Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist born in 1879 in Ulm, Germany who died in 1955 in Princeton, New Jersey. He developed the general theory of relativity and special relativity, which are two pillars of modern physics. He is best known for his mass-energy equivalence formula E=mc2 and received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the photoelectric effect, an important step in the evolution of quantum theory.