This document provides an overview of animal science. It defines animal science as the study and management of domestic farm animals, including their anatomy, physiology, care and production. It notes that animal science applies principles of biology, physics and social sciences to problems in animal production and management. Key areas of focus for animal science majors include animal production, breeding, care/management, health, and processing/marketing of animal products. The document also summarizes the economic contributions of major domesticated animal species.
This document discusses markers associated with thermal tolerance in livestock. It begins by outlining the impacts of climate change on livestock production, including reduced growth, reproduction, and immune function. Physiological responses to heat stress include increased core body temperature, respiration rate, and sweat rate. Blood biochemical markers change, such as increased cortisol and decreased T3 and T4 hormone levels. Molecular responses include increased heat shock protein production. Specific genes have also been identified that are associated with heat tolerance. In conclusion, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, cortisol, and heat shock proteins are confirmed biomarkers for heat stress, and identifying more markers through advanced molecular tools can help breed thermally tolerant livestock.
The document summarizes common breeds of swine, including their origin, ear shape, coloration, and key traits. It describes 8 major breeds: Duroc from New York known for its droopy ears and cherry red color; Hampshire from Kentucky with erect ears and black/white coloring as a "meat breed"; Berkshire from England with erect ears and black/white coloring and a short snout; and Poland China, Spotted Poland China, Chester White, Yorkshire, Landrace, and Tamworth - each with details on their origin, physical attributes, and usefulness.
This document discusses different breeds and varieties of Japanese quail. It outlines 7 common species of quail globally. For Japanese quail specifically, it details the taxonomy and 10 common varieties bred for different traits like coloration, egg production, or meat quality. These varieties include Pharaoh, British Range, English White, Manchurian Golden, Tuxedo, and others. The document also discusses 6 varieties developed in India at CARI for meat, egg production and color traits. Finally it outlines 3 strains developed at TANUVAS in India focused on increased meat yield over successive generations.
This document discusses grower and layer management. It outlines the importance of restricted feeding during the growing period to prevent early sexual maturity and improve egg production. Proper cleaning, vaccination schedules, and production indices are important for both growing and laying periods. Restricted feeding, including quantitative and qualitative restrictions, results in feed cost savings and healthier birds that produce more eggs during the laying period. Uniformity among growers is also important and can be achieved through measures like receiving uniform chicks, proper feeding and spacing, and regular weight sampling.
This document discusses dairy cattle herd management and includes the following key points:
1. Herds can be divided into pregnant, breeding, heifer, steer/feeder, and bull herds to ensure appropriate nutrition and prevent issues like premature breeding.
2. Breeding females like lactating/pregnant cows and open cows/replacement heifers require specific management including separation during pregnancy and provision of proper feed.
3. Calves, growers, and fatteners have distinct management needs depending on their stage such as colostrum intake for calves and grazing for growers.
4. Herd health management involves hygiene, vaccination programs, parasite control, and prevention of common
The document discusses selection methods for breeding poultry flocks. The objectives of poultry breeding are to increase egg and meat production through traits like feed efficiency. Selection methods include individual selection based on phenotype, pedigree selection using family records, and family selection involving progeny or sib testing. Breeding programs aim to improve economic traits like body weight, egg production and quality for layers or broilers. Various government and private organizations in India research and develop high-yielding poultry breeds.
Dr. Sushil Neupane's notes on "Introductory Genetics and Animal Breeding" for the 2nd year, 1st semester of the Diploma in Animal Science (latest syllabus of CTEVT) provide a comprehensive overview of key concepts and principles related to genetics and animal breeding. The notes cover fundamental topics in genetics and their practical applications in livestock production and breeding programs.
This document discusses markers associated with thermal tolerance in livestock. It begins by outlining the impacts of climate change on livestock production, including reduced growth, reproduction, and immune function. Physiological responses to heat stress include increased core body temperature, respiration rate, and sweat rate. Blood biochemical markers change, such as increased cortisol and decreased T3 and T4 hormone levels. Molecular responses include increased heat shock protein production. Specific genes have also been identified that are associated with heat tolerance. In conclusion, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, cortisol, and heat shock proteins are confirmed biomarkers for heat stress, and identifying more markers through advanced molecular tools can help breed thermally tolerant livestock.
The document summarizes common breeds of swine, including their origin, ear shape, coloration, and key traits. It describes 8 major breeds: Duroc from New York known for its droopy ears and cherry red color; Hampshire from Kentucky with erect ears and black/white coloring as a "meat breed"; Berkshire from England with erect ears and black/white coloring and a short snout; and Poland China, Spotted Poland China, Chester White, Yorkshire, Landrace, and Tamworth - each with details on their origin, physical attributes, and usefulness.
This document discusses different breeds and varieties of Japanese quail. It outlines 7 common species of quail globally. For Japanese quail specifically, it details the taxonomy and 10 common varieties bred for different traits like coloration, egg production, or meat quality. These varieties include Pharaoh, British Range, English White, Manchurian Golden, Tuxedo, and others. The document also discusses 6 varieties developed in India at CARI for meat, egg production and color traits. Finally it outlines 3 strains developed at TANUVAS in India focused on increased meat yield over successive generations.
This document discusses grower and layer management. It outlines the importance of restricted feeding during the growing period to prevent early sexual maturity and improve egg production. Proper cleaning, vaccination schedules, and production indices are important for both growing and laying periods. Restricted feeding, including quantitative and qualitative restrictions, results in feed cost savings and healthier birds that produce more eggs during the laying period. Uniformity among growers is also important and can be achieved through measures like receiving uniform chicks, proper feeding and spacing, and regular weight sampling.
This document discusses dairy cattle herd management and includes the following key points:
1. Herds can be divided into pregnant, breeding, heifer, steer/feeder, and bull herds to ensure appropriate nutrition and prevent issues like premature breeding.
2. Breeding females like lactating/pregnant cows and open cows/replacement heifers require specific management including separation during pregnancy and provision of proper feed.
3. Calves, growers, and fatteners have distinct management needs depending on their stage such as colostrum intake for calves and grazing for growers.
4. Herd health management involves hygiene, vaccination programs, parasite control, and prevention of common
The document discusses selection methods for breeding poultry flocks. The objectives of poultry breeding are to increase egg and meat production through traits like feed efficiency. Selection methods include individual selection based on phenotype, pedigree selection using family records, and family selection involving progeny or sib testing. Breeding programs aim to improve economic traits like body weight, egg production and quality for layers or broilers. Various government and private organizations in India research and develop high-yielding poultry breeds.
Dr. Sushil Neupane's notes on "Introductory Genetics and Animal Breeding" for the 2nd year, 1st semester of the Diploma in Animal Science (latest syllabus of CTEVT) provide a comprehensive overview of key concepts and principles related to genetics and animal breeding. The notes cover fundamental topics in genetics and their practical applications in livestock production and breeding programs.
Goat farming is gaining popularity in the Philippines due to goats' low capital requirements, suitability to small farms, and fast reproduction rate. However, other factors like climate, food availability, market access, and workload must also be considered before starting a goat business. As of 2013, the Philippines had over 3 million goats, most raised on backyard farms. Goat production and prices have remained steady in recent years. The top producing regions are Luzon, Mindanao, and Visayas. Proper housing, fences, pastures, and herd management are needed to successfully raise goats.
The document discusses various breeds of dairy cattle, dairy animals, and dairy goats. It provides details on the origin, physical characteristics, milk production capabilities, and ancestors of breeds such as Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Milking Shorthorn, Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Philippine Carabao, Murrah, Saanen, Toggenburg, Alpine, and La Mancha. It also discusses factors considered in selecting dairy cattle and the development of crossbreeds like Australian Freisian Sahiwal and Jamica Hope.
This document provides information on swine production and management, including terminology, breeds of pigs, production systems, and breeding systems. It defines key terms like boar, sow, litter, and castration. It describes common pure breeds like Landrace, Large White, and Duroc and their characteristics. Synthetic breeds developed to combine desirable traits like TOPIGS and Hypor are also outlined. The document explains local Philippine native pigs and improved varieties. Different swine production systems are compared including sow herd enterprises and growing-finishing operations.
This document discusses animal breeding and selection. It covers several key points:
1) Genetic improvement is the goal of any breeding program and is influenced by both genetics (G) and environment (E).
2) Selection considers the whole population, not just individuals. Tools like EPDs and performance records are used.
3) Traits like growth, reproduction, and longevity should be breeding goals. Methods like individual, family, and progeny testing are used for single or multiple trait selection.
4) Crossbreeding can increase performance through hybrid vigor/heterosis and breed complementarity compared to purebreeding. Organized crossbreeding systems maximize these benefits.
This document discusses animal nutrition and feeds. It defines nutrition as the utilization of food by the body's processes. The six main nutrients needed are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water. Nutrients are utilized for maintenance, growth, production, reproduction, and health. The document also discusses the classifications of feeds as roughages, concentrates, and supplements. It provides examples of different feeds and explains feeding management at various life stages of animals such as calves, heifers, dry cows, and lactating cows.
Small ruminant production such as sheep and goats provide many benefits to farmers. They require minimal land and feed resources. Their small size allows them to be raised on small plots of land. They are prolific breeders, often having multiple births which provides opportunities for high offspring production and income. Their manure can be used as fertilizer. However, they also face challenges like feed scarcity during dry seasons and problems with internal parasites. Overall, their low input requirements and high reproduction rates make them suitable livestock for small-scale farmers.
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Poultry require nutrients including carbohydrates and fats for energy, protein and amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and water. A balanced diet typically consists of grains like corn or soybean meal for energy and protein, and supplements like limestone for minerals. Feeding programs should provide the right nutrients for different stages of growth and types of poultry. High quality feed is important to avoid nutritional deficiencies and ensure optimal growth and health.
This document discusses principles of animal genetics including Mendelian genetics. It explains Mendel's principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment and how they can be used to predict genotypes and phenotypes of offspring through Punnett squares. It describes genetic material including DNA, genes, and chromosomes. It discusses how genetic material is transferred from parents to offspring and defines key genetic terms. It also covers non-Mendelian inheritance patterns like incomplete dominance and codominance.
This document discusses goat feeding and nutrition management. It covers the following key points:
1) Feeding systems range from tethering individual goats to intensive stall feeding, with extensive grazing and semi-intensive systems being most common. Nutrition is crucial for health, productivity and reproduction.
2) Poor nutrition can cause low productivity, conception and birth weights. The highest costs in goat production are associated with feeding.
3) Nutrient requirements vary based on stage of production. Creep, grower and finisher rations should be formulated based on protein and energy needs. Close attention should be paid to doe nutrition during gestation and lactation.
4) Rations should be
This document provides information on poultry farming and management. It discusses the main species of birds reared for economic benefits, including chickens, ducks, geese, quails and pigeons. It outlines the benefits of poultry farming such as low capital requirements and high returns. It also describes important considerations for poultry housing, drinking/feeding systems, chick quality, and brooding management. Finally, it discusses common poultry diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, as well as deficiency diseases, and provides treatment recommendations.
The term anatomy refers to the science that deals with the form and structure of animals. Physiology deals with the study of functions of the body or any of its parts. A thorough knowledge of the structure of an animal imparts a lot of information about the various functions it is capable of performing.
The course may be used as an introductory course to further studies; to assist you in recognising the normal, in order to determine the abnormal; to help you understand how to diagnose disease or determine if an animal has sustained an injury; to help understand the physical capabilities or limitations of particular species; to understand what happens in the nutrition and growth processes; and to assist you to get better performance from your animals.
for more, http://www.extension.org/69093 Changes in precipitation and temperature vary by region. In general the US is seeing more precipitation and the timing and intensity of precipitation is also changing. While global temperatures are increasing, it is the variability and intensity of temperatures that are of greatest consequence to animal agriculture.
The main external parasites that are problematic for poultry are mites and lice. Mite parasites feed on the blood of chickens and can cause anaemia and possible death, while lice feed on dander and feathers. The red mite causes the most problems in poultry.
This document discusses the care and management of growing-finishing pigs from weaning to slaughter weight. It outlines recommendations for deworming pigs 1-2 weeks after weaning and again 1-2 months later to treat roundworm. Mange mites are also a common parasite issue, with treatments discussed. Vaccinating pigs against hog cholera 2 weeks after weaning or 1 week after deworming is generally recommended. Feeds should be shifted gradually between types to avoid diarrhea. Ad libitum or restricted feeding can be used. The document provides protein requirements for different pig life stages and feeds.
This document discusses different breeds of poultry found in Sri Lanka, including their origins and characteristics. It describes the Rhode Island Red breed, which originated in Rhode Island and Massachusetts in the US. It is a dual purpose breed raised for both meat and eggs. The document also describes the local Village Chicken breed, which shows wide variation in size, color, and shape. Village chickens are well adapted for the local environment but lay few eggs. Finally, it discusses the White Plymouth breed, which originated in the US and is also a dual purpose breed used for both eggs and meat. It compares the characteristics of these three common poultry breeds found in Sri Lanka.
The Farmer’s Hand Book on Pig Production is a colourful and simply-written manual from the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. This book was developed to educate pig farmers .It provides a lot of information on breeding, feeding, housing pigs, detection and treatment of swine diseases.
Ps 101 itroduction to poultry production full coursemithu mehr
This document provides an overview of poultry production and incubation. It begins with an introduction to poultry science and the importance of the poultry industry. It then discusses different types of poultry including broilers, layers, and breeders. The document outlines the classification of poultry breeds and varieties. It also describes the development of poultry from initial uses for entertainment to specialized breeding for food production. A large portion of the document is dedicated to describing the process of incubation, including natural incubation using broody hens and artificial incubation using incubators. It provides details on the requirements, types, and operation of different incubators.
Goat farming is gaining popularity in the Philippines due to goats' low capital requirements, suitability to small farms, and fast reproduction rate. However, other factors like climate, food availability, market access, and workload must also be considered before starting a goat business. As of 2013, the Philippines had over 3 million goats, most raised on backyard farms. Goat production and prices have remained steady in recent years. The top producing regions are Luzon, Mindanao, and Visayas. Proper housing, fences, pastures, and herd management are needed to successfully raise goats.
The document discusses various breeds of dairy cattle, dairy animals, and dairy goats. It provides details on the origin, physical characteristics, milk production capabilities, and ancestors of breeds such as Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Milking Shorthorn, Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Philippine Carabao, Murrah, Saanen, Toggenburg, Alpine, and La Mancha. It also discusses factors considered in selecting dairy cattle and the development of crossbreeds like Australian Freisian Sahiwal and Jamica Hope.
This document provides information on swine production and management, including terminology, breeds of pigs, production systems, and breeding systems. It defines key terms like boar, sow, litter, and castration. It describes common pure breeds like Landrace, Large White, and Duroc and their characteristics. Synthetic breeds developed to combine desirable traits like TOPIGS and Hypor are also outlined. The document explains local Philippine native pigs and improved varieties. Different swine production systems are compared including sow herd enterprises and growing-finishing operations.
This document discusses animal breeding and selection. It covers several key points:
1) Genetic improvement is the goal of any breeding program and is influenced by both genetics (G) and environment (E).
2) Selection considers the whole population, not just individuals. Tools like EPDs and performance records are used.
3) Traits like growth, reproduction, and longevity should be breeding goals. Methods like individual, family, and progeny testing are used for single or multiple trait selection.
4) Crossbreeding can increase performance through hybrid vigor/heterosis and breed complementarity compared to purebreeding. Organized crossbreeding systems maximize these benefits.
This document discusses animal nutrition and feeds. It defines nutrition as the utilization of food by the body's processes. The six main nutrients needed are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water. Nutrients are utilized for maintenance, growth, production, reproduction, and health. The document also discusses the classifications of feeds as roughages, concentrates, and supplements. It provides examples of different feeds and explains feeding management at various life stages of animals such as calves, heifers, dry cows, and lactating cows.
Small ruminant production such as sheep and goats provide many benefits to farmers. They require minimal land and feed resources. Their small size allows them to be raised on small plots of land. They are prolific breeders, often having multiple births which provides opportunities for high offspring production and income. Their manure can be used as fertilizer. However, they also face challenges like feed scarcity during dry seasons and problems with internal parasites. Overall, their low input requirements and high reproduction rates make them suitable livestock for small-scale farmers.
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Poultry require nutrients including carbohydrates and fats for energy, protein and amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and water. A balanced diet typically consists of grains like corn or soybean meal for energy and protein, and supplements like limestone for minerals. Feeding programs should provide the right nutrients for different stages of growth and types of poultry. High quality feed is important to avoid nutritional deficiencies and ensure optimal growth and health.
This document discusses principles of animal genetics including Mendelian genetics. It explains Mendel's principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment and how they can be used to predict genotypes and phenotypes of offspring through Punnett squares. It describes genetic material including DNA, genes, and chromosomes. It discusses how genetic material is transferred from parents to offspring and defines key genetic terms. It also covers non-Mendelian inheritance patterns like incomplete dominance and codominance.
This document discusses goat feeding and nutrition management. It covers the following key points:
1) Feeding systems range from tethering individual goats to intensive stall feeding, with extensive grazing and semi-intensive systems being most common. Nutrition is crucial for health, productivity and reproduction.
2) Poor nutrition can cause low productivity, conception and birth weights. The highest costs in goat production are associated with feeding.
3) Nutrient requirements vary based on stage of production. Creep, grower and finisher rations should be formulated based on protein and energy needs. Close attention should be paid to doe nutrition during gestation and lactation.
4) Rations should be
This document provides information on poultry farming and management. It discusses the main species of birds reared for economic benefits, including chickens, ducks, geese, quails and pigeons. It outlines the benefits of poultry farming such as low capital requirements and high returns. It also describes important considerations for poultry housing, drinking/feeding systems, chick quality, and brooding management. Finally, it discusses common poultry diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, as well as deficiency diseases, and provides treatment recommendations.
The term anatomy refers to the science that deals with the form and structure of animals. Physiology deals with the study of functions of the body or any of its parts. A thorough knowledge of the structure of an animal imparts a lot of information about the various functions it is capable of performing.
The course may be used as an introductory course to further studies; to assist you in recognising the normal, in order to determine the abnormal; to help you understand how to diagnose disease or determine if an animal has sustained an injury; to help understand the physical capabilities or limitations of particular species; to understand what happens in the nutrition and growth processes; and to assist you to get better performance from your animals.
for more, http://www.extension.org/69093 Changes in precipitation and temperature vary by region. In general the US is seeing more precipitation and the timing and intensity of precipitation is also changing. While global temperatures are increasing, it is the variability and intensity of temperatures that are of greatest consequence to animal agriculture.
The main external parasites that are problematic for poultry are mites and lice. Mite parasites feed on the blood of chickens and can cause anaemia and possible death, while lice feed on dander and feathers. The red mite causes the most problems in poultry.
This document discusses the care and management of growing-finishing pigs from weaning to slaughter weight. It outlines recommendations for deworming pigs 1-2 weeks after weaning and again 1-2 months later to treat roundworm. Mange mites are also a common parasite issue, with treatments discussed. Vaccinating pigs against hog cholera 2 weeks after weaning or 1 week after deworming is generally recommended. Feeds should be shifted gradually between types to avoid diarrhea. Ad libitum or restricted feeding can be used. The document provides protein requirements for different pig life stages and feeds.
This document discusses different breeds of poultry found in Sri Lanka, including their origins and characteristics. It describes the Rhode Island Red breed, which originated in Rhode Island and Massachusetts in the US. It is a dual purpose breed raised for both meat and eggs. The document also describes the local Village Chicken breed, which shows wide variation in size, color, and shape. Village chickens are well adapted for the local environment but lay few eggs. Finally, it discusses the White Plymouth breed, which originated in the US and is also a dual purpose breed used for both eggs and meat. It compares the characteristics of these three common poultry breeds found in Sri Lanka.
The Farmer’s Hand Book on Pig Production is a colourful and simply-written manual from the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. This book was developed to educate pig farmers .It provides a lot of information on breeding, feeding, housing pigs, detection and treatment of swine diseases.
Ps 101 itroduction to poultry production full coursemithu mehr
This document provides an overview of poultry production and incubation. It begins with an introduction to poultry science and the importance of the poultry industry. It then discusses different types of poultry including broilers, layers, and breeders. The document outlines the classification of poultry breeds and varieties. It also describes the development of poultry from initial uses for entertainment to specialized breeding for food production. A large portion of the document is dedicated to describing the process of incubation, including natural incubation using broody hens and artificial incubation using incubators. It provides details on the requirements, types, and operation of different incubators.
This document provides an overview of animal breeding and genetics concepts. It discusses what animal breeding is, defines a breed, and covers the two fundamental questions faced by animal breeders: what is the best animal and how do you breed animals to improve future generations. Key methods discussed include selection, mating, identification, recording, and estimating breeding values. A brief history of animal breeding is also provided.
This document provides an overview of poultry production. It begins with an introduction to poultry and the importance of poultry farming, particularly for small rural families. It then covers key topics like the domestication of poultry, types of poultry birds, taxonomy and classification of chickens, important chicken breeds, and the reproductive and egg structures of chickens. The document aims to present foundational information on poultry production.
Food animals are those considered for human consumption, mainly cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry. A small number of species provide the majority of meat despite thousands being theoretically suitable. Meat consumption varies between geographical regions based on availability, religion, and customs. Conventional foods in one area may be unconventional in others, for example Hindus abstain from beef and Muslims avoid pork. Meat is defined as the edible muscle and offal of food animals.
This document provides information on pig management, including the advantages and disadvantages of pig farming, chemical composition of pork, breeding management factors, selection of boars and sows, guidelines for pig reproduction, management at breeding, detection of heat in sows, feeding management considerations, and water requirements. Some key advantages listed are pigs' efficient conversion of feed to meat, high reproductive rates, and ability to utilize various feed sources. Breeding management covers selection criteria and breeding systems. Feeding discusses pigs' digestion and nutrition needs.
Poultry production has become specialized into three main areas: breeding farms, egg farms, and broiler farms. Breeding farms research the best parent stock combinations to produce commercial chicks. Egg farms raise pullets and maintain layers for egg production. Broiler farms grow meat-type chickens for approximately 6-7 weeks until they reach market weight. Other specialized industries that support poultry production include feed mills, medication and supplement providers, and processing facilities. Proper selection of hatching eggs and environmental control in incubation are important for successful hatching.
This document provides definitions for various terminology used in the beef cattle industry. It defines 20 terms, including ad lib feeding, artificial insemination, average daily gain, backcross, barbed wire, birth weight, and biosecurity. The definitions cover production, management, health, and marketing terms related to beef cattle.
Native chicken production is an important part of the agricultural system in the Philippines. Around 54% of chickens in the country are native breeds that are raised freely and forage for food. Native chickens are well-adapted to local conditions, require minimal care, and their meat and eggs are preferred for taste. Organic farming aims to provide natural living conditions for animals through free-range access and organic feed without drugs. Native chickens contribute low-cholesterol meat and eggs to diets while serving as a source of income and protein for rural communities. Improved management practices such as housing, selecting productive stock, incubation, brooding, and feeding can help increase egg production to 130-200 eggs per year.
Animal husbandry involves rearing, feeding, caring for, breeding, and disease control of animals. The main elements are proper feeding, shelter, health maintenance, and breeding. Animal husbandry is important for ensuring nutrition and involves cattle farming for milk and labor. Cattle are fed roughages like hay and concentrates containing proteins and nutrients. Breeding can be natural or artificial insemination. Common diseases include anthrax, tuberculosis, and foot and mouth disease.
This document discusses poultry production in Pakistan. It begins by defining poultry and describing common poultry species. It then discusses the history and development of the commercial poultry industry in Pakistan from the 1960s onward. Key points include that poultry provides a source of income and employment for many Pakistanis and plays an important role in meeting the country's protein demand. The poultry sector has grown significantly in recent decades and contributes substantially to Pakistan's economy and agriculture.
a goodosjv jkcdsdsjvfdbjlfblkbn full-handout-of-poultry.pdfJhonAdrianVargas
This document provides an overview of poultry production and hatchery management. It begins with definitions of key terms like poultry, chick, pullet, hen, cockerel, cock/rooster, and broiler. It then discusses the origin and domestication of chickens, tracing them back to the red jungle fowl in Southeast Asia thousands of years ago. The document also classifies chickens based on geographical region, describing major classes like Asiatic, American, English, and Mediterranean breeds. It notes that chickens are the most widespread poultry in Ethiopia but are mostly local breeds with low productivity. The goal of the document is to introduce concepts in poultry science and management.
Different Breeds Of Domesticated Farm Animals And Their CharacteristicsAmila Athapaththu
This document provides information about rabbits, including their classification, body parts, differences between rabbits and hares, and details on three domestic rabbit breeds: New Zealand white, Californian giant, and Vienna blue. It describes the physical characteristics and uses of each breed. Additional sections cover rabbit farming, breeding, feeding recommendations, common health issues, and care. The New Zealand white is known for its white fur and red eyes, while the Californian giant has a white body with black extremities. The Vienna blue has a steel blue color and is developed for both meat and fur.
TRAINING OF AASPs& FARMERS UNDER DLSP 2013.mubiru rashid
This document provides information on livestock production and management in Buliisa District. It covers topics such as common breeds of livestock, production systems, breeding and reproduction, housing, health and hygiene, good management practices, and marketing. The main livestock discussed are cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and poultry. Housing requirements, health issues, records keeping and economic considerations for profitable livestock farming are also summarized.
The document discusses piggery farming, including the different systems of pig rearing, housing requirements, daily operations, breeding techniques, production of pork and other products from pigs. It provides information on selecting appropriate pig breeds, feeding, healthcare, breeding methods, processing the carcass after slaughter, and uses of various pig body parts.
This document discusses ostrich farming as a new development in the poultry industry of Pakistan. It provides details on ostrich biology, including that ostriches are the largest birds in the world, can reach over 6 feet tall, and are capable of running up to 65 km/hr. Ostrich meat is described as healthy and similar to beef. The document outlines ostrich anatomy, physiology, breeding behaviors such as mating displays, and farming practices like egg incubation which typically lasts 42-44 days. Ostrich farming is presented as an emerging industry with potential in Pakistan.
This document provides an overview of sustainable goat production. It discusses selecting healthy goats, feeding ruminants, raising goats on pasture through both continuous and controlled grazing, and related ATTRA publications on topics like dairy goats, meat goats, grazing, and predator control. The document is from the National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service and provides fundamental information on feeding, reproduction, health, and includes an extensive resource list for goat producers.
The document discusses the author's experience working with a variety of large animal species on farms and as a farrier. It provides details on the different breeds raised including horses, cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. The author outlines their experience with breeding, nutrition, housing, preventative healthcare and reproductive cycles for various species. Specific protocols for vaccination and deworming of horses and ruminants are also discussed.
The document provides information about poultry biology and anatomy. It discusses that poultry includes domesticated birds like chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese and quail. It then describes the aims of poultry production including meat and egg production. Finally, it summarizes some of the unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of birds, such as their feathers, respiratory system, digestive system and lack of teeth.
The document discusses strategies for enhancing food production through animal husbandry, dairy and poultry farm management, fisheries, apiculture, and plant breeding. It provides details on:
1) Key aspects of dairy and poultry farm management including proper feeding, hygiene, health care, and veterinary support to increase food yields.
2) Methods of animal breeding like artificial insemination and embryo transfer technology to develop high yielding breeds.
3) Classical plant breeding techniques to develop varieties with higher nutrition, stress tolerance and disease resistance by crossbreeding pure lines and selecting superior offspring.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
3. ‘-
3
Agriculture – is an Art, Science and business in raising plants and
animals
Divisions of Agriculture
v Animal Science
v Agronomy
v Horticulture
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4
Animal Science is best described as the study of the biology of animals that is
under human control
It is also described as the management and production of farm animals. It is
also called as Animal Husbandry
Animal Science deal mainly on the study of anatomy, physiology, care,
management and production of animals
Animal Science is concerned with the science and business of producing
domestic animals, including but not limited to cattle, buffalo, horses,
swine, sheep, goats and poultry
Animal Science
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These will applies the different principles of the biological, physical
and social sciences to the problems associated with animal production
and management
If you want to be an animal science major, you will be inculcated
with in depth knowledge of the following:
1. animal production
2. Animal breeding and reproduction,
3. animal care and management
4. Animal health
5. Processing and marketing of animal products
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6
ØWe must be aware that we are the caretakers and beneficiaries of
livestock and poultry production
ØAnd why animal science is important to the population?
Animals have many contributions to the human population, these
includes;
Food
Clothing
Livelihood
Work
Companionship
7. ‘-
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Food contribution of the animals alone, can directly
define the relationship between the human and animals.
Increase in human population means there is also an
increase in animal contribution.
8. ‘-
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Man, Animal and Ecosystem.
Man’s role in relation to plants and animals is beautifully defined
in Genesis 1:28-29 of the Holy Bible when God said to Adam and Eve:
“Be fertile and multiple, fill the earth and subdue it. Have
dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air and over all the
living things that move on earth”. God also said, “See I give you every
seed- bearing plant all over the earth and every tree that has seed-
bearing fruit on it to be your food; and to all the animals of the land,
all the birds of the air and all the living creatures that crawl on the
ground, I give all the green plants for food”.
9. ‘-
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ØAn ecosystem is a community of living
organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in
conjunction with the non-living components
of the environment (things like air, water, and
mineral soil), interacting as a system.
10. ‘-
10
In an ecosystem the continued growth of plants and animals
depends on maintenance of the balance between the food
producers (plants) and the food consumers (animals and man).
Figure 1. Shows the components of an ecological system and
their interrelationships.
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Animal and Their Economic Utility
Notwithstanding the relative inefficiency of animals in the production of food,
they are important components of the food production system. They have distinctive
attributes that enhance the ability of an agricultural system to produce food for
human:
1. Animals can feed on and convert plants and other materials which would
have otherwise gone to waste, into rich human food.
2. Animal products have chemical composition that closely resemble man’s
dietary requirements, and therefore more digestible and nutritious.
3. Used as draft, transport and amusement
4. Create other animal industries
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While food is the most important contribution of animals
to human welfare, animals have been domesticated by
man to provide him with the skin and hairs for clothing and
shelter, animal power for transport traction and beauty,
amusement and companion.
Table 1 gives the most important species of animals that
have been domesticated by for their economic value.
14. ‘-
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14
SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME MAIN USES
Livestock/Mammals:
Horses
Ass
Mule
Camel
Cattle
Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Pigs
Rabbit
Poultry:
Chicken
Mallard Ducks
Muscovy ducks
Goose
Turkey
Pigeon
Quail
Guinea fowl
Equius caballos
Equius asinus
(Hybrid of male Ass and mare)
Camelus dromedaries
Bos taurus/indicus
Bubalus bubalis
Ovis aries
Capra hircus
Sus scrofa/vitatus
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Gallus gallus
Anas boschas
Cairina moschata
Anser anser/domisticus
Meleagris gallopavo
Columbia livia
Coturnix coturnix
Numida meleagridis
Traction, transport & amusement
Traction and transport
Traction and transport
Transport
Meat, milk, hide, traction & transport
Meat, milk, traction & transport
Meat, milk, and hair (wool)
Meat and milk
Meat
Meat and skin
Meat, eggs & amusement
Meat and eggs
Meat and eggs
Meat and eggs
Meat and eggs
Meat and amusement
Meat and eggs
Meat
15. ‘-
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Animal Agriculture and the Population Problems
Even as the animals that are commonly raised for food are already
quite extensively produced, they are not enough to meet the world’s
protein needs.
With the ever-increasing human population and the attendant
contraction of load for agricultural production, the challenge to produce
more animal food products is becoming more and more severe. In recent
years, the rate of increase of Filipinos is already overtaking the growth in
livestock production in the Philippines.
16. ‘-
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Animal Science and the animal Industry
Through technological advances in animal science, the animal industry in
the Philippines has developed from a basically backyard and self-
subsistence production system.
Through technological advances in animal science, the animal industry in
the Philippines has developed from a basically backyard and self-
subsistence production system.
The successfully well to the changing conditions of the biological, physical
and socio-economic and political environments
17. ‘-
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The development of:
more efficient and productive breeds and varieties of
animals through breeding,
of cheaper and more nutritious feed materials for animal
feed,
of new drugs and feed additives,
of new systems of housing and management that more
economically improves the health and performance of animals,
of cheaper and more economical processing of animal
products, etc.
18. ‘-
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1.why do you study animals science? How it is important
to a particular country?
2. Why do plant considered producers?
Quiz no. 1
19. ‘-
19
Quiz No. 2
1. Explain the relationship of Animal science and Animal
industry?
2. Differentiate livestock and poultry animals?
20. ‘-
20
Animal Science Glossary of Terms
General Terms:
Parturition - Act of delivery of young/ Act of giving birth
Calving – act of giving birth in cows
Farrowing – act og giving birth in sows
Kidding – act of giving birth in goats
Foaling – act of giving birth in Mares
Lambing – act lf giving birth in Ewes
Gestation – pregnancy, time from conception to birth.
Conception – act of fertilization
Dam – female parent
Sire – male parent
Fertility – ability to produce fertilizable ova and to provide proper environment
for and initiating cell division and embryonic development.
- Ability to produce large number of sperm capable of fertilization.
Fecundity/Prolificacy – ability to give birth to offspring frequently
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Sterility – inability to produce normal young
Impotency – failure to copulate
Puberty – sexual maturity as exhibited by first heat or ovulation.
Weanling – young animal, after separation from its dam.
B. Cattle - Bos taurus/Bos indicus and Carabao (Bubalus bubalis/
Bubalus carabanensis
Ox – ruminant member of bovine family
Cattle – domesticated bovine animals
Bull – male breeding cattle of any age
Cow – mature female ox, one that has given birth
22. ‘-
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Heifer – young female ox under 3 years of age, usually one that has not yet
given birth.
Steer – male ox castrated before sexual maturity.
Stag – male ox after sexual maturity
Calf – young ox of either sex under one year of age
Bull calf – young male calf under one year of age
Carabull – carabao bull
Bullock – usually a stag for draft purposes
Caraheifer – young female carabao under three year of age that has not yet
given birth
Caracow – mature female carabao that has given birth
Transmitting ability – the ability of an animal to pass on either good or bad traits
to its progeny
Proven sire – bull about whom one have sufficient unselected information to
indicate his transmitting ability
23. ‘-
23
C. Horse (Equus caballus)
Stallion – mature male horse; If the horse is used for breeding purposes,
the term studhorse is preferred.
Mare – mature female horse; Broodmare is the term for the female horse
used for breeding purposes.
Colt – young male horse usually up to 3 years old
Filly – young female horse usually up to 3 years old
Foal – young horse of either sex below one year of age
Gelding – horse which was castrated white young
Yeld mare or dry mare – one which has not yet produced any young
during the breeding season
Ridgeling – stallion with only one testis or none in its scrotum
Equitition – horsemanship, the act of riding on horseback
24. ‘-
24
D. Swine (Sus scrofa/ Sus vitatus/Sus domisticus)
Boar – male pigs of any age
Sow – mature female pig that has given birth
Gilt – young female pig under one year of age, usually one that has
not yet given birth
Shote – young pig of either sex, weighing approximately 60 kgs.
Barrow – male pig which was castrated while young; or male pig that
was castrated before secondary sex characters have developed.
Stag – a male pig castrated after sexual maturity
Weanling – young pigs separate from the sow, about 4-5 weeks old
Suckling – young pigs from birth up to weaning
Litter – group of pigs born in one farrowing
Litter size – the number of young pigs born in one farrowing
25. ‘-
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E. Sheep and Goat (Ovis aries and Capra hircus)
Ram – male sheep of any age for breeding purposes
Ewe – female sheep of any age
Lamb – young sheep of either sex below one year of age
Wether sheep – male sheep which was castrated while young
preferably between 1-3 weeks of age
Shearling - yearling sheep with two teeth
Fleece – wool covering the sheep
Billy goat or buck – mal goat of any age
Pelt – wool and skin of a sheep
Doe – female goat of any age
Kid – young goat of either sex below one year of age
Wether goat – male goat castrated before the secondary sex characters
have developed
26. ‘-
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F. Poultry: Chicken (Gallus gallus/Gallus domisticus); Mallard (Anas platyrinchos); Muscovy
(Cairina muschata; Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo); Pigeon (Columbia livia); Quail (Coturnix
coturnix); Geese (Cygnopsis cygnoides)
Poultry – collective term for all domestic birds rendering economic service to man.
Chicken – one of the more common poultry species different from turkeys, ducks
geese etc.
Chick – young chicken while in the down stage
Rooster – a male fowl one year old of over
Cockerel – a male fowl less than one year old
Capon – a caponized male, readily distinguished by the undeveloped comb and
wattles
Pulltet – a female fowl less that one old
Drake – a male duck
Duck – a female duck
Duckling – a young duck in the down stage
Plumage – the feathers of a fowl
Poult – the young of the domestic turkey
27. ‘-
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G. Meat and Meat Products
Beef – meat of cattle one year old and above
Veal – meat of cattle less than one year old
Pork – meat of swine/pig/hog
Venison – meat of deer
Mutton – meat of sheep one year old and above
Lamb – meat of sheep less than one year of age
Chevon – meat of goat
Horsemeat meat of horse
Carabeef/caraveal – meat of carabao
Game meat – meat of game animals (wild or hunted)