2. FORMATION
PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE
irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs: form of
irregular verbs 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs
Example:
Example: I spoke I / you /
we / they have spoken
he / she / it has spoken
regular verbs: infinitive + ed regular verbs: form of
'have' + infinitive + ed
Example: I worked Example:
I / you / we / they have worked
he / she / it has worked
3. USE
PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE
certain time in the past just / already / not yet
Example: Example:
I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago. I have just phoned Mary.
Emphasis on action Emphasis on result
Example: Example:
I bought a new bike. (just telling what I I have bought a new bike. (With this
did in the past.) sentence I actually want to express that I
have a new bike now.)
certain event in the past whether / how often till now
Example: Example:
He went to Canada last summer. Have you ever been to Canada? / I have
been to Canada twice.
4. SIGNAL WORDS
PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE
yesterday just
... ago already
in 1990 until now / till now
the other day ever
last ... (not) yet
so far
lately / recently
