Portfolio management
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This document discusses portfolio management. It defines a portfolio as a collection of financial assets and notes that portfolio managers invest money in diverse assets to maximize returns while minimizing risk. The document outlines the functions of portfolio management, which include framing investment strategies, hedging inflation, optimizing returns, and making timely investment decisions. It also distinguishes between discretionary and non-discretionary portfolio management services. Additional topics covered include the qualities of effective portfolio managers, the steps in portfolio management process, factors influencing investment decisions, and the code of conduct for portfolio managers.
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2. Several illustrations are provided to demonstrate how changes in the debt-equity mix impact total market value and overall cost of capital. Adding more debt initially increases value but can eventually increase costs if debt levels rise too high.
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Mutual fund ppt
Mutual funds pool money from investors and invest it in stocks, bonds, and other securities. The money earned through investments and any capital appreciation is shared by unit holders proportionate to how many units they own. The document discusses the history of mutual funds in India from 1964 to present. It describes open-ended and closed-ended funds, as well as growth, income, balanced, and money market funds. The advantages of mutual funds include diversification, professional management, convenience, and tax benefits, while the disadvantages include costs and lack of control. Systematic investment plans allow regular investing of small amounts to achieve long-term goals through rupee cost averaging and the power of compounding.
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The primary market refers to the market for new issues of securities. Companies raise funds directly from investors through primary market mechanisms like initial public offerings, rights issues, and preferential allotments. The primary market allows small and medium businesses to raise money from the public and accelerates capital formation. It consists of new equity capital being issued for the first time. The secondary market refers to the subsequent trading of existing securities between investors. The major difference is that primary market issues are new securities offered by companies, while secondary market involves trading of existing securities between investors.
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Portfolio management
The document discusses portfolio management and Markowitz portfolio theory. It defines a portfolio as a combination of securities like stocks and bonds that are blended together to achieve optimal returns with minimum risk. Portfolio management aims to maximize returns and minimize risk through activities like monitoring performance, evaluating investments, and revising the portfolio. Markowitz portfolio theory introduced diversification to reduce unsystematic risk and developed algorithms to minimize portfolio risk by measuring the standard deviation of returns and considering the expected returns and covariances between securities. The theory assumes investors are risk-averse and can reduce risk by adding diversified investments to their portfolio.
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This document discusses optimal capital structure and includes the following key points:
1. An optimal capital structure maximizes a company's market value while minimizing the cost of capital by striking a balance between risk and return. It occurs when the market price per share is at its maximum and cost of capital is at its minimum.
2. Several illustrations are provided to demonstrate how changes in the debt-equity mix impact total market value and overall cost of capital. Adding more debt initially increases value but can eventually increase costs if debt levels rise too high.
3. The document also defines capital structure, lists some features of an optimal structure, and outlines several theories of capital structure, including the Net Income Approach and Modigl
Swaps (derivatives)
A swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange cash flows over a period of time, where at least one cash flow is determined by a variable such as interest rate, foreign exchange rate, or equity price. The most common type is an interest rate swap, where parties exchange interest payments on a notional principal amount at fixed and floating rates. Swaps allow users to align the risk characteristics of their assets and liabilities.
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Derivatives emerged to help farmers and traders manage risks and have since become important risk management tools. The derivatives market in India has grown significantly since liberalization in the 1990s. Derivatives allow participants to hedge risks, speculate, and engage in arbitrage. Common derivatives contracts include forwards, futures, options, and swaps. Traders use various strategies like spreads and straddles to limit risks and maximize returns based on their market outlook. While still growing, India's derivatives market is becoming a major global exchange.
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The capital market allows investors to trade various investment instruments like bonds, equities, and mortgages. It connects investors with surplus funds to those with deficits, providing long-term and overnight funding. Financial instruments traded include equities, credit products, insurance, foreign exchange, hybrids, and derivatives. The capital market has two main segments - the primary market where new securities are issued, and the secondary market where existing securities are traded, creating liquidity.
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This document discusses the key differences between investment and speculation. Investment involves committing money for long-term gains with low to moderate risk and returns based on fundamentals. Speculation involves short-term, high risk bets with potential for high returns based on market psychology. The document also outlines the traditional two-step investment decision process of security analysis and portfolio management to evaluate individual assets and construct a balanced portfolio.
Portfolio Revision
A portfolio is a combination of various investment products like bonds, shares, securities, and mutual funds. Portfolio revision involves changing the mix of securities in an existing portfolio by adding or removing assets. This is done to maximize returns and minimize risks. Reasons for portfolio revision include having additional funds to invest, changes in financial goals, or market fluctuations. There are active and passive portfolio revision strategies, with active strategies involving more frequent changes and passive only changing according to predetermined rules. The roles of a portfolio manager include designing customized investment plans, keeping up to date on the market, guiding clients impartially, and regularly communicating with clients.
Financial derivatives ppt
The document discusses various types of financial derivatives including futures, forwards, options, and swaps. It explains that derivatives derive their value from underlying assets and are used to hedge risk or profit from price changes. Futures contracts are exchange-traded standardized agreements to buy or sell assets at a future date, while other derivatives like forwards and swaps are customized over-the-counter transactions.
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The document discusses portfolio assessment, which involves students collecting a selection of their work over time to demonstrate their progress and achievements. Key points include:
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The Pygmalion effect refers to the phenomenon where higher expectations placed on people can improve their performance. According to a famous 1968 study, when teachers expected students to do well academically, the students performed significantly better than those of whom lower expectations were held. Specifically, students expected to thrive gained on average 12.22 points versus 8.42 points for the control group. The study demonstrated that a person's expectations of others can become a self-fulfilling prophecy by influencing how one interacts with and perceives those individuals. For the Pygmalion effect to occur, the expectations must be externally validated or confirmed, not merely assumed, as was the case in the scenario described.
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The document discusses the student's field study on portfolios used for learner assessment. It includes a checklist for classifying different portfolio types the student examined, which identified documentation, process, and showcase portfolios. The student observed various portfolios and analyzed their elements and contents. The student reflected on whether portfolios improve learning assessment and if the effort required is justified by learning improvements.
Types of Portfolio
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Question 1a. Net asset value = Market value of the portfolio (as.docx
Question 1
a. Net asset value = Market value of the portfolio (assets)- Liabilities/ Number of shares outstanding
= 1,050,000 – 50,000/10,000 = $100
b. Net asset value = 2,100,000 – 0 /10,000 = $210
No of shares = 5000/210 = 23.81 shares.
Question 2
I disagree.
The NAV is not determined continuously throughout the day because it is valued at the closing stock prices of the day. Therefore it can only be determined at the close of the day.
Question 3
Closed-end funds is a publicly traded investment by the Securities Exchange Commission. It is a pooled investment fund with a manager overseeing the portfolio; it raises a fixed amount of capital through an initial public Offering (IPO)
Question 4
Closed-end funds use leverage to generate more money unlike issuing of shares like the mutual funds because, through leverage, they make use of borrowings which adds the risk element as compared to the open end funds but has a greater reward than the issuing of shares. Therefore the closed end funds generate more funds.
Question 5
There is a divergence in the price of NAV because in some cases there are reasons of the premium or discounts.
A share price may be below the NAV because the funds have a large built-in tax liability and investors are discounting the share prices for that tax liability.
The fund's shares may trade at a premium to the NAV because the funds offer relatively cheap access to, and professional management of, stock in another country about which information is not readily available to small investors.
Question 6
The difference between unit trust and closed end funds
The assets held in the closed end funds are actively managed whereas the assets held in the assets trust funds are passively managed.
In the closed end funds, the investor cannot directly redeem the shares whereas the unit trust funds can be directly redeemed.
The unit trust funds have a limited duration whereas the closed end funds are operated continuously and are indefinite.
Question 7
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Back end load, It is a sales charge or fee that investors pay when selling mutual fund shares, and the fee amount to a percentage of the value of the share being sold. They are imposed at the time funds shares are sold or redeemed.
Level load, these are sales charges which are deducted every year on a consistent basis from an investor's mutual funds to pay for distribution and marketing costs for as long as the investor holds the funds.
12b-I fee, it is an annual operational expense imposed by mutual fund for purposes of marketing, distribution including continuing agent's compensation and manufacturers marketing and advertisement expenses
Management fee, It is the costs which accrued to the mutual fund's manager for having an investors assets managed professionally. The fee is used to compens ...
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Portfolio management
- 1. By- Prof. M.A.Tamboli Mob- 9766010560 eMail-mohasinat@gmail.com PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT 1 Prof. M.A.Tamboli
- 2. Portfolio A portfolio is collection of asset. In portfolio management these assets are financial in nature According to SEBI portfolio is the total holdings of securities belonging to one person. Prof. M.A.Tamboli2
- 3. Portfolio Manager The portfolio manager invest the money id diverse assets with the aim of maximizing return and minimizing the risk. Portfolio manager means any person who pursuant to a contract with a client undertakes the management of a portfolio of securities or fund of the client Prof. M.A.Tamboli3
- 4. Functions of Portfolio Management 1. To frame investment strategy and select investment mix 2. Hedge against inflation and also optimize returns. 3. To make timely decision about sell and purchase of securities. 4. To maximize after tax return by investing part of the portfolio in tax savings investments. Prof. M.A.Tamboli4
- 5. 1.THE DISCRETIONARY PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SERVICE: The client gives his money for investment to the manager, who handle the paperwork, makes all investment decision and gives a good return to the investor and charges a fee for the service rendered. Prof. M.A.Tamboli5 Types of Portfolio Management
- 6. Types of Portfolio Management 2. THE NON-DISCRETIONARY PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SERVICE: In this type manager functions as a counselor, but investor is free to accept or reject the manager’s advise. The paperwork is also undertaken by the manager for a service charge. Prof. M.A.Tamboli6
- 7. Qualities of Portfolio Manager 1. Sound general knowledge 2. Analytical ability 3. Marketing skills 4. experience Prof. M.A.Tamboli7
- 8. Steps in Portfolio Management Specification and quantification of investor objective, constraints and preference in the policy statement Determination of capital market expectation for the economy, market sectors, industries and individual securities Allocation of assets and selection of individual securities Performance measurement to ensure that investors objectives are attained Responding to changes in investors objectives Rebalancing the portfolio whenever necessary Prof. M.A.Tamboli 8
- 9. Factors That Influence Portfolio Decisions Investors Characteristics Liquidity needs Tax considerations Safety of principal Assurance of income Investment risk Interest rate risk Business and market risk Prof. M.A.Tamboli9
- 10. Code of Conduct for Portfolio Manager 1. He shall observe high standards of integrity and fairness in all dealings. 2. The client’s money should be deployed as soon as possible and money due and payable to client should be paid forthwith. 3. He shall render at all time high standards of services. 4. Ensure proper care and exercise independent professional judgement Prof. M.A.Tamboli10
- 11. Code of Conduct for Portfolio Manager 5. He shall not involved in unfair competition. 6. He should not disclose any confidential information about his client 7. A portfolio manager shall not be a party to : • Creation of false market in securities • Price manipulation of securities • Passing of price sensitive information to any participants in the market. Prof. M.A.Tamboli11
- 12. Thank You !!! Prof. M.A.Tamboli12