I. The document discusses polymers that are used as excipients in pharmaceutical applications and drug delivery systems. It classifies polymers based on their source, structure, polymerization method, and molecular forces. II. It describes desirable polymer properties for pharmaceutical uses including film forming, thickening, gelling, adhesion, and solubility properties. It provides examples of applications of polymers in tablets, liquids, semisolids, and various drug delivery systems. III. The document discusses different types of polymers used in controlled release systems including non-biodegradable, biodegradable, and smart polymers that are responsive to stimuli like pH, temperature, etc. It provides examples of commonly used natural and synthetic bi

1. POLYMER’S AS ADVANCE
EXCIPIENTS
SUBMITTED BY: PRACHI PANDEY, RAHUL PAL SUBMITTED TO: ARSH CHANANA
M. PHARM (PHARMACEUTICS)
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, NIMS INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIMS UNIVERSITY JAIPUR,
RAJASTHAN

2. INTRODCUTION: POLYMER’S
• “Polymer” derived from Greek roots
“Poly” meaning many
“Meros” meaning parts
• Long chain organic molecules assembled from many smaller molecules.

3. CLASSIFICATION
1. Classification based on source
 Natural, Semi-synthetic, Synthetic
2. Classification based on structure
 Linear, Branched, Cross-linked
3. Classification based on polymerisation
 Addition and Condensation
4. Classification based on molecular force
 Thermosetting and Thermoplastic

4. PROPERTIES
I. Low Density
II. Good corrosion resistance and mouldability
III. Excellent surface finish
IV. Economical
V. Good mechanical properties
VI. Temperature resistance
VII. Can be produced transparent or in different colors

5. DESIRABLE POLYMER PROPERTIES IN
PHARMACEUTICALAPPLICATIONS
I. Film Forming
II. Thickening
III. Gelling
IV. Adhesion
V. pH dependent solubility
VI. Solubility in Organic solvents
VII.Barrier Protection

6. ADVANTAGES
I. Low density
II. Stiffness
III. Ultra durable
IV. Resistance to corrosion
V. Thermal electrical insulator
VI. Flexible
VII. Cheaper
VIII. Recyclable

7. APPLICATIONS
1. Tablets:
I. As binders
II. To mask unpleasant taste
III. For enteric coated tablets
2. Liquids :
I. Viscosity enhancers
II. For controlling the flow
3. Semisolids :
I. In the gel preparation
II. In ointments

8. APPLICATIONS-CONTD..
4. Reservoir Systems
I. Ocusert System
II. Progestasert System
III. Reservoir Designed Transdermal Patches
5. Matrix Systems
6. Swelling Controlled Release Systems
7. Biodegradable Systems
8. Osmotically controlled Drug Delivery

10. • Polymers for Reservoir-Based Controlled Release Systems
• Polymers used in the drug delivery systems can be classified into the following categories:
• Diffusion controlled (Non-biodegradable), chemically controlled (Biodegradable), and externally triggered
systems (Smart polymers responded to pH, temperature, etc.).
• Non-biodegradable Polymers
• The polymers which are commonly used in the diffusion-controlled systems are usually nonbiodegradable.
 The nonbiodegradable polymers that have been used most are silicone, cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
 These polymers have been approved by the FDA to be safe for the use in biological systems.
 Polyvinyl alcohol is permeable to various lipophilic drugs, so it is often used as a controlled elution membrane
in the release

11. I. Polymers for Reservoir-Based Controlled Release Systems
II. Polymers used in the drug delivery systems can be classified into the following categories:
III. Diffusion controlled (Non-biodegradable), chemically controlled (Biodegradable), and externally
triggered systems (Smart polymers responded to pH, temperature, etc.).
IV. Non-biodegradable Polymers
V. The polymers which are commonly used in the diffusion-controlled systems are usually
nonbiodegradable.
VI. In these kind of systems, because the polymers are non biodegradable in nature, there is usually no initial
burst release observed, and the release kinetics of the drug is determined by the thickness and
permeability of the polymer, the release area, and the solubility of the drug.
VII.The nonbiodegradable polymers that have been used most are silicone, cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol,
etc.

12. BIODEGRADABLE MATRIX
These systems usually includes polymers comprising of several monomers which are linked together by
functional groups with unstable linkages in the formed backbone.
These are biologically eroded or degraded within the cells by the enzymes or by nonenzymatic processes.
The polymer breaks down into oligomers and or monomers which are either metabolized or excreted from
the body. The examples generally are from natural origin which includes proteins and polysaccharides; it
also includes modified natural and synthetic polymers.

13. BIODEGRADABLE MATRIX
 Biodegradable polymers find widespread use in the drug delivery industry. There are two types of
biodegradable polymers which are used: natural polymers and synthetic polymers.
 Collagen and gelatin are the two natural biodegradable polymers that have been deployed most for
drug delivery systems and are most often used.
 Synthetic biodegradable polymers include PLA, PGA, PLGA, polycaprolactone, polyparadioxane,
polyphosphoesters, polyanhydride, and polyphosphazenes. Among these, PLA, PGA, and their
copolymer PLGA are the most well-defined and used polymers in drug delivery platform

14. Smart polymers, or environmental responsive polymers, are the macromolecules which display
physicochemical change in response to environmental stimuli, such as a change in temperature, pH, ionic,
strength, redox potential, biochemical agents, or ultrasound.
Advantages that smart polymers could bring to drug delivery systems: ease of application, localized
delivery of drugs with site-specific action, prolonged delivery period, and decreased systemic drug dosage to
minimize the associated side effect
Polymers that show thermo-sensitivity are poly (Nisopropylacrylamide; PNIPAAM), poly (ethylene oxide)-
poly (propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers (PEO-PPO-PEO), and poly (ethylene
glycol)-poly (lactic acid)-poly (ethylene glycol) triblocks (PEG-PLA-PEG).
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been shown to release gradually from a system which are made of
temperature-responsive chitosan grafted with PEG (PEG-g-chitosan).

15. REFERENCE
 Chien. YW, “Novel drug delivery systems, drugs and the Pharmaceutical sciences”, Vol.50, Marcel
Dekkar, New York, NY; 1992.
 Banker. G. S and Rhodes. C.T. “Modern pharmaceutics, third edition”, New York, Marcel Dekkar, Inc.,
1990.
 Allen. LV, Popovich. NG, Ansel. HC. “Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
Systems, 8th Edition, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2005.pp. 298-315.