The document discusses the author's experience working with a variety of large animal species on farms and as a farrier. It provides details on the different breeds raised including horses, cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. The author outlines their experience with breeding, nutrition, housing, preventative healthcare and reproductive cycles for various species. Specific protocols for vaccination and deworming of horses and ruminants are also discussed.
This document provides information on pig management, including the advantages and disadvantages of pig farming, chemical composition of pork, breeding management factors, selection of boars and sows, guidelines for pig reproduction, management at breeding, detection of heat in sows, feeding management considerations, and water requirements. Some key advantages listed are pigs' efficient conversion of feed to meat, high reproductive rates, and ability to utilize various feed sources. Breeding management covers selection criteria and breeding systems. Feeding discusses pigs' digestion and nutrition needs.
This document outlines the typical yearly cycle for raising sheep, beginning with breeding season in October and ending when the cycle repeats the following October. Key points include: rams are added in October to breed ewes; lambing occurs in March after a 152-day gestation; newborn lambs are jugged with their mothers and receive care; lambs are weaned at around 90 days old; ewes recover over summer before the breeding season starts again in the fall.
The document discusses topics for raising rabbits for 4-H competitions, including general information, selection, validation, facilities, equipment, feeding, and health. It recommends commercial breeds like Californian and New Zealand for meat pens due to their round bodies. Pens must be the same breed and weight, housed individually. It provides requirements for cages, feeders, water, and a 16% protein diet, adjusting amounts before shows. The most important health aspects are clean facilities, food, and water.
The document provides guidelines for feeding sheep and goats at different stages of production. It discusses nutrient requirements for maintenance, flushing, gestation, lactation, weaning, and growing lambs and kids. Feeding recommendations are given for different forage types and amounts of grain supplementation. Protein levels are outlined for various classes of animals. The goal is to meet nutritional needs at lowest cost while maintaining body condition.
This document provides an overview of rabbit production. It discusses the types of rabbits used for meat production, their housing and feeding needs, and basic reproduction. Rabbits can provide meat and wool. While not widely consumed in the US, rabbit meat production has benefits as a small-scale livestock option. The document outlines management practices and some common health issues to consider in rabbitry.
Importance of utilizing slaughterhouse offal’sanandjeughale2
Importance according to byproducts classification.
use & importance is given with market information,Act's and production/utilization in private sector aspects.
.
.
.
Anand Gajanan Jeughale (LPT, COVAS Parbhani
MAFSU ,Maharashtra)
Stall fed sheep and goat rearing and its managementBharathM64
Rearing sheep and goats has several benefits, including low input costs, multiple offspring per year that provide financial security, and milk that is high in nutrients and digestible. Housing should have good drainage, ventilation, and protection from wind, and include areas for feeding, watering, and birthing. Breeds like Bellari are suitable for the region. Proper herd ratios, reproduction management including estrus detection and breeding timing, and care of newborns and young are important. Feeding a varied diet and vaccinating can prevent diseases. Rearing sheep and goats can be economically viable with initial and ongoing costs outlined.
This document discusses the care and management of sows and piglets from breeding through weaning. Key points include:
- Sows should farrow twice per year and be bred during peak heat periods.
- Farrowing pens should be cleaned and disinfected before sows farrow. Newborn piglets need to be cleaned, have their navels dipped in iodine, and helped to nurse.
- Creep feeding of additional nutrients starts at 2-3 weeks to supplement sow's milk as piglets grow.
- Weaning typically occurs at 7-8 weeks by gradually separating sows from piglets to reduce stress.
This document provides information on pig management, including the advantages and disadvantages of pig farming, chemical composition of pork, breeding management factors, selection of boars and sows, guidelines for pig reproduction, management at breeding, detection of heat in sows, feeding management considerations, and water requirements. Some key advantages listed are pigs' efficient conversion of feed to meat, high reproductive rates, and ability to utilize various feed sources. Breeding management covers selection criteria and breeding systems. Feeding discusses pigs' digestion and nutrition needs.
This document outlines the typical yearly cycle for raising sheep, beginning with breeding season in October and ending when the cycle repeats the following October. Key points include: rams are added in October to breed ewes; lambing occurs in March after a 152-day gestation; newborn lambs are jugged with their mothers and receive care; lambs are weaned at around 90 days old; ewes recover over summer before the breeding season starts again in the fall.
The document discusses topics for raising rabbits for 4-H competitions, including general information, selection, validation, facilities, equipment, feeding, and health. It recommends commercial breeds like Californian and New Zealand for meat pens due to their round bodies. Pens must be the same breed and weight, housed individually. It provides requirements for cages, feeders, water, and a 16% protein diet, adjusting amounts before shows. The most important health aspects are clean facilities, food, and water.
The document provides guidelines for feeding sheep and goats at different stages of production. It discusses nutrient requirements for maintenance, flushing, gestation, lactation, weaning, and growing lambs and kids. Feeding recommendations are given for different forage types and amounts of grain supplementation. Protein levels are outlined for various classes of animals. The goal is to meet nutritional needs at lowest cost while maintaining body condition.
This document provides an overview of rabbit production. It discusses the types of rabbits used for meat production, their housing and feeding needs, and basic reproduction. Rabbits can provide meat and wool. While not widely consumed in the US, rabbit meat production has benefits as a small-scale livestock option. The document outlines management practices and some common health issues to consider in rabbitry.
Importance of utilizing slaughterhouse offal’sanandjeughale2
Importance according to byproducts classification.
use & importance is given with market information,Act's and production/utilization in private sector aspects.
.
.
.
Anand Gajanan Jeughale (LPT, COVAS Parbhani
MAFSU ,Maharashtra)
Stall fed sheep and goat rearing and its managementBharathM64
Rearing sheep and goats has several benefits, including low input costs, multiple offspring per year that provide financial security, and milk that is high in nutrients and digestible. Housing should have good drainage, ventilation, and protection from wind, and include areas for feeding, watering, and birthing. Breeds like Bellari are suitable for the region. Proper herd ratios, reproduction management including estrus detection and breeding timing, and care of newborns and young are important. Feeding a varied diet and vaccinating can prevent diseases. Rearing sheep and goats can be economically viable with initial and ongoing costs outlined.
This document discusses the care and management of sows and piglets from breeding through weaning. Key points include:
- Sows should farrow twice per year and be bred during peak heat periods.
- Farrowing pens should be cleaned and disinfected before sows farrow. Newborn piglets need to be cleaned, have their navels dipped in iodine, and helped to nurse.
- Creep feeding of additional nutrients starts at 2-3 weeks to supplement sow's milk as piglets grow.
- Weaning typically occurs at 7-8 weeks by gradually separating sows from piglets to reduce stress.
The document provides guidance on caring for piglets from birth through weaning. Key points include:
- Ensuring piglets receive colostrum within the first day to acquire immunity and nutrients.
- Maintaining warm temperatures in the creep area and providing supplemental iron if needed.
- Performing procedures like tail docking, teeth clipping, and castration within the first week.
- Starting creep feeding around 2-3 weeks and monitoring for common diseases prior to weaning between 4-8 weeks of age.
The document provides guidance on caring for cows before, during, and after calving. It discusses isolating cows that are close to calving, monitoring for signs that calving is imminent, and what to do during each stage of the calving process. It also covers caring for the newborn calf, ensuring it receives colostrum, and general feeding and health practices for mother and calf in the days and weeks after birth.
Sheep and goats were among the first animals domesticated for dairy production around 6000-7000 BC. They are multi-purpose animals used for meat, milk, fiber, skins and more. While sheep and goats share some similarities as small ruminants, there are key physical, behavioral, and production differences between the two. The global sheep and goat populations are over 1 billion each, with China and India having the largest inventories. In the US, the sheep industry has declined since WWII but the goat industry has grown, focused mainly on meat production in Texas. Both industries face challenges around infrastructure, regulations, and competition.
Goat care and management depends on factors like age, health, nutrition, and facilities. Young kids have very different needs than mature goats. Goats are bred for milk, meat, fiber, and other purposes. Worldwide there are over 460 million goats producing milk and meat. Housing can be confinement or pasture systems. Feeding requires energy, protein, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water. Newborn kids need colostrum. Proper health, breeding, and disease prevention are also important for goat management.
This presentation by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist Susan Schoenian discusses ewe nutrition from breeding until weaning and lamb nutrition from birth to weaning.
This document provides information on goat management, including different goat breeds, health concerns, feeding, housing, breeding, and developing a herd health management program. It discusses the Nubian, Anglo-Nubian, Alpine, Damascus, Angora, and Somali breeds. Common diseases mentioned are CAE, caseous lymphadenitis, pregnancy toxemia, and selenium deficiency. The document emphasizes the importance of proper nutrition, facilities, health protocols like deworming, and record keeping for goat health.
This document provides guidance on preparing for lambing and kidding during the last 4-6 weeks of gestation. Proper nutrition is critical to support fetal growth and mammary development. Energy is the most important nutrient and grain may need to be supplemented. Other important aspects are calcium, selenium, vitamins, and parasite management. Facilities and supplies should be prepared, including medications. Colostrum is vital and the dam is the best source. Overall husbandry should minimize stress during late gestation.
This document discusses developing weaning programs for Katahdin sheep flocks. It explains that weaning involves removing lambs from their mothers' milk and separating them. Weaning can be stressful but has benefits for both ewes and lambs. Common weaning ages range from 3-6 months. Factors like lamb weight, breed, and pasture availability determine the best weaning time. The document provides details on early and late weaning programs and managing ewes and lambs through the process.
The document provides information on selecting, feeding, exercising, and maintaining the health of show pigs from the perspective of an extension agent. It emphasizes that selection of the right pig is the most important decision, and that pigs should be fed for rapid growth while monitored weekly. Regular exercise is important to increase metabolism and prepare pigs for showing. Vaccinations and deworming, in addition to providing a clean environment, are key to keeping pigs healthy.
The document provides guidelines for selecting, caring for, training, and showing a calf at a calf club competition. It discusses selecting a calf with the right temperament and health, grazing and feeding requirements which include twice daily milk feeds, introducing calf meal at 2 weeks, weaning at 2-3 weeks, and fitting and training the calf with a halter to lead. It also describes the three competition classes - leading, child effort, and type - and provides details about performing each class.
This document summarizes a webinar on selecting replacement ewes and culling underperforming ewes from the flock. The presenter discusses various criteria for selecting replacement ewes, including individual performance records, pedigree information, estimated breeding values, and visual appraisal. Traits like reproductive soundness, conformation, and health are important to evaluate. The main reasons for culling ewes include age, failure to lamb, udder/mastitis issues, parasites, and other health problems. Culling is necessary to improve the overall productivity and health of the flock over time.
This is a presentation about getting reading for lambing and kidding. It was originally presented by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist at the 2009 Lambing & Kidding School in Waldorf, Maryland.
Raising dairy calves requires knowledge, skill, and investment to produce healthy replacement dairy cows. The document outlines the six phases of calf raising from birth to calving: 1) pre-calving, 2) birth to weaning, 3) weaning to six months, 4) six months to breeding, 5) breeding to near-calving, and 6) near-calving. Key aspects discussed include colostrum feeding, housing, feeding schedules, vaccinations, and health management to produce calves that meet growth targets and are suitable to enter the milking herd. The goal is calves that calve at 24 months old and have longevity and high milk production.
Breeding management for swine involves selecting breeds based on factors like prolificacy, growth ability, temperament, and disease resistance. Key factors in selecting breeding stock include litter size, strength, milking ability, and temperament. Common breeding systems are inbreeding, outbreeding, outcrossing, and crossbreeding between two breeds. Guidelines cover the normal reproduction cycle including age of puberty, breeding, gestation period, litter size, weaning, and farrowing interval. Management involves flushing sows before mating to improve physical condition and increase ovulation and litter size. Heat is detected through vulval changes, discharge, restlessness and immobility to back pressure.
This document discusses management practices for calves, including neonatal calf care after birth, colostrum feeding, housing and environment, weaning, disease management, and vaccinations. Specifically, it emphasizes the importance of neonatal care like checking vital signs at birth, feeding colostrum in the first 24 hours to provide antibodies, providing a stress-free environment for housing, and vaccinating to protect calves due to their immature immune systems. The goal of these practices is to reduce calf mortality rates and support healthy development.
This document discusses crossbreeding Katahdin sheep with other breeds to improve productivity. It describes how crossbreeding combines genes from different breeds, creating hybrid vigor or heterosis that results in crossbred offspring performing better than the average of their purebred parents. Traits like reproduction, disease resistance and longevity benefit the most from heterosis. Crossbreeding can also take advantage of breed complementarity, combining strengths from different breeds. The document examines research on crossing Katahdins with breeds like Suffolk, Texel, and Dorper to improve growth rates and carcass traits while maintaining parasite resistance. It emphasizes that crossbreeding requires a systematic approach to pairing breeds with complementary traits to achieve production goals.
Three key factors that determine dairy herd health and productivity are nutrition, cow comfort, and reproduction. Cows must be well-fed, in a comfortable environment, and bred in a timely manner to achieve their production potential. Facilities should provide adequate shade, bedding, and access to fresh water and feed. Good hygiene and biosecurity help prevent disease transmission. The dairy cow's life cycle follows a predictable pattern from birth through lactation, breeding, calving, and culling or drying off. Close management during transition periods around calving impacts health, fertility and longevity.
Care and Management of Pregnant Cows and EwesPervaiz Dar
Pregnancy is central to care and management of animals. Healthy Pregnant Animals means a Healthy and Prosperous Farm. Pregnant animals need special care for example they need suitable ration to reduce the possibility of diseases like milk fever and ketosis at the time of calving and also to ensure adequate milk production. There are other aspects which need to be cared about pregnant animals which we discuss in this presentation.
This presentation is the first is a six part series on management of the ewe and doe from late gestation through weaning. This presentation covers late gestation: management and feeding.
The document provides guidance on tube feeding newborn lambs and kids. Tube feeding can save their lives by providing nutrition when the dam is unavailable or unable to nurse. It describes when tube feeding may be necessary, such as if the dam has died or lacks milk. The document emphasizes the importance of colostrum for newborn immunity and outlines best sources of colostrum. Finally, it provides step-by-step instructions for tube feeding, including warming milk or colostrum, measuring tube insertion depth, and allowing fluid to trickle in slowly.
Hydrotherapy and aquatic therapy both involve using water-based treatments and exercises for therapeutic purposes in animals. Hydrotherapy can include soaking, icing, or swimming animals in hot or cold water for conditions like injuries, arthritis, or post-surgery rehabilitation. It aims to reduce pain and swelling while promoting blood flow and healing. Aquatic therapy specifically uses exercises in a pool as part of treatment. Both help build muscle without stressing joints and are drug-free ways to regain mobility. Common hydrotherapy methods for horses include pools, treadmills, and soaking injured areas.
Over 170 physicians support updating the scope of practice for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) in Arizona. Patient demand for healthcare has increased greatly in Arizona due to policy actions that have expanded insurance coverage. Meeting this growing demand requires all healthcare team members, including APRNs, to practice at the top of their abilities. APRNs have the support of physicians, patients, and other groups to update Arizona's century-old scope of practice language for APRNs.
The document provides guidance on caring for piglets from birth through weaning. Key points include:
- Ensuring piglets receive colostrum within the first day to acquire immunity and nutrients.
- Maintaining warm temperatures in the creep area and providing supplemental iron if needed.
- Performing procedures like tail docking, teeth clipping, and castration within the first week.
- Starting creep feeding around 2-3 weeks and monitoring for common diseases prior to weaning between 4-8 weeks of age.
The document provides guidance on caring for cows before, during, and after calving. It discusses isolating cows that are close to calving, monitoring for signs that calving is imminent, and what to do during each stage of the calving process. It also covers caring for the newborn calf, ensuring it receives colostrum, and general feeding and health practices for mother and calf in the days and weeks after birth.
Sheep and goats were among the first animals domesticated for dairy production around 6000-7000 BC. They are multi-purpose animals used for meat, milk, fiber, skins and more. While sheep and goats share some similarities as small ruminants, there are key physical, behavioral, and production differences between the two. The global sheep and goat populations are over 1 billion each, with China and India having the largest inventories. In the US, the sheep industry has declined since WWII but the goat industry has grown, focused mainly on meat production in Texas. Both industries face challenges around infrastructure, regulations, and competition.
Goat care and management depends on factors like age, health, nutrition, and facilities. Young kids have very different needs than mature goats. Goats are bred for milk, meat, fiber, and other purposes. Worldwide there are over 460 million goats producing milk and meat. Housing can be confinement or pasture systems. Feeding requires energy, protein, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water. Newborn kids need colostrum. Proper health, breeding, and disease prevention are also important for goat management.
This presentation by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist Susan Schoenian discusses ewe nutrition from breeding until weaning and lamb nutrition from birth to weaning.
This document provides information on goat management, including different goat breeds, health concerns, feeding, housing, breeding, and developing a herd health management program. It discusses the Nubian, Anglo-Nubian, Alpine, Damascus, Angora, and Somali breeds. Common diseases mentioned are CAE, caseous lymphadenitis, pregnancy toxemia, and selenium deficiency. The document emphasizes the importance of proper nutrition, facilities, health protocols like deworming, and record keeping for goat health.
This document provides guidance on preparing for lambing and kidding during the last 4-6 weeks of gestation. Proper nutrition is critical to support fetal growth and mammary development. Energy is the most important nutrient and grain may need to be supplemented. Other important aspects are calcium, selenium, vitamins, and parasite management. Facilities and supplies should be prepared, including medications. Colostrum is vital and the dam is the best source. Overall husbandry should minimize stress during late gestation.
This document discusses developing weaning programs for Katahdin sheep flocks. It explains that weaning involves removing lambs from their mothers' milk and separating them. Weaning can be stressful but has benefits for both ewes and lambs. Common weaning ages range from 3-6 months. Factors like lamb weight, breed, and pasture availability determine the best weaning time. The document provides details on early and late weaning programs and managing ewes and lambs through the process.
The document provides information on selecting, feeding, exercising, and maintaining the health of show pigs from the perspective of an extension agent. It emphasizes that selection of the right pig is the most important decision, and that pigs should be fed for rapid growth while monitored weekly. Regular exercise is important to increase metabolism and prepare pigs for showing. Vaccinations and deworming, in addition to providing a clean environment, are key to keeping pigs healthy.
The document provides guidelines for selecting, caring for, training, and showing a calf at a calf club competition. It discusses selecting a calf with the right temperament and health, grazing and feeding requirements which include twice daily milk feeds, introducing calf meal at 2 weeks, weaning at 2-3 weeks, and fitting and training the calf with a halter to lead. It also describes the three competition classes - leading, child effort, and type - and provides details about performing each class.
This document summarizes a webinar on selecting replacement ewes and culling underperforming ewes from the flock. The presenter discusses various criteria for selecting replacement ewes, including individual performance records, pedigree information, estimated breeding values, and visual appraisal. Traits like reproductive soundness, conformation, and health are important to evaluate. The main reasons for culling ewes include age, failure to lamb, udder/mastitis issues, parasites, and other health problems. Culling is necessary to improve the overall productivity and health of the flock over time.
This is a presentation about getting reading for lambing and kidding. It was originally presented by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist at the 2009 Lambing & Kidding School in Waldorf, Maryland.
Raising dairy calves requires knowledge, skill, and investment to produce healthy replacement dairy cows. The document outlines the six phases of calf raising from birth to calving: 1) pre-calving, 2) birth to weaning, 3) weaning to six months, 4) six months to breeding, 5) breeding to near-calving, and 6) near-calving. Key aspects discussed include colostrum feeding, housing, feeding schedules, vaccinations, and health management to produce calves that meet growth targets and are suitable to enter the milking herd. The goal is calves that calve at 24 months old and have longevity and high milk production.
Breeding management for swine involves selecting breeds based on factors like prolificacy, growth ability, temperament, and disease resistance. Key factors in selecting breeding stock include litter size, strength, milking ability, and temperament. Common breeding systems are inbreeding, outbreeding, outcrossing, and crossbreeding between two breeds. Guidelines cover the normal reproduction cycle including age of puberty, breeding, gestation period, litter size, weaning, and farrowing interval. Management involves flushing sows before mating to improve physical condition and increase ovulation and litter size. Heat is detected through vulval changes, discharge, restlessness and immobility to back pressure.
This document discusses management practices for calves, including neonatal calf care after birth, colostrum feeding, housing and environment, weaning, disease management, and vaccinations. Specifically, it emphasizes the importance of neonatal care like checking vital signs at birth, feeding colostrum in the first 24 hours to provide antibodies, providing a stress-free environment for housing, and vaccinating to protect calves due to their immature immune systems. The goal of these practices is to reduce calf mortality rates and support healthy development.
This document discusses crossbreeding Katahdin sheep with other breeds to improve productivity. It describes how crossbreeding combines genes from different breeds, creating hybrid vigor or heterosis that results in crossbred offspring performing better than the average of their purebred parents. Traits like reproduction, disease resistance and longevity benefit the most from heterosis. Crossbreeding can also take advantage of breed complementarity, combining strengths from different breeds. The document examines research on crossing Katahdins with breeds like Suffolk, Texel, and Dorper to improve growth rates and carcass traits while maintaining parasite resistance. It emphasizes that crossbreeding requires a systematic approach to pairing breeds with complementary traits to achieve production goals.
Three key factors that determine dairy herd health and productivity are nutrition, cow comfort, and reproduction. Cows must be well-fed, in a comfortable environment, and bred in a timely manner to achieve their production potential. Facilities should provide adequate shade, bedding, and access to fresh water and feed. Good hygiene and biosecurity help prevent disease transmission. The dairy cow's life cycle follows a predictable pattern from birth through lactation, breeding, calving, and culling or drying off. Close management during transition periods around calving impacts health, fertility and longevity.
Care and Management of Pregnant Cows and EwesPervaiz Dar
Pregnancy is central to care and management of animals. Healthy Pregnant Animals means a Healthy and Prosperous Farm. Pregnant animals need special care for example they need suitable ration to reduce the possibility of diseases like milk fever and ketosis at the time of calving and also to ensure adequate milk production. There are other aspects which need to be cared about pregnant animals which we discuss in this presentation.
This presentation is the first is a six part series on management of the ewe and doe from late gestation through weaning. This presentation covers late gestation: management and feeding.
The document provides guidance on tube feeding newborn lambs and kids. Tube feeding can save their lives by providing nutrition when the dam is unavailable or unable to nurse. It describes when tube feeding may be necessary, such as if the dam has died or lacks milk. The document emphasizes the importance of colostrum for newborn immunity and outlines best sources of colostrum. Finally, it provides step-by-step instructions for tube feeding, including warming milk or colostrum, measuring tube insertion depth, and allowing fluid to trickle in slowly.
Hydrotherapy and aquatic therapy both involve using water-based treatments and exercises for therapeutic purposes in animals. Hydrotherapy can include soaking, icing, or swimming animals in hot or cold water for conditions like injuries, arthritis, or post-surgery rehabilitation. It aims to reduce pain and swelling while promoting blood flow and healing. Aquatic therapy specifically uses exercises in a pool as part of treatment. Both help build muscle without stressing joints and are drug-free ways to regain mobility. Common hydrotherapy methods for horses include pools, treadmills, and soaking injured areas.
Over 170 physicians support updating the scope of practice for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) in Arizona. Patient demand for healthcare has increased greatly in Arizona due to policy actions that have expanded insurance coverage. Meeting this growing demand requires all healthcare team members, including APRNs, to practice at the top of their abilities. APRNs have the support of physicians, patients, and other groups to update Arizona's century-old scope of practice language for APRNs.
This document provides notes on management theories and approaches. It discusses classical approaches like scientific management and bureaucracy. It also covers administrative approaches, human resources approaches, quantitative approaches, systems perspectives, and contingency approaches. Specific contributors and their works are outlined, such as Taylor's principles of scientific management, Fayol's functions of management, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Attributes of excellence from Peters and Waterman are also summarized.
This strategic plan establishes the vision, mission, and mandate for the Lambton County Museums, which include the Lambton Heritage Museum, Oil Museum of Canada, and Lambton County Archives. The vision is for the museums to tell the stories of Lambton County through artifacts and history, and build a sustainable local economy and quality of life. The mission is to preserve and present local culture and history through museum programs and events. Each museum has its own mandate focused on its specific collection and purpose - the Lambton Heritage Museum preserves Lambton County history, the Oil Museum tells the story of Canada's oil industry origins, and the Lambton County Archives preserves local records and artifacts.
Cosimi_Tecnologie musicali_Ipotesi per l'esame di statoEnrico Cosimi
uno dei ppt preparati per i Laboratori di Formazione Tecnologie Musicali 2015, organizzati dal MIUR e tenuti presso il Liceo Musicale "Alfano I" di Salerno
This document discusses several key concepts in organizational performance and management. It defines effectiveness as doing the right things and achieving goals, while efficiency is doing things right by minimizing costs and maximizing outputs. It also describes Mintzberg's roles approach that identifies managerial roles as interpersonal, informational, and decisional. Technical, human, and conceptual skills are important at different management levels, with executives focusing more on conceptual skills and first-line managers on technical skills. Building a vision and maintaining ethical standards are important challenges for management in a global environment.
The document provides an overview of business plans, including their objectives, importance, and key elements. It discusses that a business plan is a written document that describes a business concept and goals, management, marketing, operations, and financial plans. Business plans are important as they allow entrepreneurs to realistically assess their business idea, secure financing, and provide guidance to employees. Key elements included in a business plan are an executive summary, company description, management team, marketing plan, operations plan, and financial projections. The document also provides tips on developing an effective business plan and what readers are looking for from a plan.
Evolve Builders Group Inc. designs and builds unique portable classrooms called mobEE classrooms that merge natural building techniques like straw bale construction with modern features. mobEE classrooms provide a comfortable, healthy, and energy efficient learning environment. Teachers and students find the mobEE classrooms to be cozy spaces that are well insulated from temperature fluctuations. mobEE classrooms have benefits for both people and the planet by using natural, non-toxic materials and being designed for low energy consumption and operational costs.
uno dei ppt proiettati a Salerno, Liceo Musicale I, durante i Laboratori di Formazione Tecnologie Musicali. I Copyright delle immagini appartengono ai rispettivi autori.
Uno dei ppt proiettati durante i Laboratori di Formazione Tecnologie Musicali 2015 organizzati dal MIUR presso il Licelo Musicale "Alfano I" di Salerno
Feeder steers are raised to be butchered for meat production, while show calves are raised to be exhibited for their breeding qualities. Feeder steers are kept and fed in large feedlots until slaughter, while show calves receive individualized care and training. The probable outcome for feeder steers is slaughter, while show calves may go on to breed cows or be slaughtered depending on their sex.
Feeder steers are raised to be butchered for meat production, while show calves are raised to be exhibited for their breeding qualities. Feeder steers are kept and fed in large feedlots until slaughter, while show calves receive individualized care and training. The probable outcome for feeder steers is slaughter, while show calves may go on to breed cows or be slaughtered depending on their sex.
Feeder steers are raised to be butchered for meat production, while show calves are raised to be exhibited for their breeding qualities. Feeder steers are kept and fed in large feedlots until slaughter, while show calves receive individualized care and training. The probable outcome for feeder steers is slaughter, while show calves may go on to breed cows or be slaughtered depending on their sex.
The document discusses goat welfare. It notes that goats are raised for milk, meat, wool and fiber, and that goat welfare is important for disease prevention and healthy living conditions. Basic welfare requirements for goats include adequate food, water, space, and protection from climate extremes, predators, and disease. The document outlines management practices during pregnancy and after birth, as well as drought management and the role of animal welfare societies.
I HOPE THIS MIGHT HELP THOSE STUDENTS WHO ARE HAVING SUBJECTS SUCH AS HELE or TLE (TAKING CARE OF POULTRY).....
I TAUGHT THIS SLIDE TO MY STUDENTS.....
Domestication of the European rabbit probably occurred in monasteries during the Middle Ages. By the middle of the 17th century, rabbits were commonly raised in England and continental Europe. Oryctolagus cuniculus, one of the more successful mammals of the world, is both prolific and adaptable.
Most of the fancy breeds were developed within the past 100 years, and only since the early 1900s have rabbits been raised domestically in the United
States. The first commercial colonies were started in southern California. Meat rationing during World War II gave the infant industry a push. Today, approximately 200,000 people are engaged in some phase of the rabbit business
in the United States, and animals are produced in every state. Meat processors serving major cities market more than 10 million pounds of rabbit meat annually.
The document discusses piggery farming, including the different systems of pig rearing, housing requirements, daily operations, breeding techniques, production of pork and other products from pigs. It provides information on selecting appropriate pig breeds, feeding, healthcare, breeding methods, processing the carcass after slaughter, and uses of various pig body parts.
This document provides guidance on dairy herd and cattle management practices at different stages of an animal's life. It discusses recommendations for calf, heifer, and cow nutrition as well as health practices from birth through lactation and pregnancy. Record keeping is important for herd management. Housing, feeding, breeding, and health programs need to minimize stress and risks of disease while maximizing productivity and animal welfare. Proper management varies by climate and breed but generally aims to support health, growth, and milk production through the dairy cattle lifecycle.
RAISING ORGANIC SMALL RUMINANTS AND BREEDINGHendreBacolod1
This document provides information on selecting and raising organic small ruminants. It discusses selecting healthy stock and suitable cages. It also covers breed types of goats, their characteristics, health indicators, and characteristics of breeders. Sources of replacement stock and considerations for suitable cages are outlined. The document provides guidance on proper housing and management of small ruminants.
'Care of the Geriatric Horse,' presented by Dr. Jen Gold, DACVIM-LAIM internal medicine specialist. This presentation is a great resource for all horse owners!
This document provides an overview of sustainable goat production. It discusses selecting healthy goats, feeding ruminants, raising goats on pasture through both continuous and controlled grazing, and related ATTRA publications on topics like dairy goats, meat goats, grazing, and predator control. The document is from the National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service and provides fundamental information on feeding, reproduction, health, and includes an extensive resource list for goat producers.
This document provides information and guidance for keeping chickens and maintaining egg production. It discusses the egg and the hen, housing requirements, common health issues, vices to avoid, feeding practices, and troubleshooting production issues. Tips are provided for rearing chicks and pullets, replacing flocks annually for optimal production, and maintaining hen health and welfare. The document aims to help poultry owners get the most from their flock.
The document discusses the guinea pig, including its taxonomy, history, common varieties, anatomy, physiology, reproduction, housing, feeding, behavior, diseases, and care. It provides details on the taxonomic classification of guinea pigs, listing them in the order Rodentia and family Caviidae. It also outlines the identification of male and female guinea pigs and describes the gestation period and litter sizes of guinea pigs.
Jacinta is a veterinary student who has gained hands-on experience in various livestock industries through the AHEMS program. This document shares her experiences at different farms and what she has learned about animal production, disease prevention, environmental sustainability, and the economic and social aspects of being a veterinarian. These placements have helped her grow her skills and better understand the roles and responsibilities of veterinarians beyond clinical care.
This document discusses common vices exhibited by livestock, including eye rolling, tongue rolling, self-licking and hair/wool eating, object sucking, intersucking between calves, and intersucking or milk suckling among adult animals. These vices are abnormal habits that can be caused by factors like genetics, confinement, or low-quality diets. Solutions aim to provide animals with free movement, balanced diets including salt mixtures, and separation from other animals exhibiting the behaviors.
The document discusses animal husbandry practices for raising livestock such as cattle and poultry. It covers topics like cattle breeds, dairy and draught animals, cattle diseases and their prevention, poultry breeds, egg and meat production, and fish farming. The key aspects are breeding cattle to improve milk yield through cross-breeding of indigenous and exotic breeds, maintaining animal health through vaccination and sanitation, and managing poultry and fish farms for optimal meat and egg production.
Raising dairy calves requires knowledge, skill, and proper management practices to produce healthy replacement dairy cows. The document outlines the six phases of calf raising from birth to the pre-calving period. Key aspects include colostrum feeding within 2 hours of birth, hygienic housing and feeding, vaccination programs, and balanced nutrition to support growth targets at each stage to produce a cow ready for breeding by 15 months. Proper calf management is essential for herd health and economic success of dairy farming.
The document discusses animal and fish raising as sources of livelihood in the Philippines. It lists common occupations in animal and fish farming such as veterinarians, aquaculturists, and fish farm managers. Popular animals raised include cows, goats, and pigs, while common fish species are tilapia, milkfish, catfish, and carp. Hazards of animal and fish raising include injuries, poisoning, and diseases, but these can be prevented through safety training, sanitation practices like cleaning houses and disposing of waste properly, and regular veterinary care.
1. 1. Recognize breeds within various large animal species.
1. I have grown up on a breed show horse farm. The breeds we specialized in raising where
Appaloosas, Quarter Horses and Paints. We were also involved in breaking out horses for
various jobs. Breaking many horses to ride and drive, and work cattle brought a large variety
of breeds. Morgans, Arabians, warm bloods, and draft breeds were just a few of the more
regular breeds that where under are care and supervision during their training at my family
farm. I have been a Farrier for 13 years. This line of work has also exposed me to a great
variety of equine specimens. On my current client list; I have donkeys, mules, light drapht
breeds and stand sizes breeds. The light draft breeds that a have had the opportunity to work
with include but are not limited to Hoflingers, Fresians. I have also worked with a many
Norwegian Fjords, and Andolustions. The standard size horses include but are not limited to
Quarter Horses, Tennessee walkers, thourobred mixed breeds, and Appaloosas. I have spent
a great deal of time, around five and a half years, in the horse racing industry. During that
time I was exposed to racing thourobreds and Quarter Horses. I am currently employed at
Anoka Equine in Elk River MN. The clinic has a huge diversity of different breeds of Horses
that are seen. Anything from purebreds to mixed blood horses as well as donkeys and mules
are seen and treated at Anoka Equine. We have even had the opportunity to work with a few
Zebras.
2. Many different bovine breeds including: Herford, Holstein, Sharlay, Brahma, Black angus,
Red angus, Scottish Highlands, and Texas long horns to name a few. My family and I where
very involved with Rodeo. In that time I have the opportunity to work with Brahma bucking
bulls, long horns and long horn crosses Brafords, and Spanish fighting bulls. My father in law
has a hobby farm where he raises Herford, and Angus cattle. I am on call for helping him with
vaccinations, castration, and general herd requirements.
2. Explain nutritional and housing requirements for various large animal species.
1. Growing up on a breed show farm I gained the knowledge of the importance of good
nutrition and proper housing. I have also been able to implement the knowledge I have gained
to help some of my Farrier clients better their own horses living environments and boost their
animal’s nutrition. This has helped them improve some hoof problems as well as remedy poor
style of living for horse family. Working at Anoka Equine I have also witnessed firsthand the
impact of nutrition and housing on the overall health of the equine species. At Anoka Equine
we have had the opportunity to work closely with a few rescue groups. The horses that have
been brought in to the clinic may be undernourished, a host for parasites and fungi both
intestinal and dermal or just need a little Tender loving care and a physical exam to give them
a clean bill of health for their new home.
2. I have witnessed cattle raised on a feedlot, pasture grazed, and in a milking barn. For each of
these methods, the animal can be feed a verity of different ways. The feed lot cattle are
generally feed a high protein and fat rich diet. This regimen of feeding helps them grow faster
and gain more weight. The confinement of the feed lot insures that the cattle housed there are
not expending a great deal of energy to go from food stores to water. Agreat deal of planning
goes into keeping theses cattle less active and less stressed than say pasture cattle This
ensures the farmer or company owning theses cattle to have a high yield when the cattle reach
market weight. Pasture raised cattle are structurally different from feed lot cattle. They are
usually leaner in body type and my not have as strong of a top line as the feed lot cattle. They
don’t have as much weight to carry around, and have further to travel for things like mineral
plots and water. They are considered by some a better way to go for meat animals. Because if
the lack of pressed feed they sustain themselves of grasses and other more organic substances.
3. I have witnessed sheep, goats, and pigs raised in a pasture setting. Goats do far better with the
option to be on pasture. Their mischievous nature and inquisitiveness gets them into trouble
in some confinement areas, they need an outlet for their games. They are less stressed and
thrive better in a pasture setting than in a feed lot setting. Sheep also do quite well in a pasture
setting, given the fencing is adequate for them to not escape. They can be feed lot animals,
however they get stressed very easily. This could cause them lose weight and even become
2. sick of abort their fetus. They should be kept in groups of 2 or more to help keep them stable
and more stress free. Pigs are animals that seem to thrive under either pasture or feed lot
options. In a pasture setting they are able to wallow and keep active. In a pasture setting they
are a bit cleaner than confinement hogs. They have less parasites and are less susceptible to
illnesses that readily spread in a confinement type setting. They are leaner animals in a
pasture setting, however they also lack the growth rate that confinement brings. They have a
more organic diet with less animal fats and proteins that can cause confinement hogs issues.
3. Evaluate preventive medicine and herd health programs in various large animal species.
1. The herd health and preventative medicine programs at Anoka Equine include two different
programs. Each program is tailored to the horse’s specific parameters. The basic program
focuses on those horses that live in a closed herd environment, with little to no outside
contamination from other horses that are not in the home herd. This specific vaccination
regimen is called the basic wellness program. This program is spaced out into two visits from
the vet to the farm or two trips to the clinic. The first visit will be scheduled for the months of
March to April. This first visit will consist of a Physical Exam to determine over all wellness
of the horse. Then will go on to an ophthalmology exam to ensure the animal’s eyes are
heathy. Fallowed by vaccinations that include, Tetanus, Eastern and Western
Encephalomyelitis (sleeping sickness), West Nile Virus, Flu/Rhino complex, Coggins (EIA)
test and finally a Rabies vaccination. A fecal exam will determine if the horse has GI
parasites. A dewormer will be given to prevent and help remedy GI parasites if they are
detected. These vaccinations and exams will be repeated again in the fall months from
September to October to ensure that the horse remains healthy though the winter. The second
package is tailored to the horses that travel. They may be performance show horses or trial
riding horses. Any horse that will see other horse from outside its home herd qualify for this
program. Much like the basic program, it consists of two visits to the clinic or two farm calls.
These horses will receive much of the same exams as with the basic package.in the sprig
months of March and April a physical exam, ophthalmology exam, and a fecal exam and test
to determine the presence of GI parasites. Vaccinations that they will receive are also much
the same. The will revive, Tetanus, Eastern and Western Encephalomyelitis (sleeping
sickness), West Nile Virus, Coggins (EIA) test as well as an Intra-nasal Strep or Strangles
exam and vaccination. The second series of this package will come in the months of
September-October. They will include a physical exam and ophthalmology recheck. Sedation
will be given to the horse for a dental exam and possible floating of the teeth. At this time a
sheath cleaning will be provided for the geldings and stallions, for the mares an udder exam
and cleaning. The client will also have the opportunity to consult the Vet about nutritional
needs of their horse or the overall nutrition for their herd. Both of the packages that we offer
at Anoka Equine have the option of coming with the Potomac Horse Fever vaccination. This
vaccination can be purchased severalty and given by the client, or I can be given as part of the
horse twice a year routine. This is because not all clients’ horses need this vaccination.
2. I participated in helping my family with herd health and the vaccinations of our beef cattle
The cattle That I am involved with get Nasalgen Bovine Rhinotrecheitis Parainfluenza
vaccine twice a year, once in the spring and once in the fall. One Shot to protect against
pneumonia, this is also given twice a year. Bovi-Shelid Gold is given to help prevent abortion
caused by IBR, respiratory disease. Ivermectin is given as a topical over the back of the cattle
to help prevent parasites both on the skin and in the body. Ivermectin is given to the calves in
the fall after weaning and to the cows and bulls three times a year. Once before calving, once
before going to pasture with their calves and the bulls and once in the fall when they return to
the farm.
4. Compare the physiology of breeding and reproduction among various large animal species.
1. I have grown up with breeding horses the live cover way. At Anoka Equine we do a lot of
artificial insemination. At the clinic we have a reproduction laboratory. This allows us to take
samples from the mares that are bought to us. This sample is a vaginal cell sample. Along
with this sample and ultrasound, we are able to more accurately tell when the mare will
3. ovulate. From the results of these tests we are able to decide when she will settle with
artificial insemination. At the clinic in the reproduction lab we are able to offer a fresh cooled
sample of semen, fresh frozen semen or cryogenically frozen semen that has been shipped to
the clinic to be implanted in the receiving mare. When I was on my families breed show farm
we implemented live cove. Live cover is the only real way to ensure that the linage of the foal
can be traces. Thoroughbred horses also use live cover for this reason. In the Thoroughbred
industry artificial insemination is not allowed because of the lack of ability to truly trace the
lineage of the foal. Reproduction isn’t just about artificial or live cover breeding. It also has
an end game. For horses its called a foal. Growing up on a breed show horse farm I was a part
of many foalings events. With 40 brood mare, there was no shortage of foals. At Anoka
Equine I have had the opportunity to help deliver foals, and care for the foals and mares. Most
of the mares that foals at Anoka Equine have had trouble with delivery in the past. Many of
the foals at Anoka Equine are on feeding tubes or strict feeding schedules, fluids, every other
hour monitoring of their vital signs, and the option to have oxygen to help them breath
properly. These are not your typical foals.
2. With cattle and swine, artificial insemination is a huge part of the industries. Artificial
insemination for these species, give the farmer a better estimation of when the animals will
give birth. This is essential for a production farm. The smaller farmers will still use live cover
and the more old school methods of determining a possible birth date for the animal. Many
animals are pregnancy tested or checked by a vet to determine if they have settled and also to
get a projected due date for the birth of the animal. Having this projected due date for the
famer allows them to give proper vaccinations and vitamin bolus to help assure a heathy
offspring.
3. On the farm that I grew up on, we used very little artificial insemination. Live cover was a
better rough for our farm. Having 7 stallions on site it was easier than shipping semen and
implanting mares. Live cover is a more dramatic form of breeding. I still feel like it’s the only
true way to truly trace the lineage from generation to generation. Along with breeding, mares,
we also foaled out many mares, with over 40 brood mares of our own. We also had several
mares that we took in for less experienced owners, and foals that where to be trained for
futurity shows after birth. Most of our foals where born in late January and up to the being of
March.
5. Outline the reproductive cycle of horses and compare natural and artificial insemination
procedures, including care of the mare and stallion.
1. Most mares are polyestrous. They will cycle naturally when the daylight hours get longer.
This ensures that the foal will be born in the warmer months. That being said artificial
conditions can be made simply by leaving barn lights on starting at 6:00am to 10:00pm.
Mares ovulate every 21days during the breeding season, natural or manmade. Estrus will
range depending on the individual mare. Anywhere from 2-8 days, but diestrus will maintain
a 21 day cycle. Estrus tends to run longer earlier in the breeding season. The summer solstice
marks the near end of the natural breeding season and most mares are only receptive for
breeding for 2 to 3 days.
6. Describe the stages of parturition and proper nursing care of the neonatal foal.
1. There are 3 stages to parturition. The first stage involves abdominal pain. The mare will
generally be restless and patches of sweat will be at her flanks and possible her elbow area.
This generally happens a few hours before giving birth. Mares might roll as well during this
time. The reasoning for the mare to roll has been determined to that this is the way the mare
can help the foal rotate into the proper position before giving birth. Stage 2 usually lasts for
15-30 minutes normally. During this stage the mare’s water will break and during a normal
birth the foal will be pushed out by contractions starting with the front feet. The nose and
head are normally cradled in the front legs. The head is followed by the shoulders and finally
the trunk and hind quarters. Stage 3 is when the mare expels the placenta or afterbirth. Many
times this membrane will hang from the vagina of normally a standing mare. This action will
4. help the mare expel the membrane by using passive traction due to the weight of the
membrane itself.
2. The foal should be watched for normalreactions after birth. The foal should want to stand
within 5-15 minutes after birth. The foal should want to nurse from the mother shortly after
standing. Within 24 hours after birth the foal should have passed a stool. This is called
meconium. Normally it is a hard, or tary dark stool. The foal needs to get the colostrum from
its mother. The colostrum or first milk is essential for the foal’s immunity from outside
bacteria that they will come in contact with out of urtero
7. Contrast the components of the ruminant and equine digestive systems as to anatomy and function.
1. Ruminants have 4 chambers:Rumen – fermentation, reticulum – small stomach, omasum,
and abomasum – true glandular stomach. The Rumen must be monitored for correct levels of
bacteria and proper PH. The Abomasum must be monitored for signs of RDA/LDA which
may require surgical intervention
2. The Equine digestive system contains one small stomach but a large hindgut (cecum) that acts
as a fermentation vat for digesting cellulose. It is similar to the rumen in that it requires
proper bacteria present to aide in digestion. The cecum must be monitored for signs of colic.
8. Describe the life-stage energy and nutrient requirements of healthy milk cow and of a healthy horse
at various life stages.
1. The healthy milk cow will require more energy and protein during peak lactation (up to 2
months after freshening). This source
2. The healthy horse will require a large amount of fiber in the form of hay or grass. The
vitamins and minerals should be measured and grain may be supplemented for additional
energy and supplementation depending on the individual horse’s needs. Greater energy
requirements will be necessary for senior, pregnant/lactating, growing, or performance horses.
9. Discuss vaccination and deworming protocols relative to horses and ruminants.
1. Bovine Vaccines include Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine Respiratory
Disease Complex (BRDC), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVD), Brucellosis, Clostridia
Disease, Infections Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR, BHV-1) Leptospirosis, Parainfluenza 3
(P13), Pasturella, Internal Parasites.
2. Equine Vaccines include Tetanus, Eastermn and Western Encephalomyelitis, West Nile
Virus, Flu/Rhino Complex, Coggins, Rabies, Strangles, Potomic Horse Fever
3. Ovine/Caprine Vaccines include CD-T Toxoid, Tetanus, Enterotoxemia type C,
Enterotoxemia type D sore mouth, footrot, Caseous lymphadnitis, enzootic (EAE), and
Vibriosis, Rabies
4. Porcine Vaccines include Tetanus Antitoxin, Clostridium Peringens type C and D Antitoxin,
Tetanus Toxoid Concentrate, Eye Sheild, Essential 3+T, Farrow sure Gold B, Ingelvac PRRS
MLV, Cand D Antitoxin, Circumvent PCV G2, Circumvent PCV-M Circumvent PCV-M G2,
Citadel L5, Enterisol Ileitis NF.
10. Discuss the characteristics, prevention, and zoonotic potential of common diseases affecting various
large animal species.
1. Common Bovine/Ruminant Diseases include: Anthrax, Brucellosis, Cryptosporidiosis,
Dermatophilosis, Escherichia coli, Giardiasis, Leptospirosis, Listeriosis, Pseudocowpox, Q
Fever, Rabies, Ringworm, Salmonellosis, Tuberculosis, Vesicular Stomatitis, and
Melioidosis.
2. Common Equine Diseases include Anthrax, Melioidosis, Salmonellosis, Stretococcal
infections, Blastomycosis, Coccidioidmycosis, Dermatophilosis, Rhinosporidiosis,
Sportrichosis, Hirudiniasis, Eastern and western Equin Encephalomyelitis, Japanese B
encephalitis, Vesicular Stomatitis, West Nile.
3. Common Swine Diseases include Vesicular Stomatitis, Lymphocytic, Choriomeningitis, Foot
and mouth disease,Tunga Infection, Myiasis, Hirudiniasis,
Macracanthorhynchosis,Trichuriasis, Trichinosis, Gongylonemiasis, Echinococcosis,
Schistosomiasis, Paragonimiasis, Opisthorchiasis, Brucellosis, Erysipeloid, Melioidosis.
5. Many of these Zoonotic diseases can be kept at bay from infection to humans by vaccinations.
Another very important way to prevent the contraction of these diseases by humans is
properly wash their hands and if necessary wear gloves around possibly infected animals.
11. Identify the components of the equine skeletal system and compare to that of a ruminant or a
carnivore.
1. The skeletal system is made of many interconnected tissues: bone, cartilage, tendons, and
ligaments. The length of the bones and the angles at which they come together dictate a
horse's conformation, way of going, stride length, and potential power as an athlete. The
components of the horses skeleton are categorized with the Axial skeleton, which has the
skull, vertebral column, ribs and the sternum, and the Appendicular skeleton which has the
forelimbs and hind limbs. 205 bones make up the equine skeletal system. These bones
provide anchor points for ligaments that help to stabilize the bones and facilitate the
connection of joints. Muscles and tendons then help achieve efficient flexion and ab-flexion
for proper movement of the limbs.
2. The ruminant skeleton is different when comparing the appendicular skeleton. What makes
horses stand out from ruminants would be the difference in their unique hoof structure and
lower limbs. Horses are not cloven hooved animals. They have one hoof. From the knee down
they are very different from ruminants A horses leg from the knee to the hoof is much like a
person’s middle finger. The cannon bone represents the metacarpal lll. The proximal phalanx
represents the long pastern and the intermediate phalanx represents the short pastern bone.
The coffin bone is represented by the distal phalanx and is essentially the last knuckle on the
middle finger of a human. Horses essentially walk on the last knuckle of their muddle finger.
This differs a great deal from ruminates, who have two toes to distribute their body weight
across evenly.
12. Apply herd health concepts while obtaining a patient history.
1. When taking histories at Anoka Equine we discuss/ask the client how old the horse is. Then
after establishing this, we ask what the horse job is, and what they have been feeding them to
determine if they are getting the proper nutritional needs for the job the horse is preforming.
When we have asked and answered these questions, we than ask what the reasoning for
bringing the horse in today was. From there we try to establish a history of the problem. For
example how long the lameness has been noticeable. Form here we can ask if there is a
potential cause for the problem. Like getting kicked in the pasture or the horse got stuck in a
gate. Or even they felt a bit off after last week’s event. This allows us to be able to draw a
time line or events that can help the vet make a proper and complete diagnosis of what may
be wrong with the horse.
13. Demonstrate proficiency in restraint of large animals.
1. I have restrained horses for many years. I have mainly not had the opportunity to have much
help to do so. I have come up with great ways to properly restrain then and not get hurt. May
of the tools for restraint have been about for years. Twitches and a get way to restrain horses.
There are many forms of twitches. There are twitches for the nose and for the body if the
animal. The nose twitches can be rope or chain or even two metal bars the sandwich the end
or the nose. Lip chins are also a good tool. They put pressure on releases points under the
upper gums of the horse. The brain takes this signal and releases endorphins, this allows the
horse to relax, and have a calmer state of mind. The ear of the horse or the shoulder can be
used to retrain grown horses. This is done by grabbing that area and twisting. For foals the
best way to restrain then is by a flank twitch. Much like a shoulder twitch on a grown horse
this immobilize the foal and allows a calmer state of mind. This allows medications to be
given, blood to be drawn, and general wellness checks to be attained with out to much fuss.
2. While processing cattle, we utilized a chute and a head shoot. This allows the animals to be
restrained b the head. When the cattle are in the head shoot their legs can still be a problem.
They still have the ability to kick and fight. Using a manual tail jack will help with allowing
you to get closed to then. They can still kick with this restraint implemented, but it greatly
6. reduces the want to kick. Blood, draws general wellness exams, and vaccination can be
given as well as castrations and dehorning can be performed easier and with less stress to the
animal.
14. Safely and efficiently obtain subjective and objective patient data that will allow accurate evaluation
of the patient's physical status with minimum stress and maximum safety.
1. At Anoka Equine, I obtain subjective data by observing the horse from a distance and
obtaining history information from the owner. When obtaining physical exam data, I slowly
and calmly approach the horse form the left side. Talking in a low clam voice, I place my
hand on the animal. This is not just for the animal’s reassurance, but also for my safety.
Placing of a hand on the animal, allows me to stay a safe distance from the animal if
necessary. It also allows me to feel the movements that could be a precursors to that animals
jumping away from me or to me. When the horse is settled, I will begging abating
information about their physical wellbeing. I will start with their heat rate. From their, I will
listen to their gust sounds in all 4 quadrants. Next I will obtain a rectal temperature, making
sure all the time to be aware of temperament changes of the horse. Looking at where their
ears are placed and facing is a good indication of what the horse is thinking. Ears slightly
back facing generally means that he is listening to me, as how I never stop talking in a clam
voice. If the ears are pined straight back or laying on that hoses neck, be prepaie4d for
something to happen. After abating a temp. I will move back to the front of the horse and
visually inspect their body for noticeable problems. I will usually run my hands down their
body as well at this time. Going form the body I will work my way down the legs felling for
heat or swelling. I palpate the pastern joint for a digital pulse on each leg and then I go to the
head. Hear I look to see if the eyes are clear and free if discharge and last but not least I check
the hoses gums for color and capillary refill time
15. Explain common veterinary procedures in various large animal species.
1. I have witnessed the following surgeries and procedures colic surgeries, laceration repairs,
gutteralpouch flushing, spays, castrations, endoscope exams, lameness exams, joint taps and
flushes, belly taps, sinus repair surgery, C-sections, umbilical repair and may others that are
of a standing sedation surgery nature.
16. Employ proper radiographic positioning of the equine limb.
1. I have performed radiographs of the equine limb, including the following views:
Lateral, DP and 2 oblique views of the hooves, pastern, fetlock, knees, and hocks. Lateraland
skyline of the shoulders, and lateral and obliques of the spine. PA, lateral and obliques of the
stifles as well as skyline or the patella. In addition to theses we do a 60degree navicular and
skyline of the hooves. There is also a flexed lateral of the knee view.
17. Describe other imaging techniques and equipment commonly used with horses.
1. The equipment used at Anoka Equine includes: a digital machine and viewer With this
particular setup, there is a plate that is hooked to the computer and the Image machine. This
allows our clinic to view the images faster and to digitally lighten and darken the image as
needed. We also have 3 ultrasound machines that allow us to see through the skin and look at
soft tissues. Things like tendons and ligaments, as well as in to the abdominal wall to view the
intestines, and look for fluid in the abdomen. We also have an endoscope. We can use this for
either looking at the sinuses of the horse or go down the esophagus and into the stomach. This
is key when working on a horse that has history of choke, or ulcers. The endoscope can also
be placed in the horse’s rectum and threads into the colon and large intestines. This helps
when looking for possible impactions that can’t be felt by palpation. With the endoscope we
have the ability to take a biopsy sample of tissue to send in for testing.
18. Discuss the procedures involved with dehorning.
1. Dehorning may be done in several ways including: Barnes dehorner, Heat disbudding,
chemical paste, and saw method. All methods should be performed on young calves to
minimize trauma. Barnes dehorning involves a tool with sharp cutting edges. The edges are
places around the horn bud. The tool is considered closed at this point. Opening the tool with
a forceful manner will bring the cutting edges together and the horn bud will be cut from the
7. calf. This method should be preformed on claves that are not older than 3 to 4 months of age.
Heat D-budding or Hot cautery dehorning utilizes an electrically heated interment. This
interment looks like a round soldering iron with a flat indented head. This is placed over the
horn bud when it is red hot. A ring of skin is burnt at the base of the horn bud. The horn bud
is allowed to slough off over time. Calves 2 months of age are candidates for this procedure.
Chemical paste dehorning is generally done on calves that are 3 to 7 days old. After this
procedure they should be tied up away from other animals, so as not to rub the paste on to any
of the other animals. They should remain tied for about 6 hours before removing the paste.
The procedure beings by clipping off the hair over and around the horn bud. A wooden
applicator is used to apply the paste around and over their horn bud. The horn bud will be
chemically burned and allowed to slough off over time.
19. Demonstrate proficiency in collection of samples from and administering medication to various
large animal species.
1. I have administered the following medications, Penicillin, Gentamicin, K-pen, Banamine,
oxytet, Regu-mate, oxytocin,
2. I have collected the following samples: urine, blood, fecal, reflux, milk, nasal discharge,
semen, vaginal swabs,
20. Explain drug withholding concerns where they apply.
1. Drug withdrawl is a concern for all food producing animals. Medications administered SQ,
IM, ID, or IP will require delays in slaughter time. Milking animals given medications intra-
mammary, will require disposal of the milk so it is not consumed by people or other
animals………………
21. Observe and discuss collection of milk samples and the performance of mastitis testing.
1. Milk let-down occurs in calm cows only. Oxytocin is releases and the streak canal opens
when the handler washes the teats in preparation for milk collection.
2. Mastitis testing includes: CMT (cow-side), Strip cup (cow-side), or culturing of the sample
performed in the lab.
22. Demonstrate proficiency in culturing and identifying bacteria.
1. Common pathogens found in mastitis milk include: Staph sp. (GPC), Strep, sp. (GPC), and
E.coli (GNR). These may be identified using the following agars: Mannitol Salt Agar (to
identify Staph aureus), McConkeys (to identify lactose producing GN), and Blood Agar (to
identify hemolysis)
23. State the dental formula for a horse and review the procedures and schedule needed to maintain
good dental health.
1. The equine dental formula is Temporary teeth I - 3/3 C- 0/0 P - 3/3 M - 0/0 = 12 x 2 = 2
Adult (permanent teeth) I - 3/3 C - 1/1 P - 3 or 4/3 M - 3/3 = 20 (or 21) x 2 = 40 (or 42)
2. Dental work on horses can be done two ways. Either with a hand float or with an electric
float. The goal of floating a horses teeth is to smooth out sharp enamel points that can develop
as the horse chews. When a horse is examined, the vet will look not only for sharp points on
the teeth, but for ulcerations caused by the rubbing of these sharp point on the inner checks.
Malocclusions are also noted and fixed during a dental float. Horses under 5 years of age
should get their teeth examined and possibly floated every 6 months. This is because the
horse’s mouth is changing, from deciduous teeth falling out the horse’s mouth. So the horse’s
mouth at this time is ever changing. Two and three year old horses going to training should
have their teeth examined and if necessary floated before training begins. They should be
checked for retained caps and any points should be floated off. Horses over 5 years can be
examined and floated once a year, unless they have dental issues already noted. 20 year old
and older horses should be examined and floated every 6 months like the younger horses.
Loose teeth or fractured teeth are common in this age range or horse. These problems will
hinder their eating ability and not to mention their want to eat, making it harder to keep
weight on the older horses.
24. Describe the systems commonly employed in the delivery of veterinary care to farms and list unique
factors to be considered when planning for on-premises radiology, surgery or euthanasia.
8. 1. Anoka equine vets all have their own truck in which to do company business. In this truck,
they carry everything form medications, vaccinations, to nasal gastric tubes for refluxing
horses, to surgical packs, surgicalscrub, and euthanasia solution. When going to a farm call
no matter how routine, Anoka Equine vets try their best to plan for the unexpected. Many of
the vets will bring a tech with them for large barn vaccination. During surgical castrations and
other surgical procedures performed in the field, they will try to bring two techs with them.
Being prepared for things to go bad quickly allows them to stay on their toes and helps them
be prepared for many situations.
25. Develop and provide client education regarding common vaccine and deworming protocols in a
clear and accurate manner at a level the client understands.
1. See attached client brochure
26. Successfully perform all Essential Skills assigned to this course
1. See signed Essential Skills tasklists