It is all about the social organisation and social system in this power point presentation we see
- Population
- Society and Population
- Social Determinants of Fertility
- Consciously and unconsciously control the fertility
- Factors determining upon fertility
- Social determinants of mortality
- Migration
- Type of migration
- Malthusian Theory of migration
- Population growth
- Food Production
- Control of population
- Population explosion
- Family welfare program
This document discusses several social problems in India including social disorganization, poverty, housing issues, and illiteracy. It defines key terms and outlines various causes and characteristics of social disorganization. It also describes the types and causes of poverty in India and different government programs implemented to alleviate poverty. Regarding housing problems, it discusses the challenges India faces in urban and rural housing availability and quality. It provides an overview of illiteracy rates in India and factors contributing to illiteracy.
This document discusses Malthusian theories of population. It states that Thomas Malthus recognized that population grows geometrically while food production grows arithmetically, leading to scarcity. Malthus proposed two checks on population growth - positive checks like famine, war that directly increase mortality, and preventive checks like moral restraint and artificial birth control that decrease fertility rates. The document also summarizes India's population characteristics, the impact of population explosion on development, and government programs to control population like the National Family Welfare Programme and National Population Policy.
The Jajmani system was a traditional Indian caste system where upper caste landowners known as "Jajmans" exchanged goods and services with lower caste service castes known as "Kamin". Relationships between castes were regulated by established patron-client relationships, with the Jajman enjoying respect similar to a king and the service castes as subjects. The Jajmani system provided economic security for castes through hereditary occupations and exchange of grains for services, but also limited social mobility and could lead to exploitation between castes.
This document discusses social groups and processes. It defines social groups as collections of humans brought together through social relationships and common goals. Groups are classified based on size, structure, type of contact between members, and other factors. Primary groups are small, stable, and involve direct, face-to-face contact between members. Secondary groups are larger and involve more impersonal, indirect contact. An in-group is the group an individual identifies with, while an out-group is any other group. Crowds are temporary gatherings of many people brought together in close proximity around a common focus.
This document discusses several social problems in India including social disorganization, poverty, housing issues, and illiteracy. It defines key terms and outlines various causes and characteristics of social disorganization. It also describes the types and causes of poverty in India and different government programs implemented to alleviate poverty. Regarding housing problems, it discusses the challenges India faces in urban and rural housing availability and quality. It provides an overview of illiteracy rates in India and factors contributing to illiteracy.
This document discusses Malthusian theories of population. It states that Thomas Malthus recognized that population grows geometrically while food production grows arithmetically, leading to scarcity. Malthus proposed two checks on population growth - positive checks like famine, war that directly increase mortality, and preventive checks like moral restraint and artificial birth control that decrease fertility rates. The document also summarizes India's population characteristics, the impact of population explosion on development, and government programs to control population like the National Family Welfare Programme and National Population Policy.
The Jajmani system was a traditional Indian caste system where upper caste landowners known as "Jajmans" exchanged goods and services with lower caste service castes known as "Kamin". Relationships between castes were regulated by established patron-client relationships, with the Jajman enjoying respect similar to a king and the service castes as subjects. The Jajmani system provided economic security for castes through hereditary occupations and exchange of grains for services, but also limited social mobility and could lead to exploitation between castes.
This document discusses social groups and processes. It defines social groups as collections of humans brought together through social relationships and common goals. Groups are classified based on size, structure, type of contact between members, and other factors. Primary groups are small, stable, and involve direct, face-to-face contact between members. Secondary groups are larger and involve more impersonal, indirect contact. An in-group is the group an individual identifies with, while an out-group is any other group. Crowds are temporary gatherings of many people brought together in close proximity around a common focus.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships and their importance in nursing. It defines interpersonal relationships as reciprocal interactions between individuals that involve sharing common interests and goals. Nursing requires an association between nurses and patients to facilitate therapeutic care. The document then examines interpersonal relationships for individuals, nurses, and patients in terms of benefits like personal growth, trust, and improved socialization and health outcomes. It also categorizes different types of relationships and discusses models for understanding nurse-patient relationships. Barriers to interpersonal relationships are described along with methods for overcoming issues like lack of communication, compatibility and cultural diversity. Finally, the Johari Window model for self-awareness and improving mutual understanding between individuals is explained.
Pimps, brokers, brothel keepers.
The covert prostitute:
Those
who practice prostitution secretly without living in
brothels.
Call
girls, street walkers, bar dancers.
The occasional prostitute:
Women
who occasionally sell their body for money or kind
when in need.
Domestic
servants, factory workers, hostesses.
EFFECTS OF PROSTITUTION
On the prostitute:
Physical
and mental health problems.
Social
ostrac
This document discusses social stratification and related concepts. It defines social stratification as the division of society into hierarchical social groups. The main forms of social stratification are discussed as caste, class, and race. Caste is described as hereditary and arising from Hindu scriptures, while class is based on economic factors and race is biological. The document outlines features of the Indian caste system historically and today. It also discusses social mobility, social classes, and the influence of stratification on health.
This document discusses different types of communities in India, including rural, urban, and regional communities. It describes key features of village communities, including community consciousness, the role of neighborhoods, joint families, simplicity, and faith in religion. It also discusses characteristics of Indian villages, the panchayat system of local self-government, community development projects, and changes occurring in rural life. The document then covers urban communities, the growth of cities, health issues faced in urban areas, and major urban problems like poverty and overcrowding.
Demography as the statistical study of human population with regard to their size & structure, their composition by sex, age, marital status and ethnic origin, and the changes to these population, like changes in their birth rates, death rates and immigration.
Demography is the branch of social size, structure, which deals with the study of size, structure and distribution of populations, along with the spatial and temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, ageing and death.
In demography the following three elements of population are given special attention:
Change in the size of population (increase or decrease)
Structure of population (on the basis of sex or age groups)
Geographical distribution of population (on the basis of state or territory).
This topic is related to sociology...
It is very useful for B.Sc. nursing students....
In this ppt include detail about society, community, difference between society and community, personal disorganization etc.
This document provides an overview of cultural concepts including cultural lag, cultural diffusion, and acculturation.
Cultural lag refers to when cultural ideas do not keep pace with other social changes, such as new medical technologies raising questions about life and death that cultural beliefs have not yet addressed. Cultural diffusion is the spreading of cultural ideas from one group to another through various means such as direct contact, a middleman, or force. Acculturation is the process where members of one group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another culture, such as an immigrant's family becoming accustomed to practices in their new country over generations.
Population explosion is the phenomenon of the size of a population tending to a very large number in a finite interval of time is called population explosion i.e., rapid increase in population for a long time may be termed as "population explosion".
Birth rate is much higher than the death rate for long time may lead to population explosion.
The literal meaning of population is "the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region".
The main factors affecting the population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration.
Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality.
The population change is calculated by the formula:
Population change = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)
Population explosion or overpopulation refers to a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat.
Every sixth person on globe today is every Indian.
India adds about 10 lakh persons to its population every fortnight.
India adds one Australia every eight months.
By 2045 or earlier, India would overtake china as the world's most populous country.
49% of the increase in India's population is from four states Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, UP.
This document provides an overview of social stratification and related concepts. It discusses the meaning and types of social stratification including caste system, class system, and race. It then focuses on the Indian caste system, outlining theories about its origin and key features both historically and in modern India. The document also addresses social class and status, social mobility, and how class, caste, and race can influence health and health practices.
India has the second highest population in the world. Some key causes of population growth in India include high birth rates due to factors like universality of marriage and low standards of living, as well as decreased death rates due to better healthcare. This population explosion leads to issues like overexploitation of natural resources, increased environmental pollution, and poverty. India's population is characterized by its age structure, sex ratio, and dependency ratio. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) works on issues related to population dynamics worldwide.
Epidemiological methods are used to study the distribution and determinants of health-related events in populations. There are two main approaches: observational studies and experimental studies. Observational studies include descriptive and analytical methods. Descriptive methods involve measuring disease occurrence without interference to understand time, place, and person distributions. Analytical methods include case-control and cohort studies to test hypotheses about associations between suspected causes and diseases.
This document discusses social change and the role of nurses as social agents of change. It defines social change as any modification in established social patterns and relationships over time. It identifies several factors that can drive social change, including geographical, biological, demographic, technological, economic, cultural, and social factors. The document then outlines some key features of social problems and how nurses can promote positive social change through health education, adopting new practices, understanding social issues, and facilitating better communication and social relationships.
2nd yr bsc[n] cet ppt-methods of teaching -nsg educationsuchitrarati
The document discusses various teaching methods including lecture, discussion, demonstration, simulation, laboratory, seminar, symposium, panel discussion, and problem solving methods. It provides definitions and discusses the purposes, types, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. The key points covered are:
- Lecture method involves a teacher formally delivering content to students but has limitations of limited student participation and difficulty keeping students concentrated.
- Discussion method promotes cooperative problem solving but can be time consuming.
- Demonstration method teaches through visual explanation and allows students to practice skills under supervision.
- Simulation replicates real life situations to help students apply concepts and develop problem solving abilities.
- Laboratory method provides hands-on
Demography is the scientific study of human populations and their characteristics. It deals with five key demographic processes: size, distribution, structure, change (through births, deaths, and migration), and characteristics like ethnicity, economic status, and more. Data comes from sources like censuses, surveys, vital event registration, and demographic studies. India's population as of 2011 was over 1.2 billion, with a density of 382 per square km and urbanization increasing. Key indicators include crude birth rate, death rate, growth rate, sex ratio, dependency ratio, and life expectancy.
This document discusses several key sociological concepts - individualization, socialization, society, community, association, and institution. It provides definitions and characteristics for each concept. Individualization refers to the process by which an individual becomes independent of their social group through mental processes. Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms of their society. A society is a complex web of social relationships among a group of people. A community is a smaller group of people living in a defined geographic area with shared identity. Associations are organizations formed to pursue common interests. Institutions are established social structures and processes that organize human activity.
This document discusses the principles of education and the teaching-learning process. It begins by defining education and exploring its aims from various perspectives. It then defines nursing education and outlines the individual, social, and vocational aims of education. The document also examines the functions of education at the individual, national, and social levels and discusses various philosophies of education including naturalism, idealism, pragmatism, realism, and existentialism.
Unit 10 social organization and social systemDivyaPatel239
This document discusses social organization and social systems. It defines social organization as a set of differentiated activities serving a common purpose. Some key elements of social organization include goals, roles, norms, and sanctions. There are different types of social organization such as political, economic, and religious organizations.
A social system is defined as a network of interactive relationships. It consists of elements like beliefs, norms, roles, status, and power. Social systems can be classified based on factors like evolution, means of livelihood, type of solidarity, and culture. Mechanisms like socialization and social control help maintain equilibrium and integration within a social system. Institutions must also be properly interrelated for a social structure to be maintained.
This document discusses social control and its various forms and mechanisms. It defines social control as the methods used by society to influence individual behavior and maintain social order. It describes the different types of social control as formal (exercised through institutions like law, education) and informal (customs, norms). It then outlines several key agencies of social control, including law, the state, education, religion, family, neighborhood, and public opinion. The role of the nurse is also mentioned as understanding patient deviance and treating those who fail to conform to social controls.
Society uses social control to regulate individual behavior and maintain social order. Social control involves patterns of persuasion, restraint, and coercion that bring individuals' behavior into conformity with approved social standards. It is how the entire social order coheres and sustains itself. Scholars define social control as the processes by which society influences individuals to conform to social norms and values. There are informal means of social control like folkways, mores, and religion, as well as formal means like laws and education. Social control aims to regulate behavior, maintain the existing social order, establish social unity, provide social sanctions, and address cultural maladjustment.
This document contains a patient's medical history and examination report. It includes sections on the patient's identification data, chief complaints, history of present illness, past medical history, habits, physical examination findings, and current medications. The physical examination section documents observations about the patient's general appearance, vital signs, and examination of major body systems.
The document discusses sociology of nursing and population. It covers topics like demography, population distribution in India, Malthusian theories of population, population explosion and its impact on health status. It also discusses family welfare programs run by the government of India to control population like National Family Welfare Program, National Population Policy, National Rural Health Mission and other schemes.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships and their importance in nursing. It defines interpersonal relationships as reciprocal interactions between individuals that involve sharing common interests and goals. Nursing requires an association between nurses and patients to facilitate therapeutic care. The document then examines interpersonal relationships for individuals, nurses, and patients in terms of benefits like personal growth, trust, and improved socialization and health outcomes. It also categorizes different types of relationships and discusses models for understanding nurse-patient relationships. Barriers to interpersonal relationships are described along with methods for overcoming issues like lack of communication, compatibility and cultural diversity. Finally, the Johari Window model for self-awareness and improving mutual understanding between individuals is explained.
Pimps, brokers, brothel keepers.
The covert prostitute:
Those
who practice prostitution secretly without living in
brothels.
Call
girls, street walkers, bar dancers.
The occasional prostitute:
Women
who occasionally sell their body for money or kind
when in need.
Domestic
servants, factory workers, hostesses.
EFFECTS OF PROSTITUTION
On the prostitute:
Physical
and mental health problems.
Social
ostrac
This document discusses social stratification and related concepts. It defines social stratification as the division of society into hierarchical social groups. The main forms of social stratification are discussed as caste, class, and race. Caste is described as hereditary and arising from Hindu scriptures, while class is based on economic factors and race is biological. The document outlines features of the Indian caste system historically and today. It also discusses social mobility, social classes, and the influence of stratification on health.
This document discusses different types of communities in India, including rural, urban, and regional communities. It describes key features of village communities, including community consciousness, the role of neighborhoods, joint families, simplicity, and faith in religion. It also discusses characteristics of Indian villages, the panchayat system of local self-government, community development projects, and changes occurring in rural life. The document then covers urban communities, the growth of cities, health issues faced in urban areas, and major urban problems like poverty and overcrowding.
Demography as the statistical study of human population with regard to their size & structure, their composition by sex, age, marital status and ethnic origin, and the changes to these population, like changes in their birth rates, death rates and immigration.
Demography is the branch of social size, structure, which deals with the study of size, structure and distribution of populations, along with the spatial and temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, ageing and death.
In demography the following three elements of population are given special attention:
Change in the size of population (increase or decrease)
Structure of population (on the basis of sex or age groups)
Geographical distribution of population (on the basis of state or territory).
This topic is related to sociology...
It is very useful for B.Sc. nursing students....
In this ppt include detail about society, community, difference between society and community, personal disorganization etc.
This document provides an overview of cultural concepts including cultural lag, cultural diffusion, and acculturation.
Cultural lag refers to when cultural ideas do not keep pace with other social changes, such as new medical technologies raising questions about life and death that cultural beliefs have not yet addressed. Cultural diffusion is the spreading of cultural ideas from one group to another through various means such as direct contact, a middleman, or force. Acculturation is the process where members of one group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another culture, such as an immigrant's family becoming accustomed to practices in their new country over generations.
Population explosion is the phenomenon of the size of a population tending to a very large number in a finite interval of time is called population explosion i.e., rapid increase in population for a long time may be termed as "population explosion".
Birth rate is much higher than the death rate for long time may lead to population explosion.
The literal meaning of population is "the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region".
The main factors affecting the population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration.
Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality.
The population change is calculated by the formula:
Population change = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)
Population explosion or overpopulation refers to a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat.
Every sixth person on globe today is every Indian.
India adds about 10 lakh persons to its population every fortnight.
India adds one Australia every eight months.
By 2045 or earlier, India would overtake china as the world's most populous country.
49% of the increase in India's population is from four states Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, UP.
This document provides an overview of social stratification and related concepts. It discusses the meaning and types of social stratification including caste system, class system, and race. It then focuses on the Indian caste system, outlining theories about its origin and key features both historically and in modern India. The document also addresses social class and status, social mobility, and how class, caste, and race can influence health and health practices.
India has the second highest population in the world. Some key causes of population growth in India include high birth rates due to factors like universality of marriage and low standards of living, as well as decreased death rates due to better healthcare. This population explosion leads to issues like overexploitation of natural resources, increased environmental pollution, and poverty. India's population is characterized by its age structure, sex ratio, and dependency ratio. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) works on issues related to population dynamics worldwide.
Epidemiological methods are used to study the distribution and determinants of health-related events in populations. There are two main approaches: observational studies and experimental studies. Observational studies include descriptive and analytical methods. Descriptive methods involve measuring disease occurrence without interference to understand time, place, and person distributions. Analytical methods include case-control and cohort studies to test hypotheses about associations between suspected causes and diseases.
This document discusses social change and the role of nurses as social agents of change. It defines social change as any modification in established social patterns and relationships over time. It identifies several factors that can drive social change, including geographical, biological, demographic, technological, economic, cultural, and social factors. The document then outlines some key features of social problems and how nurses can promote positive social change through health education, adopting new practices, understanding social issues, and facilitating better communication and social relationships.
2nd yr bsc[n] cet ppt-methods of teaching -nsg educationsuchitrarati
The document discusses various teaching methods including lecture, discussion, demonstration, simulation, laboratory, seminar, symposium, panel discussion, and problem solving methods. It provides definitions and discusses the purposes, types, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. The key points covered are:
- Lecture method involves a teacher formally delivering content to students but has limitations of limited student participation and difficulty keeping students concentrated.
- Discussion method promotes cooperative problem solving but can be time consuming.
- Demonstration method teaches through visual explanation and allows students to practice skills under supervision.
- Simulation replicates real life situations to help students apply concepts and develop problem solving abilities.
- Laboratory method provides hands-on
Demography is the scientific study of human populations and their characteristics. It deals with five key demographic processes: size, distribution, structure, change (through births, deaths, and migration), and characteristics like ethnicity, economic status, and more. Data comes from sources like censuses, surveys, vital event registration, and demographic studies. India's population as of 2011 was over 1.2 billion, with a density of 382 per square km and urbanization increasing. Key indicators include crude birth rate, death rate, growth rate, sex ratio, dependency ratio, and life expectancy.
This document discusses several key sociological concepts - individualization, socialization, society, community, association, and institution. It provides definitions and characteristics for each concept. Individualization refers to the process by which an individual becomes independent of their social group through mental processes. Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms of their society. A society is a complex web of social relationships among a group of people. A community is a smaller group of people living in a defined geographic area with shared identity. Associations are organizations formed to pursue common interests. Institutions are established social structures and processes that organize human activity.
This document discusses the principles of education and the teaching-learning process. It begins by defining education and exploring its aims from various perspectives. It then defines nursing education and outlines the individual, social, and vocational aims of education. The document also examines the functions of education at the individual, national, and social levels and discusses various philosophies of education including naturalism, idealism, pragmatism, realism, and existentialism.
Unit 10 social organization and social systemDivyaPatel239
This document discusses social organization and social systems. It defines social organization as a set of differentiated activities serving a common purpose. Some key elements of social organization include goals, roles, norms, and sanctions. There are different types of social organization such as political, economic, and religious organizations.
A social system is defined as a network of interactive relationships. It consists of elements like beliefs, norms, roles, status, and power. Social systems can be classified based on factors like evolution, means of livelihood, type of solidarity, and culture. Mechanisms like socialization and social control help maintain equilibrium and integration within a social system. Institutions must also be properly interrelated for a social structure to be maintained.
This document discusses social control and its various forms and mechanisms. It defines social control as the methods used by society to influence individual behavior and maintain social order. It describes the different types of social control as formal (exercised through institutions like law, education) and informal (customs, norms). It then outlines several key agencies of social control, including law, the state, education, religion, family, neighborhood, and public opinion. The role of the nurse is also mentioned as understanding patient deviance and treating those who fail to conform to social controls.
Society uses social control to regulate individual behavior and maintain social order. Social control involves patterns of persuasion, restraint, and coercion that bring individuals' behavior into conformity with approved social standards. It is how the entire social order coheres and sustains itself. Scholars define social control as the processes by which society influences individuals to conform to social norms and values. There are informal means of social control like folkways, mores, and religion, as well as formal means like laws and education. Social control aims to regulate behavior, maintain the existing social order, establish social unity, provide social sanctions, and address cultural maladjustment.
This document contains a patient's medical history and examination report. It includes sections on the patient's identification data, chief complaints, history of present illness, past medical history, habits, physical examination findings, and current medications. The physical examination section documents observations about the patient's general appearance, vital signs, and examination of major body systems.
The document discusses sociology of nursing and population. It covers topics like demography, population distribution in India, Malthusian theories of population, population explosion and its impact on health status. It also discusses family welfare programs run by the government of India to control population like National Family Welfare Program, National Population Policy, National Rural Health Mission and other schemes.
The document discusses various topics related to population studies including demography, factors that influence population size such as births, deaths and migration. It covers Malthusian theories of population growth, population explosion in India, and government programs to control population growth and promote family welfare. Key points include how population grows geometrically while resources increase arithmetically per Malthus, causes and impacts of population explosion in India, and national schemes aimed at reducing birth rates and stabilizing population.
1) The document discusses six major issues related to population growth and quality of life in developing countries, including whether rapid population growth will allow countries to improve living standards and expand education and healthcare.
2) It explains concepts like demographic transition, population growth rates, and drivers of population change over time. The global population has grown from 1 billion in the 1800s to over 7 billion currently.
3) Population growth is influenced by factors like birth rates, death rates, age structure, fertility rates, and income levels. Countries generally move from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates as they develop.
DemographyThe scientific study of population.– U.S.docxcargillfilberto
Demography
The scientific study of population.
– U.S. Census Bureau
• Decennial Census collected every 10 years since 1790.
– Worlds largest data set.
– Determines the number of congressional representatives and allocation of federal funds.
– Census Form
• American Community Survey (ACS) sample that supplements the census with
ongoing data gathering on additional topics (housing, education, occupation, etc.).
– Center for Disease Control (CDC)
• Data on diseases, life expectancy, drug use, obesity, behaviors, etc.
• Records vital stats (births, deaths, marriages & divorces)
– Pew Research Organization
• Various surveys on such topics as immigration, personal finance, political affiliation,
and attitudes.
Demography
http://www.census.gov/
http://www.census.gov/2010census/about/interactive-form.php
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/marriage-divorce.htm
http://www.pewresearch.org/data-trend/society-and-demographics/immigrants/
Demography
Issues with Census Data:
• Self enumerations may undercount specific groups
– Privacy issues, mistrust of government, and/or inability to locate may limit
participation by minorities, inner city residents, homeless, and transients.
– Reduces political representation and funding.
• Prisoners count as residents of the prison
– Prisoners are disproportionally adult minority males, skewing geographical
demographics.
– May add to political representation and funding in location of prison.
• Inter-census year data are estimates only
– Population changes are based on county birth and death data.
– County housing records are then used to allocate the population growth to individual
cities within each county.
– Creates large gaps between decennial headcounts relative to the prior year.
Demography
Issues with Census Data:
• Privacy
– Data is adjusted to preserve anonymity without sacrificing demographic patterns.
• Identities of respondents are removed.
• Income values are rounded off.
• Outliers are averaged together.
• Characteristics of respondents are swapped.
Researching Undocumented Immigrants
• Lowest estimates come from surveys since many are hesitant to reveal their
undocumented status out of fear of deportation.
• Medium estimates come from a residual approach that involves subtracting
legal immigrants from the entire foreign-born population in the U.S.
• Highest estimates come from Border Patrol extrapolations measuring arrests at
the border; however, these are biased since the same individual may be
arrested multiple times.
• Accurate counts are critical!
– Undocumented residents count for congressional apportionment
– Allows for better cost/benefit analysis of migrants and policy prescriptions.
http://www.pewhispanic.org/2016/09/20/methodology-10/
Demography
Researching Race and Ethnicity
• Non-scientific conflations of biological, national origins, and/or linguistic
traits.
• Census provides multiple categories of race but no “multi-rac.
INTRODUCTION
Elderly population is increasing in all countries of the world. This is due to several factors which include decline in fertility, improvement in public health and increase in life expectancy. Decline in fertility was brought about by more wide spread acceptability of family planning while increase in life expectancy is attributed to improved medical care brought about by technological advancement. According to a published U.S Bureau Bulletin of the Census and Database on Ageing in 1988, the world’s total population is growing at a rate of 1.7 percent per year.
The document discusses population growth and structure. It begins by outlining factors that affect population distribution and density, such as physical, social, economic and political influences. It then describes population concepts like birth rate, death rate, natural increase/decrease, and density. Models of population change are presented, including the demographic transition model and population pyramids. Population pyramids illustrate age and sex structures and can indicate development levels. Overpopulation causes and problems are also summarized.
The study deals different terms, concept, definitions, theories of population, census statistics, maps and diagrams for representations of demographic data. You read it carefully until the last.
O Level Economics 2281 - Topic: PopulationNoorUddinAkhi
This document discusses concepts related to population distribution and size. It defines key terms like age distribution, geographical distribution, occupational distribution, working population, and optimum population. It also covers factors that determine population size like birth rate, death rate, and net migration. An increasing population can provide economic advantages by increasing output and specialization, but can also strain resources if the population exceeds the optimum level. Measures to address overpopulation and the effects of an aging population are also summarized.
This document proposes that traditional marriage and family are the root causes of many societal problems, including suicides, crimes, and climate change. It argues that by abandoning traditional family structures in favor of a "Home Without Marriage and Family," humanity can find greater happiness and prosperity. The document advertises a new website that explores alternatives to traditional family and ways of building a new life without these institutions. It calls on all people to help discuss and find a new path forward that can make life joyful, free and blessed for humanity.
We are in the last days of this age. Year 2013 is the turning point.
Xue Feng ,Deiform Buddha,the messenger of the Greatest Creator,got the Revelation to build Lifechanyuan, the Noah’s ark in new era, in order to raise the rate of salvation to one or two hundredth in the catastrophe fore-and-aft 2013 and enter into Lifechanyuan era.
Lifechanyuan inherits and upholds the thinking and wisdom of Jesus Christ, Buddha, previous saints, prophet, and sages,and is the last course for human beings to learn and follow. The first course was given by Buddha. The second by Jesus Christ. This is the third yet the last course.
According to the warning of World Health Organization and International Suicide Prevention Association on September 10, 2006, “Globally there are one million suicides every year.”
What’s the root of so many crimes? I can tell you that at least one half of the crimes stem directly from traditional marriage and family. The motive of crimes is in essence to maintain marriage and family.
There are also vast number of invisible crimes, especially those in the economic sectors, for example, corruption and bribery, and blackmail, etc. The offenders break the law for the sole purpose of maintaining their own marriage and family.
The document discusses population trends globally and the factors that influence population growth rates. It notes that while the world's population has quadrupled in the 20th century to over 7 billion, growth rates have been decreasing since peaking in the 1960s. As more countries develop, they experience a "demographic transition" where high birth rates meet declining death rates, leading to population growth that later slows as birth rates also decline. Development factors like rising education and income levels, as well as empowerment of women, contribute to smaller desired family sizes in developed countries. Coercive population policies have largely been ineffective and violate human rights.
The document discusses population trends globally and the factors that influence population growth rates. It notes that while the world's population has quadrupled in the 20th century to over 7 billion, growth rates have been decreasing since peaking in the 1960s. As more countries develop, they tend to complete the demographic transition from high birth and death rates to low rates of both as development leads to lower child mortality and availability of contraceptives. Coercive population policies have historically been ineffective and violate individual rights, while voluntary family planning can help empower women and speed the transition to smaller families.
What Is Demography? Introduction to DemographyVaibhav verma
What Is Demography?
Demography is the scientific study of human populations.
The term itself was coined in 1855 by Achille Guillard, who used it in the title of his book Éléments de Statistique Humaine ou Démographie Comparée.
The word he invented is a combination of two Greek words: demos, which means people, and graphein, which means to write about a particular subject (in this instance, population).
Modern demography is the study of the determinants and consequences of population change and is concerned with virtually everything that influences or can be influenced by these following factors.
Creating Aging Friendly Communities in Wisconsin: How Prepared is Your Commun...sondramilkie
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2. Society and Population
Population distribution in India –
demographic characteristics
Malthusian theories of population
Population explosion in India and its
impact on health status
Family welfare programmes
3. The science of population is also called demography – a
fundamental approach to the understanding of human
society.
The task of a demographer is to ascertain the number
of people in a given area, the changes that have taken
place over the last years and to estimate future trend.
Births, Deaths and Migration are considered here – it
is sociologically important also – to a great extent it is
socially determined – population is studied not only with
reference to area but also with reference to its
characteristics.
4. The births depend upon the fertility whereas the deaths
depend upon mortality.
Thus these three factors, i.e., Fertility, Mortality and
Migration influence the number of people in a particular area.
These factors are, to a great extent, socially determined and
socially determining.
The demographer studies
reference to area but
the population not only with
also with referenceto the
characteristics such as age, sex, literacy, religion, occupation
and marital status.
5. All these traits which are selected by the populationist are
socially important.
The census, therefore, gives information that is both
demographically and socially important.
Society plays a vital role to increase the population and to
maintain the social order. The uncontrolled growth of
population may threaten the social order. If that is so, the
society has to impose restraints on such growth.
Therefore, an adjustment between the rate of population
growth and the social condition is necessary.
6. The society does not allow the people to reproduce to
their full biological capacity.
It always puts control on the actual reproduction which
are both conscious and unconscious controls.
On the other hand society encourages fertility
consciously and unconsciously.
7. Unconscious Controls for fertility:
◦ Taboos on the association of males and females. (for Ex: a wife will
not associate with men other then her husband)
◦ Taboos on sexual intercourse. (for Ex: a brother will not intercourse
with his sister)
◦ Taboos against fornication and adultery at different levels. (for Ex: a
man and woman will not intercourse unless married).
Conscious Controls for fertility:
◦ In fixing the minimum age for marriage.
◦ Forbidding widow remarriage.
◦ Monogamous Marriage.
◦ Limiting the size of the family.
8. Consciously encourage for fertility:
◦ A rebate (discount) in income tax.
◦ A higher dearness allowance.
◦ A facility for getting a house
◦ Admission to certain positions.
Unconsciously encourage for fertility:
◦ Salvation of the soul.
◦ Security of old age.
◦ The production of goods.
◦ The assurance of affection.
9. - Polygamy
- Widowhood
- Urbanization
- Occupation
Age atmarriage
Separation and divorce
Celibacy
Familysystem
Social status of women
Geographicalfactor
- Transport facility
- Medical facility
10. (i) Situations Defined as Calling for Death:-
The aged and infirm may be left to their lot.
Deformed children and Female infanticide exposure.
Sati practice.
War – suicide in war – suicide for various reasons.
Thus, killing or suicide whether institutionalized or
individualistic is an important cause of death in society.
11. (ii) Practices Intended to Give Health
but Having the Opposite Effect:-
MagicalTreatment
Prayer
Sacrifice
Priestly ministration – which are intended to give
health produce opposite effect.
12. (iii) Practices considered Irrelevant to Health,
but Injuring it:-
Injurious customs such as eating with hands,
walking barefooted, betel chewing, custom of
wearing tight dress.
Thus, there are several social factors which cause
sickness and death.
However, the society also tries to check sickness
and mortality and reduce the mortality rate.
13. No systematic study has ever been made of the
causes of migration. The causes are so
complicated.
The migrant has an end in view when deciding
migration.
These ends are so varied that no absolute list can
be made of them once for all.
The attitude of the people in the home country as
well as in the receiving country also determines
the extent of migration.
14. Always in migration there is an element of emotional
and economic cost.
It is not easy to leave one’s relatives, friends and
familiar surroundings.
Nor it is easy pay for high journey fare.
The principal attractions were economic opportunity
and religious and civil liberty available in the new land.
15. Migration
◦ Immigration: coming people from other
country.
◦ Emigration: going people from home country.
◦ Mass migration: large number of people expect
in time of political emergency.
16. Who migrates?
◦ Mostly young adults – males – intelligence – superior
persons – technical expert, including engineers,
doctors, teachers and scientists.
Problems of immigrants:
◦ Mistreated – housing problems – exploited – sense of
injustice – language – culture – prejustice etc.,
20. Thomas Robert Malthus was born on Feb 14,1766.
The title of his essay was on “The Essay on the Principle of
Population as it Affects the Future Improvements of
Society”.
This important work of Malthus is a landmark in the history
of Population Studies.
For many years to come, all views on Population were
classified as Pre-Malthusian, Malthusian, Anti Malthusian and
Neo Malthusian.
21. The Central Theme of Essay begins with
◦ Human beings great potentials of produce
children.
◦ In agriculture Divinising returns operates.
◦ First, the food is necessary for the
Existence of man.
◦ Secondly, the Passion between the sexes is
necessary and it will remain nearly in the
present state.
22. Also, he specifies that, “Population When
unchecked increases in a Geometrical
ratio, but Subsistence increases only in an
Arithmetic ratio”.
Statement of theory:
◦ Population growth
◦ Food production
23. Human affection cannot be avoid.
When husband and wife join, that time child
birth is unstopped one.
When the family planning is failed, that time
population will increase.
After 25 years, the population rate is double in
particular area.
The population rate goes geometrical ratio. (E.g.)
2:4:8:16:32………
24. Without food, human cannot live.
Compare with population growth the food
production is less level of growth.
The food production grows is arithmetical
ratio. (E.g.) 2:4:6:8:10….
25. The difference is affected the people living
conditions. For e.g.: Price of items is increase its
changing the living conditions.
When the population growth and food production are
disequilibrium, that time society face evil practices.
For e.g.: murder, robbery, theft etc.,
Food production is not increase suddenly but at the
same time the society cannot stop the population
growth fully.
26. Thus Malthus recognised that powerful checks
were constantly in operation to stop population
growth, and classified them under two headings.
Restraint (Preventive Checks or control)
Misery (Positive Checks or control)
The first of these checks may be called as Preventive
Checks to Population. Malthus included here two types.
◦ Moral Restraint
◦ Artificial Restraint
27. Moral restraint:
◦ Control from marriage.
◦ Self control to child birth.
◦ Conduct strictly moral during the period of this restraints.
Artificial restraints:
◦ Contraceptive methods.
◦ Law restricted extra marital relations.
◦ Increase the family planning.
28. Malthus classified the second one is positive checks
into two categories,
◦ Exclusive Misery which were brought about by
Natural causes. for e.g. Famine.
◦ The other being those which mankind brought upon
himself such as war.
29.
30. Population explosion or overpopulation denotes a
situation in which the number of people living in a
country rapidly exceeds its carrying or sustaining
capabilities.
It is not just the quantity of people but the ratio of it
in connection with the natural or artificial resources at
hand.
Population explosion can occur due to a number of
reasons such as a step-up of birth rates, down slope of
mortality rates with the advent of modern medical
sciences, a simultaneous increase in immigration and
decrease in emigration and so on.
31. In India, the over population has engulfed almost
all our achievements in industrial, agricultural
production, supporting services like medical care,
housing, transport, educational and banking etc.,
It has put serious pressures on every sector of
our economy and all the sections in our society.
If our ratio or rates of overcrowding population
will decrease then all our national problems can be
traced back.
32. In India the rate of growth of population has
reduced in some states while others it is yet to be
reduced.
The total available population and density of
population are important features to decide our
Nation wealth.
Whether the rate of increase in population, really
affects the country and human health progress.
33.
Decline in the death rate due to control on infant mortality.
Improved medicine, science, technology.
Age at marriage.
Superstitious.
Family structure.
Poverty and economic backwardness.
Illiteracy.
Unemployment.
Migration.
Urbanization, industrialization etc.,
34. Lack of Food – shelter – unemployment -
underemployment– poverty – pollution – low
economic status – low level of per-capita –
deforestation – high cost of price – poor
sanitation – lack of water supply – unreached
Govt. plan – malnutrition -
35. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has a number of
schemes to cover the under-privileged sections of society and
help them with maternity, post and neo-natal healthcare and
family planning.
These include the Janani Suraksha Yojana, Rehabilitation of
Polio Victims and several financial assistance schemes for
surgery and other health problems.
Counseling centres are also available across the country as part
of the government sponsored family welfare schemes.
36. National Family Welfare Programme - India launched the
National Family Welfare Programme in 1951 with the objective
of reducing the birth rate to the extent necessary to stabilize
the population at a level consistent with the requirement of the
National economy. The Family Welfare Programme in India is
recognised as a priority area, and is being implemented as a
100% centrally sponsored programme.
National Population Policy - The National Population Policy, 2000
affirms the commitment of government towards voluntary and
informed choice and consent of citizens while availing of
reproductive health care services and continuation of the target
free approach in administering family planning services.
37. National Rural Health Mission - The National Rural Health Mission (2005-
12) seeks to provide effective healthcare to rural population throughout
the country with special focus on 18 states, which have weak public health
indicators and/or weak infrastructure. The mission aims at effective
integration of health concerns with determinants of health like sanitation
and hygiene, nutrition and safe drinking water through a District Plan for
Health.
Urban Family Welfare - This Scheme was introduced following the
recommendation of the Krishnan Committee in 1983. The main focus was to
provide services through setting up of Health Posts mainly in slum areas.
The services provided are mainly outreach of RCH (Reproductive Child
Health) services, preventive services, First Aid and referral services
including distribution of contraceptives.
38. Sterilization Beds Scheme - A Scheme for reservation of Sterilization beds in
Hospital run by Government, Local Bodies and Voluntary Organisations was
introduced as early as in the year 1964 in order to provide immediate facilities
for tubectomy operations in hospitals where such cases could not be admitted
due to lack of beds etc. But later with the introduction of the Post Partum
Programme some of the beds were transferred to Post Partum Programme and
thereafter the beds were only sanctioned to hospitals send by Local Bodies
and Voluntary Organizations.
Reproductive and Child Health Programme - The Reproductive and Child Health
Programme was launched in October 1997 incorporating new approach to
population and development issues, as exposed in the International Conference
in Population and Development held at Cairo in 1994. The programme integrated
and strengthened in services/interventions under the Child Survival and Safe
Motherhood Programme and Family Planning Services and added to the basket
of services, new areas on Reproductive Tract/Sexually Transmitted infections
(RTI/STI).