This PPT will help you understand chapter 3 of grade 9 economics

1. POVERTY AS A
CHALLENGE
Civics | Grade 9
Akshita Singh

2. Poverty is the state of not having
enough material possessions or income
for a person's basic needs. Poverty
may include social, economic, and
political elements.
WHAT IS
POVERTY?

3. The two main classifications of poverty are:-
Types of Poverty
POVERTY
ABSOLUTE POVERTY RELATIVE POVERTY

4. According to this concept, poverty must be
seen in terms of the poor having to live
only in a poor surrounding with poor people,
excluded from enjoying social equality.
Broadly this is a process through which
individuals or groups are excluded from
facilities, benefits and opportunities
SOCIAL
EXCLUSION

5. Vulnerability to poverty is a measure that
describes the greater probability of certain
communities or individuals becoming or
remaining poor in the coming years.
VULNERABILITY

6. A common method used to measure poverty
is based on income or consumption levels.
A person is considered poor if his/her
consumption level falls below a given
minimum level necessary to fulfill basic
needs.
POVERTY
LINE

7. The proportion of people below the
poverty line is also not the same for
all social groups.
The most vulnerable groups are
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribe
households.
VULNERABLE
GROUPS

11. CAUSES OF
POVERTY
A
Unemployment: Because of unemployment, the number of
dependents on the working population is increasing. As a
result, per head consumption expenditure is declining and
a majority of people are living in poverty.
B
Indebtedness: Mostly, poor people depend on borrowing
from the richer section of the society. Hence, poor
people’s level of indebtedness increases and is also
responsible for poverty in India.

12. CAUSES OF
POVERTY
A
Inequalities of wealth and income: Wealth and means of production
are concentrated in a few hands while majority of the people live
below the poverty line. Unequal distribution of means of production
and money is a reason behind the existence of poverty in India.
B
Lack of social welfare: Social well-being lacks because of
several factors such as tradition and customs. Poor who reside
in slum areas without any facility are considered as backward
and their development is low in every aspect.

13. A
B
C
D
ANTI POVERTY
MEASURES
D
Integrated Rural Development Programme:
Jawahar Rozgar Yojana /Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana (JGSY):
Employment Assurance Scheme
Food for Work Programme:
Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana:

14. A
B
C
D
ANTI POVERTY
MEASURES
Rural Housing – Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana (PMGAY)
National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS):
National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS):
National Maternity Benefit Scheme :