The document compares the present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses. The present perfect is used to express an action completed in the past with a result in the present. The present perfect continuous emphasizes the duration or ongoing nature of an action and indicates how long the action has been occurring. Examples are provided to illustrate using the present perfect for completed actions and the present perfect continuous to emphasize the duration of an ongoing action.

1. PRESENT PERFECT versus
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

2. PRESENT PERFECT
 We use the Present Perfect Simple mainly to express that
an action is completed in the past with a result in the
present.
 EXAMPLES:
1. I HAVE PREPARED A SUPRISE BIRTHDAY PARTY.
2. TODAY, I HAVE FINISHED MY HOMEWORK.
3. SHE HAS BEEN IN ITALY TWICE.

3. PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINOUS
 We use the Present Perfect Continuous to emphasize the
duration or continuous course of an action.
I HAVE BEEN READING A BOOK
 To indicate the duration of an action that started in the past
I HAVE BEEN PLAYING TENNIS FOR TWO
HOURS
 If we use this tense it means that the duration of the action is
long
 Duration (how long)
I have been writing for an hour.

4. COMPARISON BETWEEN PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 Emphasis on completion
SHE HAS DONE HER HOMEWORK
(Meaning: Her homework is completed now.)
 Emphasis on duration
SHE HAS BEEN DOING HER HOMEWORK
Meaning: That's how she has spent her time. It does not matter whether the
homework is completed now.)

8. The cat has been sleeping since
the morning

9. My mum has been working as
a nurse for five years.