This document discusses a study on developing a hybrid powertrain for a mid-size vehicle using a 48V mild hybrid system. The goal is to achieve lower CO2 emissions than a diesel vehicle while maintaining driving performance. A turbocharged gasoline engine would be paired with an electric motor and electric supercharger. Simulation results showed the hybrid concept could meet the 95g CO2/km target and provide better acceleration than a turbocharger alone, due to the electric supercharger improving torque at low engine speeds. The hybrid was also found to have lower total ownership costs than gasoline or diesel variants over 5 years.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
2. introduction
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) augments an electric vehicle (EV) with a second source of power referred to as the alternative power unit (APU).
65. <ul><li>Fuel cell output power oriented control strategy based on FCE loading and unloading equations
66. similar to the fuel cell output power oriented control strategy as just mentioned above, but there has some new control characteristics as follows:
67. If cSOC > cSOC.t, the battery regulation power is zero and the battery actual output power is the power difference between Pd and Pf;
68. If cSOC≤ cSOC.t, the battery regulation charging power is considered and the target fuel cell power is the sum of driving power and charging power;
69. When the vehicle is braking, the fuel cell works at the minimum power and charges the battery pack with the regenerative braking;
70. The fuel cell engine works on nearly all of the driving time expect for the over high SOC battery pack and small driving power requirement at the first cold starting.
72. HYBRID MILEAGE TIPS<br />Drive slower - The aerodynamic drag on the car increases dramatically the faster you drive. For example, the drag force at 70 mph (113 kph) is about double that at 50 mph (81 kph). So, keeping your speed down can increase your mileage significantly. <br />Maintain a constant speed - Each time you speed up the car you use energy, some of which is wasted when you slow the car down again.
73. CONCLUSIONS<br />Using the concept of Hybridization of cars results in better efficiency and also saves a lot of fuel in today’s fuel deficit world.<br />A hybrid gives a solution to all the problems to some extent. <br />If proper research and development is done in this field, hybrid vehicle promises a practical, efficient, low pollution vehicle for the coming era. <br />One can surely conclude that this concept and the similar ones to follow with even better efficiency & conservation rate are very much on the anvil in today’s energy deficit world
Today transportation sector has facing many problems with conventional vehicles like petroleum and diesel vehicles which release most of the pollutants like CO2 and nitrogen oxide emissions which ultimately have an effect on human health. so to decrease this problem there is the invention of electrical vehicles but to fixed battery EVS the owner of the vehicle should wait for long hours to charge one vehicle and if the vehicle stops in any remote areas then it is difficult to charge the battery. So to reduce this problem and to increase electrical vehicle using the solution is to use autonomous battery swapping stations and producing mobile van technology for charging the vehicle in remote areas this idea ultimately increases EV adoption in the world which leads to having good human health.
The presentation deals with the electric cars and their types.
The working and designs of different types of electric cars has been designed.
The history and the advantages are also included.
Enjoy and thanks for watching..
Cheers!!!
plug in hybrid electrical vehicals seminar report by MD NAWAZMD NAWAZ
A 'gasoline-electric hybrid car' or 'Plug in hybrid electric vehicle' is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. It has great advantages over the previously used gasoline engine that drives the power from gasoline only. It also is a major source of air pollution. The objective is to design and fabricate a two wheeler hybrid electric vehicle powered by both battery and gasoline. The combination of both the power makes the vehicle dynamic in nature. It provides its owner with advantages in fuel economy and environmental impact over conventional automobiles. Hybrid electric vehicles combine an electric motor, battery and power system with an internal combustion engine to achieve better fuel economy and reduce toxic emissions.
In HEV, the battery alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient. In accelerating, long highways, or hill climbing the electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. Besides it also utilizes the concept of regenerative braking for optimized utilization of energy. Energy dissipated during braking in HEV is used in charging battery. Thus the vehicle is best suited for the growing urban areas with high traffic. Initially the designing of the vehicle in CAD, simulations of inverter and other models are done. Equipment and their cost analysis are done. It deals with the fabrication of the vehicle. This includes assembly of IC Engine and its components. The next phase consists of implementing the electric power drive and designing the controllers. The final stage would consist of increasing the efficiency of the vehicle in economic ways.
Electric vehicles as the future of personal transportation?benboycott
An analysis of three cases against and three cases for electric vehicles. Cases against include: well to wheel carbon emissions, power station requirements and rare earth metal supply. Cases for include: carbon reduction and facilitation of renewable electricity, reduced reliance on oil and health improvements in urban environments.
plug in hybrid electrical vehicals seminar ppt by MD NAWAZMD NAWAZ
A 'gasoline-electric hybrid car' or 'Plug in hybrid electric vehicle' is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. It has great advantages over the previously used gasoline engine that drives the power from gasoline only. It also is a major source of air pollution. The objective is to design and fabricate a two wheeler hybrid electric vehicle powered by both battery and gasoline. The combination of both the power makes the vehicle dynamic in nature. It provides its owner with advantages in fuel economy and environmental impact over conventional automobiles. Hybrid electric vehicles combine an electric motor, battery and power system with an internal combustion engine to achieve better fuel economy and reduce toxic emissions.
In HEV, the battery alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient. In accelerating, long highways, or hill climbing the electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. Besides it also utilizes the concept of regenerative braking for optimized utilization of energy. Energy dissipated during braking in HEV is used in charging battery. Thus the vehicle is best suited for the growing urban areas with high traffic. Initially the designing of the vehicle in CAD, simulations of inverter and other models are done. Equipment and their cost analysis are done. It deals with the fabrication of the vehicle. This includes assembly of IC Engine and its components. The next phase consists of implementing the electric power drive and designing the controllers. The final stage would consist of increasing the efficiency of the vehicle in economic ways.
Electric Vehicles - State of play and policy frameworkLeonardo ENERGY
The objective of this report is to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of a transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in Europe and of the barriers that currently impede the realization of this potential. The research and analysis contained in this document indicates that the EV holds enormous environmental, social and economic benefits for Europe. However, it also shows that despite some progress in the right direction, we are currently a long way from realizing it. For this potential to be unlocked to a material extent within a 2050 horizon, a series of barriers need to be surpassed through collaboration by all stakeholders. Details of these findings are provided and recommendations on how to increase EV market uptake and to leverage the potential of EV benefits are presented.
Electric vehicles market is a hot topic today because of its strong link with environmental regulations fixed by governments of all developed countries,
Cannon is taking part in this significant change.
For more infos, read the following article
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/future-electric-vehicles-market-cannon-s-p-a-
Internal combustion engines produce appreciable emissions and are also less efficient at part loads. On other hand electric drives have zero emissions, but also very limited range. It is thus logical to combine the best aspects of both and the result is a hybrid vehicle. Optimum strategy would then be to use electric drive during slow moving city traffic, for acceleration and for hill climbing and IC engines at cruising speeds on highways. This would also results in reduced pollution in cities, along with improved mileage.
The engine on the conventional car is sized for the peak power requirement, which is seldom required in actual practice. The hybrid car uses a much smaller engine, whose size is kept closer to the average power requirement rather than the peak power. A smaller engine is always more efficient due to the reason that it would run at its optimum capacity most of the time as compared to a bigger engine running at part load most of the time.
Electric motor helps in several ways:
1. Provides extra power when the car is accelerating or climbing a hill.
2. Starts the engine, eliminating the need for a separate starter.
3. Provide regenerative braking to capture energy during braking
Diesel Adaptation for the Toyota Prius Hybrid SystemV-Motech
A study about adapting a Diesel Engine into the Toyota Prius THS-IV generation in order to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption and meet the upcoming emissions requirements and regulations. The study also introduces different powertrain configurations like the Plug in Hybrid powertrain and a Turbocharged Gasoline Engine to have a better comparison among the different powertrain configurations.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
2. introduction
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) augments an electric vehicle (EV) with a second source of power referred to as the alternative power unit (APU).
65. <ul><li>Fuel cell output power oriented control strategy based on FCE loading and unloading equations
66. similar to the fuel cell output power oriented control strategy as just mentioned above, but there has some new control characteristics as follows:
67. If cSOC > cSOC.t, the battery regulation power is zero and the battery actual output power is the power difference between Pd and Pf;
68. If cSOC≤ cSOC.t, the battery regulation charging power is considered and the target fuel cell power is the sum of driving power and charging power;
69. When the vehicle is braking, the fuel cell works at the minimum power and charges the battery pack with the regenerative braking;
70. The fuel cell engine works on nearly all of the driving time expect for the over high SOC battery pack and small driving power requirement at the first cold starting.
72. HYBRID MILEAGE TIPS<br />Drive slower - The aerodynamic drag on the car increases dramatically the faster you drive. For example, the drag force at 70 mph (113 kph) is about double that at 50 mph (81 kph). So, keeping your speed down can increase your mileage significantly. <br />Maintain a constant speed - Each time you speed up the car you use energy, some of which is wasted when you slow the car down again.
73. CONCLUSIONS<br />Using the concept of Hybridization of cars results in better efficiency and also saves a lot of fuel in today’s fuel deficit world.<br />A hybrid gives a solution to all the problems to some extent. <br />If proper research and development is done in this field, hybrid vehicle promises a practical, efficient, low pollution vehicle for the coming era. <br />One can surely conclude that this concept and the similar ones to follow with even better efficiency & conservation rate are very much on the anvil in today’s energy deficit world
Today transportation sector has facing many problems with conventional vehicles like petroleum and diesel vehicles which release most of the pollutants like CO2 and nitrogen oxide emissions which ultimately have an effect on human health. so to decrease this problem there is the invention of electrical vehicles but to fixed battery EVS the owner of the vehicle should wait for long hours to charge one vehicle and if the vehicle stops in any remote areas then it is difficult to charge the battery. So to reduce this problem and to increase electrical vehicle using the solution is to use autonomous battery swapping stations and producing mobile van technology for charging the vehicle in remote areas this idea ultimately increases EV adoption in the world which leads to having good human health.
The presentation deals with the electric cars and their types.
The working and designs of different types of electric cars has been designed.
The history and the advantages are also included.
Enjoy and thanks for watching..
Cheers!!!
plug in hybrid electrical vehicals seminar report by MD NAWAZMD NAWAZ
A 'gasoline-electric hybrid car' or 'Plug in hybrid electric vehicle' is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. It has great advantages over the previously used gasoline engine that drives the power from gasoline only. It also is a major source of air pollution. The objective is to design and fabricate a two wheeler hybrid electric vehicle powered by both battery and gasoline. The combination of both the power makes the vehicle dynamic in nature. It provides its owner with advantages in fuel economy and environmental impact over conventional automobiles. Hybrid electric vehicles combine an electric motor, battery and power system with an internal combustion engine to achieve better fuel economy and reduce toxic emissions.
In HEV, the battery alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient. In accelerating, long highways, or hill climbing the electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. Besides it also utilizes the concept of regenerative braking for optimized utilization of energy. Energy dissipated during braking in HEV is used in charging battery. Thus the vehicle is best suited for the growing urban areas with high traffic. Initially the designing of the vehicle in CAD, simulations of inverter and other models are done. Equipment and their cost analysis are done. It deals with the fabrication of the vehicle. This includes assembly of IC Engine and its components. The next phase consists of implementing the electric power drive and designing the controllers. The final stage would consist of increasing the efficiency of the vehicle in economic ways.
Electric vehicles as the future of personal transportation?benboycott
An analysis of three cases against and three cases for electric vehicles. Cases against include: well to wheel carbon emissions, power station requirements and rare earth metal supply. Cases for include: carbon reduction and facilitation of renewable electricity, reduced reliance on oil and health improvements in urban environments.
plug in hybrid electrical vehicals seminar ppt by MD NAWAZMD NAWAZ
A 'gasoline-electric hybrid car' or 'Plug in hybrid electric vehicle' is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. It has great advantages over the previously used gasoline engine that drives the power from gasoline only. It also is a major source of air pollution. The objective is to design and fabricate a two wheeler hybrid electric vehicle powered by both battery and gasoline. The combination of both the power makes the vehicle dynamic in nature. It provides its owner with advantages in fuel economy and environmental impact over conventional automobiles. Hybrid electric vehicles combine an electric motor, battery and power system with an internal combustion engine to achieve better fuel economy and reduce toxic emissions.
In HEV, the battery alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient. In accelerating, long highways, or hill climbing the electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. Besides it also utilizes the concept of regenerative braking for optimized utilization of energy. Energy dissipated during braking in HEV is used in charging battery. Thus the vehicle is best suited for the growing urban areas with high traffic. Initially the designing of the vehicle in CAD, simulations of inverter and other models are done. Equipment and their cost analysis are done. It deals with the fabrication of the vehicle. This includes assembly of IC Engine and its components. The next phase consists of implementing the electric power drive and designing the controllers. The final stage would consist of increasing the efficiency of the vehicle in economic ways.
Electric Vehicles - State of play and policy frameworkLeonardo ENERGY
The objective of this report is to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of a transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in Europe and of the barriers that currently impede the realization of this potential. The research and analysis contained in this document indicates that the EV holds enormous environmental, social and economic benefits for Europe. However, it also shows that despite some progress in the right direction, we are currently a long way from realizing it. For this potential to be unlocked to a material extent within a 2050 horizon, a series of barriers need to be surpassed through collaboration by all stakeholders. Details of these findings are provided and recommendations on how to increase EV market uptake and to leverage the potential of EV benefits are presented.
Electric vehicles market is a hot topic today because of its strong link with environmental regulations fixed by governments of all developed countries,
Cannon is taking part in this significant change.
For more infos, read the following article
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/future-electric-vehicles-market-cannon-s-p-a-
Internal combustion engines produce appreciable emissions and are also less efficient at part loads. On other hand electric drives have zero emissions, but also very limited range. It is thus logical to combine the best aspects of both and the result is a hybrid vehicle. Optimum strategy would then be to use electric drive during slow moving city traffic, for acceleration and for hill climbing and IC engines at cruising speeds on highways. This would also results in reduced pollution in cities, along with improved mileage.
The engine on the conventional car is sized for the peak power requirement, which is seldom required in actual practice. The hybrid car uses a much smaller engine, whose size is kept closer to the average power requirement rather than the peak power. A smaller engine is always more efficient due to the reason that it would run at its optimum capacity most of the time as compared to a bigger engine running at part load most of the time.
Electric motor helps in several ways:
1. Provides extra power when the car is accelerating or climbing a hill.
2. Starts the engine, eliminating the need for a separate starter.
3. Provide regenerative braking to capture energy during braking
Diesel Adaptation for the Toyota Prius Hybrid SystemV-Motech
A study about adapting a Diesel Engine into the Toyota Prius THS-IV generation in order to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption and meet the upcoming emissions requirements and regulations. The study also introduces different powertrain configurations like the Plug in Hybrid powertrain and a Turbocharged Gasoline Engine to have a better comparison among the different powertrain configurations.
Drivemode Next Generation Electric Drivetrains for Fully Electric Vehicles Leonardo ENERGY
Presentation of the final event for the three GV04 projects: ReFreeDrive, ModulED and Drivemode. Recordings available at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUFRNkTrB5O-38psbMgeWAvzXQ5QWzNsk.
Integrated Modular Distributed Drivetrain for Electric & Hybrid Vehicles
An overview of converting a fleet to LPG / propane / autogas with information on cost savings, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and vehicle technology.
Evaluation of Electric-Turbo-Compounding Technology applied to Marine Diesel-...Bowman Power
Bowman Power and University College London (UCL) presented a new engine efficiency technology at the 14th International Naval Engineering Conference and Exhibition (INEC 2018).
This presentation looks at the rationale behind using ETC technology for shipping and shows the potential uplift that could be achieved when paring a marine engine with the ETC system. This includes improvements in mechanical power and electric power output.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CYL...
Poster for SIA_Final12
1. 48V Hybridization Of A Mid Size Vehicle Using Electric Motor And Electric Assisted Supercharger
Abstract
In a context of growing demand for sustainable transportation worldwide, different technical solutions for hybrid
vehicles are nowadays investigated as effective ways to improve efficiency of the driveline and thus to reduce CO2
emissions. As a matter of fact, the CO2 emission targets set by EU (95 g/km in 2020 and 75 g/km in 2025) are
extremely demanding.
In order to reach the 2020 CO2 emission target with a spark ignition engine, solutions needs to be developed
(hybridization) or reinforced (downsizing). At the same time, no compromise should be done between fuel
consumption and fun-to-drive. While turbocharged engines exhibit poor transient performance (“turbo lag”), an
electric supercharger allows improving fuel consumption, turbo lag and increasing engine torque at low speed.
The subject of this study is to present a cost effective solution package for a gasoline engine, achieving lower CO2
emissions compared to a state of the art Diesel engine without compromising fun to drive.
Target
• Baseline: Golf VII 1.6L TDI, a state-of-the-art conventional diesel vehicle.
• Target those kind of CO2 figures with a mild-hybrid vehicle (48 Volt) powered by a turbocharged gasoline engine
and equipped with a manual transmission.
• Provide better driving performance (fun-to-drive) by adopting an electric-assisted supercharger (eSC).
Hybrid Architecture Selection
Benchmark (C-segment)
Results
Conclusion
• Through Mild Hybridization (48V) it has been possible to achieve considerable CO2 benefit regarding conventional
gasoline and meet the 95 gCO2/km target.
• Thanks to the E-Machine (15kW) and electric supercharger (4kW) (especially at low and mid load) the fuel
improvement is not at the expense of the fun-to-drive.
Acknowledgement
Special thanks go to Mr Sebastien Potteau from Valeo and Mr Prakash Dewangan from IFP School for their
continuous support and availability.
Curb
Weight
(kg)
Power
(hp)
Torque
(Nm)
Maximum
speed
(km/h)
80-120
km/h (s)
30-60
km/h (s)
NEDC FC
(L/100km)
CO2
(g/km)
1295 105 250 192 11,6 6,7 3,9 99
M
M
T
D
M
T
DM
M
M
T
D
M
T
D
M
e-Supercharger Implementation
Gear Selection Optimization
Pros: Limited extra-weight.
Cons: No regenerative braking when clutch disengaged,
Undergoes engine resistive torque when running Full
Electric or regenerating during braking.
Pros: E-Machine can be totally decoupled from engine.
Cons: Additional clutch (limited space for transverse
engine).
Pros: Double shaft suitable with transverse engine,
Regenerative braking with engine totally decoupled.
Cons: Additional transmission ratio (weight).
P1
P2
P3 P4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5,38 5,09
(-5,4%)
4,03
(-25,1%) 3,52
(-34,6%)
4,13
(-23,2%) 3,90
(-27,5%)
FuelConsumption(L/100km)
FUEL CONSUMPTION (L/100KM)
As the C-segment cars usually adopt a
transverse engine the P3 architecture
has been preferred with a gear ratio of
3 to ensure the CO2 target.
Assumptions: Imposed gear shifting, ideal Stop &
Start, E-Machine (15 kW) not used for cranking and all
the braking torque can be recovered by the E-
Machine.
Assumptions: Stop & Start disabled during the first
150s to warm up the engine.
Gear Shifting Strategy (Manual Transmission) :
• When vehicle speed is constant or increase a gear
has to be engaged (safety).
• When decelerating shift to neutral to recover the
max energy.
• E-machine (15kW) ensures take off.
• A fuel penalty is added to a gear shifting.
0
50
100
150
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Vehiclespeed(km/h)
Gears
Time (s)
Gear Shifting
Optimal Gear Shifting Fixed Gear Shifting Vehicle speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 1000 2000 3000
Vehiclespeed(km/h)
Time (s)
Cycles
NEDC RDE
Real Driving Emissions in Paris
110
79
4,6
3,3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
FuelConsumption(L/100km)
CO2(g/km)
RDE Cycle
-28,2%
Fuel Consumption NEDC: 3,72L/100km
(2,8% Fuel Saving)
0
50
100
150
200
250
500 1500 2500 3500
Torque(Nm)
Engine RPM
Engine operating point evolution of 60-
100km/h acceleration
e-Supercharger
Turbocharger
Max Torque [Nm]
• Electric-assisted supercharger is able to considerably reduce the time to torque, thus
increases the fun-to-drive of a vehicle. Improvement could reach more than 10%.
• This improvement is especially interesting when the engine is running at low RPM.
• E-motor is another good enabler of better acceleration performance, but requires
rapid depletion of the battery capacity.
Cost Calculation Gas Hybrid Diesel
Tax (€/year) 1000 1475
Maintenance (€/year) 900 1000
Fuel consumption (€/year) 605 560
Total cost (€/5years) 12525 15175
(2650€/5years Savings)
129
99 89
5,4
3,8 3,7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
FuelConsumption(L/100km)
CO2(g/km)
NEDC Cycle
-31,0%
Conventional
Gasoline
Diesel Golf VII
14,01
13,42
14,05
13,46
12,42 12,70
9,82
8,88
5,97
9,46
8,30
5,52
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0
10,0
11,0
12,0
13,0
14,0
15,0
80-120km/h 60-100km/h 30-60km/h
Duration(s)
Range Of Roll-on Acceleration On 5th Gear
Roll-on performance of vehicles with/without
an e-supercharger (4kW)
TC w/o EM eSC w/o EM TC w/i EM eSC w/i EM
Final
Architecture
Conventional
Gasoline
Final
Architecture
Team Members: Thomas REDLINGER, Shixiong ZHAO, Aggelos ZOUFIOS, Stanish GUNASEKARAN
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
DIESEL GASOLINE HYBRID
FuelConsumption(L/100km)
Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions
3,9 4,0 4,8 5,0 5,43,2 3,8 3,4 4,4
99
84
104
110 114
124
84
88
101
Diesel Gasoline Hybrid
A
Golf VII
1.6 TDI
Peugeot 308 II
1.2 THP
Toyota Auris
136h
B
Peugeot 308
Blue HDI 120
Ford Focus III 1.0
Ecoboost
Peugeot
3008
Hybrid4
C
Alpha Romeo
Giullietta 1.6
JTDM-2 105
Renault Mégane
Energy TCe 130
Honda
Insight II
-10,1%
A C A B CB A B C
Assumptions Gas Hybrid Diesel
Mean distance in France (km/year) 12 700 12 700
Ownership duration (year) 5 5
Fuel rate (€/L) (Super 98) 1.28 1.17
Fuel consumption (L/100km) 3.72 3.9
Additional components:
• E-Supercharger (4kW)
• E-motor (15 kW)
• Battery pack (48V)
• DC/DC converter
• Cables
Comparison: Proposed Hybrid vs. Conventional Gasoline vs. State of Art Diesel (Golf VI 1.6TSI)
Weight Increase + 43 kg + 3 kg
Additional Cost + 1285 € (*) + 285 € (*)
CO2 Benefit 40 g/km 10 g/km
CO2 Reduction Cost 32,1 €/gCO2/km 28.5 €/gCO2/km
Cycle Definition
Fuel Consumption & CO2 Emission
System Overview
Total Cost of Ownership Estimation
Additional Weight and Cost Estimation
(*) : Indicative Market Price for 2020 for mass production (> 200 000 pieces / year)
Engine Selection & Optimization
IC Engine
1,6L 4 cylinders
Turbocharged
Max Torque
[Nm/L]
170,9
Max Power
[KW/L]
67,3
Specific Torque
Engine Downsized
to 1,2L
Improving Fuel
Consumption
Heat losses proportional
to the available surface
area
𝑸 = 𝒉 ∗ 𝑨 ∗ (𝑻𝒈 − 𝑻𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍)
3 cylinders
implementation
3-cyclinders Implementation
Assumptions:
S/B ratio for conventional
gasoline engines = 0,8
Exhaust gas losses = 30 % of
the fuel energy
Constant mean wall
temperature and BMEP
9,15 % reduction in heat
transfer area
2,75% gain in fuel
consumption
Diesel Golf VII