The document discusses elements of postmodernism found in various films and music videos, including Inception, 500 Days of Summer, Pulp Fiction, Justin Bieber's "Where Are You Now," and Kylie Minogue's "Come into My World." Specifically, it notes how these works employ mise en abyme, metanarrative, intertextuality, simulation, questioning notions of truth, homage, bricolage, and the zenith of cultural production.

1. Post- modernism in ‘Inception’
• Mise en abyme- The halls of mirror effect (dream-in-a-dream-in-a-dream-in-a-
dream premise!)
• Metanarrative- A story referees to itself within philosophy and psychology. It is
event in inception where Ariadne (Ellen Page) plays with architecture in which
she makes the buildings fold in on themselves this is where the director keeps
reminding the audience the fact that this is a film.
• Intertextuality- Homage to the film La Jetee in a scene where patients are
attached to wires which take them into a dream-world , the motif of Edith Piaf
track on record player ‘Non, Je Ne Regrette Rien’.

2. Post-modernism in ‘500 Days of summer’
• Simulation- The scene where Tom Hansen (Joseph Gordon- Levitt) reality and
expectations are shown back to back shows how the distinction between media and
reality has collapsed. It also has a form of hyper –reality!!
• ‘Truth’ is merely a concept- The fact that Tom Hansen wants his expectations to be
the truth in his reality and this comes with the idea is there a ‘right or wrong’.

3. Post-modernism in ‘Pulp Fiction’
• Intertextuality- The scene where Vincent Vega and Mia Wallace are dancing in the
bar many things refer to both 50’s and 70’s area.
• Homage- This is also evident in the film as quite a lot of the scenes relate to the film
‘Saturday Night Fever’ but in a different way.

4. Post-modernism in Justin Bieber’s ‘Where are you now’
• Bricolage- This when they merge many cultures together this makes
the video very post-modern. Main stream pop has been mixed with
dubstep, hip hop sub culture, street art cutler.
• The Zenith of Cultural Production- In the video culture ‘eats itself’ as
everything has been made therefore culture must remake itself in
abstract and cyclical forms which this video involves.

5. Post-modernism in Kylie Minogue’s ‘Come into my World’
• Simulation- This is the whole concept of the music video where there is a
blurred boundary between the real and imaged.
• Mise en abyme- This is the halls of mirror effect that this video has in it the
fact that each time Kylie walk round the block she duplicates.
• Bricolage- This concept is also in this music video where as many cultures are
being merged together within the video.