The document discusses the causes and implications of overpopulation in India, highlighting factors such as illiteracy, high birth rates, traditional beliefs, and economic conditions. Despite efforts to address the issue, India's population has rapidly increased and surpassed one billion, creating significant challenges for the economy and social systems. The text emphasizes the need for education and awareness to promote effective family planning and mitigate the population explosion.

1. OVERPOPULATION
Causes of Population explosion in India

2. POPULATION
Today, we hear a lot about population explosion and
related problems in the developing countries including
India. All the media of mass communication - radio,
television, stage, press, etc.- are trying their best
to educate people about the grave dangers of rising
population. It is becoming a serious threat, not for
any one country in particular, but for the world as
whole.

3. Population Explosion
Population explosion refers to the rapid increase in
the human population of an area.
Furthermore, it is a situation where the economy is
not capable of coping with the increasing demand of
its population.

4. Population in INDIA
The trend of rise of population in India is as
alarming as in the rest of the world. Except for a
slight fall in 1911-21, the population of India has
been steadily increasing for the last 100 years.
Since 1951, the growth rate has been very high. A few
years ago, it was estimated that India’s population in
2001 A.D. would be around 760 million; but now we
find, it has already crossed one billion (1000
million) mark.

5. The cause of population explosion in India includes
many factors and reasons. Some of these are:-
1) Illiteracy
2) Increase in birth rate
3) Traditional beliefs
4) Mortality rate
5) Life expectancy growth
6) Economic reasons
7) Religious and social customs
8) Lack of recreation
9) Early marriage and universal marriage system
10) Illegal migration
11) Desire for a male child

6. Illiteracy
The literacy level of women is one of the biggest
problems of family planning in India. People pay very
little importance to women’s education and marry them at
an early age. That’s why they do not have the knowledge
about birth control methods and contraceptives.
Also, most of the rural population which forms the bulk
of our society are illiterate, ignorant and
superstitious. They do not even know the functioning of
the human reproductive system.

7. Increase in Birth Rate
Due to lack of control on delivery and
unawareness of people, the birth rate is
increasing rapidly. In addition, the gap
between death and birth has gone way wider than
what we can think of.
Furthermore, the birth rate has increased many
folds in comparison to the death rate.

8. Traditional beliefs
Among the people from
lower strata of the
society, children are
regarded as a gift of
God and a sign of
prosperity.
Therefore, they make
no effort to avoid
pregnancy.

9. Mortality rate and Economic Reasons
Mortality rate: Due to high infant mortality
rate in our country, people from the
economically weaker section think it safer to
produce more children so that at least some may
survive.
Economic reasons: Children are considered to be
helping hands to increase the family income.

10. Life Expectancy Growth
Earlier the life expectancy of people was around 55-60
years. But due to better and improved medical
facilities, we are now able to increase the life
expectancy of people. Now the average age of a person
increased to 70-75 years.
Besides, these better living conditions, good quality
food, better nutrition, and better sanitation
facilities also helped in increasing life expectancy.

11. Religious and Social Customs & Lack of Recreation
Religious and social customs: India is a centre
of various religious and social customs, and as
such most people do not expect family planning
norms.
Lack of recreation: Poor standard of living and
poverty provide no recreation other than sex.

12. Early Marriage and Universal Marriage System
Even though legally the marriageable age of a
girl is 18 years, the concept of early marriage
still prevails and getting married at a young age
prolongs the childbearing age.
Also, in India, marriage is a sacred obligation
and a universal practice, where almost every
woman is married at the reproductive age.

13. Desire for a Male Child
Most Indian families still hold the view that a male
child is essential for keeping up the name of the
family.
Further, amale child is usually a great help to the
aged parents.
These two reasons often contribute to getting
several children before getting one son or sometimes
not even that.

14. Illegal Migration
Last but not the least,
we cannot ignore the
fact that illegal
migration is
continuously taking
place from Bangladesh,
Nepal leading to
increased population
density.

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