 Mar,1879 Ulm, Württemberg, Germany EARLY LIFE
- 15. FAMILY FATHER Hermann Einstein, wasa Salesman and Engineer Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie, (Munich) Manufacturing of electrical equipment (DC Dynamo) An electrical engineering company in Milan Died on October 10, 1902 in Milan due to heart failure
- 16. FAMILY Contd. MOTHER Pauline Koch,Married at 18 Well educated and quiet woman Inclination towards the arts Married to Rudolf Einstein Her daughter, Elsa became the 2nd wife of Albert Einstein in 1919 She died on February 20, 1920
- 17. FAMILY Contd. SISTER Maria (Maja),02 years younger The only friend of his childhood Graduated from Berlin Uni
- 18. EARLY EDUCATION Attended aCatholic elementary school Faced Speech challenges He was right handed Passion for classical music & playing violin Deep inquisitiveness and inquiry His father showed him a pocket compass
- 19. EARLY EDUCATION Catholic ElementarySchool age 5 Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich, age 8 Felt alienated with the rigid Pedagogical style
- 20. MILAN, ITALY Hermann Einsteinrelocated the family to Milan, Italy, in the mid-1890s Modern day Milan, Italy
- 21. LUITPOLD GYMNASIUM Albert wasleft in Munich to complete his schooling at the Luitpold Gym Compulsory Military Training by Nazi’s Albert allegedly withdrew from classes, claimed nervous exhaustion
- 23. Swiss Federal PolytechnicSchool in Zurich Entrance exam at SFPS, Zurich , Age 16 Failed several subjects, exceptional in Physics & Math IN SWITZERLAND
- 24. SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION AargauCantonal School in Aarau
- 25. AARGAU CANTONAL SCHOOL Completedsecondary schooling in 1895-96 with top grades in Phy & Math Boarded with Jost Winteler (Schoolmaster) Fell in love with Winteler’s daughter, Marie She moved to Olsberg, Switzerland Swiss citizen at the dawn of the new century
- 26. Math & Physicsteaching diploma program at the ETH, Zurich, 1900
- 27. Mileva Marić, aSerbian Physics student also enrolled at ETH Einstein and Marić's friendship developed into romance Parents were against due to her ethnic background Marić failed the exam with poor grades in the Math component
- 28. JOB & MARRIAGE in 1902 received a referral for a clerk position in a Swiss patent office Einstein’s father passed away shortly Albert married Mileva Marić on Jan. 6, 1903
- 29. SONS Two sons,Hans and Eduard The couple got divorced in 1919 Marić having an emotional breakdown AE promised funds from possibly winning the Nobel Prize
- 30. 2nd MARRIAGE AEhad an affair some time earlier with a cousin, Elsa Löwenthal AE & Elsa married in 1919
- 32. SCIENTIFIC CAREER 300+scientific papers and 150 non-scientific papers 1905 - seen by many as a “Miracle Year“ Published 4 papers in the Annalen der Physik The Special Theory of Relativity Laws of physics are invariant in all Inertial systems Speed of light in a Vacuum is the same for all observers
- 33. THE GENERAL THEORYOF RELATIVITY In 1915, completed the General Theory of Relativity Culmination of his life research It allowed for a more accurate prediction of planetary orbits around the sun, which fell short in Issaq Newton’s theory Einstein's assertions were affirmed by Sir Frank Dyson and Sir Arthur Eddington during the 1919 solar eclipse, and thus a global science icon was born.
- 34. Einstein came upwith the equation Conversion of Matter into Energy & vice versa Foreshadowing the development of A. Power US developed the first Atomic Bomb THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
- 35. LETTER TO USPRESIDENT In 1939, the pacifist Einstein warned the US President Theodore Roosevelt U.S. Nuclear Weapons Research Germany may build an A- Bomb Hitler would resort to such a weapon U.S. iniitiateed the Manhattan Project “The element Uranium can be turned into a new and important source of energy in the immediate future” “This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bomb, and it is conceivable – though much less certain – that extremely powerful Bomb of a new type may thus be constructed. A single bomb of this type, carried by boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory.
- 37. THE NOBEL LAUREATE 1922,Awarded Nobel Prize for his services to Theoretical Physics
- 38. THE NOBEL LAUREATE Asper the Divorce accord, the amount was deposited at Marić's Swiss Account for herself & the two sons, Hans and Eduard
- 39. AWARDS RECIEVED 1919 Universityof Rostock Honorary Doctorate 1921 Princeton University Honorary Doctorate 1923 Order “Pour Le Merite Admission to the Honor
- 40. AWARDS RECIEVED 1925 RoyalSociety of London Copley Medal
- 41. AWARDS RECIEVED 1926 RoyalAstronomical Society Gold Medal 1929 German Physical Society Max Plank Medal
- 42. AWARDS RECIEVED 1930 ETH,Switzerland Honorary Doctorate 1935 Oxford University Honorary Doctorate 1935 Harvard University Honorary Doctorate 1935 Franklin Institute, Philadelphia Benjamin Franklin Med
- 43. HONORS OF ALBERTEINSTEIN The Radioactive element “Einsteinium” (Es - 99) was named for him in 1955 Declared as “Greatest Physicist Ever” by 100 leading physicists in 1999
- 44. HONORS OF ALBERTEINSTEIN An Asteroid discovered on Mar 05, 1973 was named “Einstein” in 2001
- 45. HONORS OF ALBERTEINSTEIN Postage Stamps by the US Postal Services & 50+ other countries
- 46. HONORS OF ALBERTEINSTEIN “Person of the Century” by TIME in 1999, ahead of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Gandhi & Roosevelt
- 47. HONORS OF ALBERTEINSTEIN “2005-World Year of Physics” by the Int. Union of Pure & Applied Physics AE College of Medicine, New York
- 48. HONORS OF ALBERTEINSTEIN The Einstein Tower at AE Science Park, Potsdam, Germany Einstein was inducted into the NJ Hall of Fame in 2008
- 49. HONORS OF ALBERTEINSTEIN The Albert Einstein Memorial, a huge Bronze Statue at Washington D.C.
- 50. AWARDS NAMED AFTERALBERT EINSTEIN Albert Einstein Award (Gold Medal) in theoretical physics, since 1951 Albert Einstein Medal, by the AE Society, Bern, Switzerland, since 1979 The Albert Einstein Peace Prize by AEPF, Chicago, Illinois
- 52. BOOKS The world asI see it A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity On the Special and General Theory of Relativity Aether and Relativity Theory Investigations of Brownian Motion Geometry and Experience: Expanded Edition Four Lectures on Relativity Theory
- 53. BOOKS CONTD….. The Evolutionof Physics: The Growth of Ideas from Early Concepts to Relativity Fundamental Ideas and Problems of Relativity Theory On the Method of Theoretical Physics The Meaning of Relativity Origins of the General Theory of Relativity Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity Physics as an Adventure of the Mind
- 56. ONE GREAT MISTAKE….! Einsteinsaid to his old friend, Linus Pauling, 'I made one great mistake in my life — when I signed the letter to President Roosevelt recommending that Atom bombs be made; but there was some justification — the danger that the Germans would make them……”
- 57. HOSPITALIZED On 17 April1955, Albert Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm Einstein refused surgery, and said: 'I want to go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share, it is time to go. I will do it elegantly.
- 58. DEATH OF THE“GENIUS” At 01:15 in the morning of 18 April 1955, Albert Einstein - theoretical physicist, peace campaigner and undisputed genius - mumbled a few words in German, took two breaths, and died. The nurse on duty at Princeton Hospital did not speak German and the meaning of Einstein's final words was lost forever. Einstein's remains were cremated and his ashes were scattered at an undisclosed location
- 59. BRAIN OF THE“GENIUS” During the autopsy, the pathologist of Princeton Hospital, Thomas Harvey, removed Einstein's brain for preservation In the hope that the neuroscience of the future would be able to discover what made Einstein so intelligent Harvey had overseen the division of the brain into 240 blocks, These were delivered, as promised, to the great and the good of 1950s Neuropathology
- 61.
Editor's Notes
- #3 Men are haunted by the vastness of eternity, and human history is replete with all such efforts, by men of all stature, which aimed at achieving them immortality or at least they wanted to resound their names in all the times to come.
- #5 In order to pursue their motif, they strive for the impossibilities, and history always gets impressed by their greatest endeavors & adventures.
- #7 On the other hand, there are very few such great men, who were rejected by the society in early days and they never did a single thing with the aim to be immortals. They just used the capacity of mind to reason & logical thinking patterns to explore the secrets of the universe, and became such universal figures that history in turn, kept them alive forever.
- #11 Among such great personalities was the one who was rejected by his fellows, got failed to get admission into a good institution, parents, and teachers’ got disappointed about his future, but he rose to such greatness that only an imbecile would not be knowing his name. He was a German-born physicist who developed the general theory of relativity, which brought a revolution in human’s understanding of the universal laws of existence. He is considered as the most influential physicist of the 20th century. He is no one else, But Albert Einstein, which is the topic of my upcoming 16-18 minutes’ talk at the dais.
- #12 AIM To apprise the house about Early Life & Education, Personal Life, Academic, & Scientific Career, Awards & Honors, and Publications of Albert Einstein
- #14 Early Life & Education
- #15 Born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany, Albert Einstein grew up in a secular Jewish family.
- #16 FAMILY FATHER His father, Hermann Einstein, was a salesman and Engineer who with his brother founded Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie, a Munich-based company that manufactured electrical equipment. Hermann’s health had suffered a lot in the last years and he died on October 10, 1902 in Milan due to heart failure.
- #17 MOTHER His mother, Pauline Koch, ran the family household and got married to Hermann Einstein at the age of 18. She was a very well educated and quiet woman who had an inclination towards arts. she was a good piano player. She made her son Albert begin with violin lessons at the age of five. Pauline married Rudolf Einstein after the death of Albert Einstein’s father. Her daughter Elsa became the second wife of Albert Einstein in 1919. She died on February 20, 1920
- #18 SISTER Einstein had one sister, Maja, born two years after him. She was the only friend of his childhood. She graduated from Berlin university, Germany.
- #19 EARLY EDUCATION Respected Audience, Albert Einstein attended a Catholic elementary school from the age of five for three years. Later, at the age of eight, Einstein was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium where he received advanced primary and secondary school education until he left Germany seven years later it has been thought that Einstein had early speech difficulties, and he excelled at the first school that he attended. He was right handed there appears to be no evidence for the widespread popular belief that he was left handed. He had strong passion for classical music & was able to play violin very well. He was very inquisitive and loved deep inquiry into different phenomenon. His father once showed him a pocket compass; Einstein realized that there must be something causing the needle to move, despite the apparent 'empty space'. As he grew, Einstein built models and mechanical devices for fun and began to show a talent for mathematics.
- #20 As he had attended Catholic Elementary School earlier at the age of 5, he was admitted in an Elementary school at the Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich. However, he felt alienated there and struggled with the institution's rigid pedagogical style, purely based on Behavioristic approach.
- #21 Hermann Einstein relocated the family to Milan, Italy, in the mid-1890s after his business lost out on a major contract.
- #22 Albert was left at a relative's boarding house in Munich to complete his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Faced with military duty by Nazi regime, when he turned of age, Albert allegedly withdrew from classes, using a doctor’s note to excuse himself and claim nervous exhaustion. With their son rejoining them in Italy, his parents understood Einstein's perspective but were concerned about his future prospects as a school dropout and draft dodger.
- #23 ACADEMIC CAREER & PERSONAL LIFE
- #24 In late summer 1895, at the age of sixteen, Einstein sat the entrance examinations for the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich. He failed to reach the required standard in several subjects, but obtained exceptional grades in physics and mathematics.
- #25 On the advice of the Principal of the Polytechnic, he attended the Aargau Cantonal School in Aarau, Switzerland, in 1895-96 to complete his secondary schooling.
- #26 Einstein was eventually able to gain admission into the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, specifically due to his superb mathematics and physics scores on the entrance exam. He was still required to complete his pre-university education first, and thus attended a high school in Aarau, Switzerland helmed by Jost Winteler. Einstein lived with the schoolmaster's family and fell in love with Wintelers' daughter, Marie. Einstein later renounced his German citizenship and became a Swiss citizen at the dawn of the new century.
- #27 He got enrolled into Math & Physics teaching diploma program at the ETH, Zurich, in 1900.
- #28 While attending school in Zurich, Einstein developed lasting friendships and alliances, also meeting his future wife, Mileva Maric, a Serbian physics student. She was the only woman among the six students in the mathematics and physics section of the teaching diploma course. Over the next few years, Einstein and Marić's friendship developed into romance. Meanwhile, Einstein continued to grow closer to Maric, but his parents were strongly against the relationship due her ethnic background. In 1900, Einstein was awarded the Zurich Polytechnic teaching diploma, but Marić failed the examination, as usually happens with most, by getting very poor grades in the mathematics component.
- #29 JOB & MIRRAGE After graduating from Polytechnic, Einstein faced major challenges in terms of finding academic positions. Einstein eventually found steady work in 1902 after receiving a referral for a clerk position in a Swiss patent office. Einstein’s father passed away shortly thereafter, and the young scientist married Miliva Maric on Jan. 6, 1903.
- #30 The couple went on to have two sons, Hans and Eduard. The marriage would not be a happy one, however, with the two divorcing in 1919 and Maric having an emotional breakdown in connection to the split. Einstein, as part of a settlement, agreed to give Maric any funds he might receive from possibly winning the Nobel Prize in the future.
- #31 He had also begun an affair some time earlier with a cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, whom Einstein wed during the same year of his divorce
- #33 SCIENTIFIC CAREER Albert wrote 300+ scientific papers and 150 non-scientific papers. In 1905—seen by many as a "miracle year" for the theorist—Einstein had four papers published in the Annalen der Physik, one of the best known physics journals of the era. One of them was The Special Theory of Relativity which postulates that: Laws of physics are invariant in all Inertial systems Speed of light in a Vacuum is the same for all observers
- #34 In November, 1915, Einstein completed the general theory of relativity, which he considered the culmination of his life research. He was convinced of the merits of general relativity because it allowed for a more accurate prediction of planetary orbits around the sun, which fell short in Isaac Newton’s theory, and for a more expansive explanation of how gravitational forces worked. Einstein's assertions were affirmed via observations and measurements by British Astronomers Sir Frank Dyson and Sir Arthur Eddington during the 1919 solar eclipse, and thus a global science icon was born.
- #35 Einstein came up with the equation E=mc2 Conversion of Matter into Energy & vice versa Foreshadowing the development of A. Power US developed the first Atomic Bomb In 1939, Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt to alert him of the possibility of a Nazi bomb and to galvanize the United States to create its own nuclear weapons. The U.S. would eventually initiate the Manhattan Project, though Einstein would not take direct part in its implementation due to his pacifist and socialist affiliations. Einstein was also the recipient of much scrutiny and major distrust from FBI director Edgar Hoover.
- #36 In his letter, he stated that; “The element Uranium can be turned into a new and important source of energy in the immediate future” “This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bomb, and it is conceivable – though much less certain – that extremely powerful Bomb of a new type may thus be constructed. A single bomb of this type, carried by boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory.
- #38 AWARDS & HONORS In 1921, Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics though he wasn't actually given the award until the following year due to a bureaucratic ruling. Because his ideas on relativity were still considered questionable, he received the prize for his explanation of the photoelectric effect though Einstein still opted to speak about relativity during his acceptance speech.
- #39 As per the Divorce accord of 1919, the amount he got via Nobel Prize was deposited at her ex-wife Marić's Swiss Account for herself & the two sons, Hans and Eduard. She was allowed to withdraw any amount for children anytime but with consensus of Albert for herself.
- #40 1919 University of Rostock Honorary Doctorate 1921 Princeton University Honorary Doctorate 1923 Order “Pour Le Merite Admission to the Honor
- #41 In 1925 the Royal Society awarded Einstein the Copley Medal.
- #42 1926 Royal Astronomical Society Gold Medal In 1929, Max Planck presented Einstein with the Max Planck medal of the German Physical Society in Berlin, for extraordinary achievements in theoretical physics.
- #43 1930 ETH, Switzerland Honorary Doctorate 1935 Oxford University Honorary Doctorate 1935 Harvard University Honorary Doctorate
- #44 In 1936, Einstein was awarded the Franklin Institute's Franklin Medal for his extensive work on relativity and the photo-electric effect. The chemical element 99, einsteinium, was named for him in August 1955, four months after Einstein's death. He was declared as “Greatest Physicist Ever” opinion poll of 100 leading physicists in 1999
- #45 Einstein is an inner main belt asteroid discovered on 5 March 1973 was named after him in 2001’
- #46 The United States Postal Service honored Einstein with a Prominent Americans series postage stamp. More than 50 countries across the globe has issued special postage stamps in his name at various occasions.
- #47 In 1999 Time magazine named him the Person of the Century, ahead of Muhammad Ali Jinnah Mahatma Gandhi and Franklin Roosevelt, among others.
- #48 The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics named 2005 the "World Year of Physics" in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the publication of the 4 papers. The Albert Einstein College of Medicine is a research-intensive medical school located in the Morris Park in New York City.
- #49 The Albert Einstein Science Park is located on the hill Telegrafenberg in Potsdam, Germany. The best known building in the park is the Einstein Tower which has a bronze bust of Einstein at the entrance. The Tower is an astrophysical observatory that was built to perform checks of Einstein's theory of General Relativity.
- #50 The Albert Einstein Memorial in central Washington, D.C. is a monumental bronze statue depicting Einstein seated with manuscript papers in hand. The statue, commissioned in 1979, is located in a grove of trees at the southwest corner of the grounds of the National Academy of Sciences on Constitution Avenue.
- #51 AWARDS AFTER HIM The Albert Einstein Award is an award in theoretical physics, established to recognize high achievement in the natural sciences. It was endowed in honor of Albert Einstein's 70th birthday. It was first awarded in 1951 The Albert Einstein Medal is an award presented by the Albert Einstein Society in Bern, Switzerland. First given in 1979, the award is presented to people who have "rendered outstanding services" in connection with Einstein’s theories. The Albert Einstein Peace Prize is given yearly by the Chicago, Illinois-based Albert Einstein Peace Prize Foundation.
- #53 PUBLICATIONS The world as I see it A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity On the Special and General Theory of Relativity Aether and Relativity Theory Investigations of Brownian Motion Geometry and Experience: Expanded Edition Four Lectures on Relativity Theory
- #54 The Evolution of Physics: The Growth of Ideas from Early Concepts to Relativity Fundamental Ideas and Problems of Relativity Theory On the Method of Theoretical Physics The Meaning of Relativity Origins of the General Theory of Relativity Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity Physics as an Adventure of the Mind
- #57 Einstein said to his old friend, Linus Pauling, 'I made one great mistake in my life — when I signed the letter to President Roosevelt recommending that Atom bombs be made; but there was some justification — the danger that the Germans would make them……”
- #58 On 17 April 1955, Albert Einstein hospitalized as he experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which had previously been reinforced surgically in 1948. He took the draft of a speech he was preparing for a television appearance commemorating the State of Israel's seventh anniversary with him to the hospital, but he did not live long enough to complete it. Einstein refused surgery, saying: "I want to go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share, it is time to go. I will do it elegantly.
- #59 At 01:15 in the morning of 18 April 1955, Albert Einstein - theoretical physicist, peace campaigner and undisputed genius - mumbled a few words in German, took two breaths, and died. The nurse on duty at Princeton Hospital did not speak German and the meaning of Einstein's final words was lost forever. Einstein's remains were cremated and his ashes were scattered at an undisclosed location
- #60 THE BRAIN During the autopsy, the pathologist of Princeton Hospital, Thomas Harvey, removed Einstein's brain for preservation without the permission of his family, in the hope that the neuroscience of the future would be able to discover what made Einstein so intelligent. Harvey had overseen the division of the brain into 240 blocks, and created 12 sets of 200 slides containing tissue samples indexed to the blocks. These were delivered, as promised, to the great and the good of 1950s Neuropathology
- #61 CONCLUSION Born in Germany in 1879, Albert Einstein had a passion for inquiry that eventually led him to develop the special and general theories of relativity. In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize for physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect and immigrated to the U.S. in the following decade after being targeted by the Nazis. Einstein is generally considered the most influential physicist of the 20th century, with his work also having a major impact on the development of atomic energy. With a focus on unified field theory during his later years, Einstein died on April 18, 1955, in Princeton, New Jersey.