The document discusses the population problems of India, highlighting the causes of both high birth and declining death rates, as well as their associated effects on the economy and society. It proposes remedies such as increasing per-capita income, promoting urbanization, and improving family planning access to combat overpopulation. The conclusion stresses the urgency of addressing educational and legislative measures to control population growth and ensure resource availability.

1. Population problems of
India
Presented by:
Syed Naseer Ahmad
M.A. Sem – III
CUSB1601112014

2. Overview
1. Introduction
2. Population problems of India
3. Causes of High Rate
4. Causes of Decline Death rate
5. Remedies for population Explosion
6. Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Most of the world population lives in the developing countries or
poorer nations.
• The developing countries has over three-fourth of the total world
population.
• India’s growing population, as revealed by census of 2011, 121 crore.
• Malthus proposes the principle that human populations grow
exponentially (i.e., doubling with each cycle) while food production
grows at an arithmetic rate (i.e. by the repeated addition of a
uniform increment in each uniform interval of time).

4. Population Problems of India
• India supports 18% of the world’s population.
• Land degradation is a serious problem here.
• This land degradation that has been getting worse over the years, is
being caused because of inappropriate land use, agricultural
practices, social conflicts, droughts, but most of all because of the
growing number in people they're getting every day.
• With this land degrading, it is impacting economic growth.
• There are currently approx. 190 million starving people in India
today and that number would increase if the population increased.

5. Causes of High Birth Rate
• Early Marriage - These young girls are in most cases are not healthy
enough to bear the burden of childbearing and the desire for better
living conditions automatically works as a deterrent to heavy
increases in population.
• Illiteracy - According to the 1991 census, the overall literacy
percentage in India is 52.11 as compared to 43.56 ten years ago and
family planning has a direct associated with female education, and
female education is directly associated with age at marriage, general
status of women, their fertility and infant mortality rate.
• Religion: there are women who disfavor family planning, there are
some women who argue that the purpose of a woman’s life is to bear
children. Indian Muslims have a higher birth rate as well as fertility
rate than the Hindus.

6. Effects of Population Explosion
• Unemployment
• Poverty
• Illiteracy
• Poor health
• Economy
• Pollution & Global warming
• More pressure on land

7. Causes of Decline Death rate
• Control over Epidemics - The control of communicable diseases
depends on a healthy environment i.e. clean water, adequate
sanitation, shelter and other causes.
• Increase Urbanization: Predominantly rural culture is being rapidly
replaced by predominantly urban culture.

8. Conti. Causes of Decline Death rate
Year Birth rate
(births/1,000 Population)
Death rate
(births/1,000 Population)
1941 - 51 39.9 27.4
1951 – 61 41.7 22.8
1961 – 71 41.1 19
1971 – 81 37.2 15
1981 – 91 29.5 9.8
1991 – 01 25.8 8.5
2001 – 11 22.5 7.7
Source: Census 2011

9. Low per capita income
Low standord of living
Low saving and
Investment
Vicious Circle of Poverty
In 2000 : According to Planning commission, Govt. of India,26%
population below poverty line

10. Remedies for population Explosion
• Since this problem is getting intense day by day, it is obvious to take appropriate
measures to keep it under control through these methods: -
1. Rise in Per-capita Income - with increase in per capita income, people feel more
secure and do not want to depend on their children.
2. Urbanization and Industrialization – Urbanization and industrialization efforts
should be to industrialize and urbanize our economy to reduce the high birth
rate.
3. Late Marriage - The developing countries like India, China, Pakistan, Africa
mainly girls marry at an early age and a longer span of time to reduce children.
Hence we have to raise the minimum age to marriage in our country in order to
control the birth rate.
4. Lowering Infant Mortality Rate - In India, infant mortality rate is very high and
stands at 72 per thousand. Poor people widespread vaccination and proper child
and maternity care should be undertaken to reduce the infant mortality rate.

11. Remedies for population Explosion
• Family Planning Facilities - In Developing countries family
planning facilities are available only in the urban centres and
semi-urban areas. So poor people of rural areas don’t get these
facilities easily.
• Incentives - The Govt. should provide both monetary and real
incentives to people for adopting family planning measures.

12. Conclusion
• Since India is overpopulated there going to be more unemployment
and scarcity of resources. It’ll get harder to feed all those people,
since there aren’t enough resources for all the people.
• If we want to get rid of overpopulation, we must give all the citizens
better education on the sexual grounds and create laws that forbid a
family to have more than one child.

13. Thank You