The important points of composite materials are mentioned. This file includes, what is composite materials, its classifications, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
LARGE PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITE ,,,An Overview
Seminar done as a part of METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE.
Good PPT to study,
included most of the points to study
HASEEB KM
S3 ME
MUTHOOT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, COCHIN
Generally speaking, a composite is considered to be any multiphase material that exhibits a significant proportion of the properties of both constituent phases such that a better combination of properties is realized.
The important points of composite materials are mentioned. This file includes, what is composite materials, its classifications, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
LARGE PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITE ,,,An Overview
Seminar done as a part of METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE.
Good PPT to study,
included most of the points to study
HASEEB KM
S3 ME
MUTHOOT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, COCHIN
Generally speaking, a composite is considered to be any multiphase material that exhibits a significant proportion of the properties of both constituent phases such that a better combination of properties is realized.
A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that
gives better properties than those of the individual components used alone. In contrast to
metallic alloys, each material retains its separate chemical, physical, and mechanical
properties. The two constituents are reinforcement and a matrix. The main advantages of
composite materials are their high strength and stiffness combined with low density when
compared to classical materials. Micromechanical approach is found to be more suitable for
the analysis of composite materials because it studies the volume proportions of the
constituents for the desired lamina stiffness and strength.
Composites are engineered materials made from two or more constituents with different physical or chemical
properties, which remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. A fiber is a material, which is made into
a long filament with diameter generally in the order of 10 microns. The aspect ratio of length to diameter can be
ranging from thousands to infinity in continuous fibers. Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is
encouraging scientific research into the development of cheaper, more environmentally friendly and more
sustainable construction and packing materials. For environment concern on synthetic fiber (such as glass, carbon,
ceramic gibers etc) natural fibers (such as flax, hemp, jute, kenai) etc are widely used. Industrial hemp fiber is one
of the strongest of the natural fibers available and possesses benefits such as low cost and low production energy
requirements. The primary objective of this research is to fabricate the natural fiber composites with suitable
processing/manufacturing methods and to examine the mechanical properties when subjected to Tension, Bending
and to compare & contrast the results with the available literature. In this research work, hemp fiber reinforced
Epoxy matrix composites have been developed by hand layup method with varying process parameters, such as
coupling agent(with and without compatibilizers) and different fiber percentages (10%,20% and 30% by weight).
The developed composites were then characterized by tensile test and flexural testing. Results show that the tensile
strength and flexural properties increases with the increase in fiber percentage. However after a certain percentage
the tensile strength decreases again. Compared to untreated hemp fiber, no significant changes in the tensile strength
have been observed for treated hemp fiber reinforcement. The flexural strength / modulus of the composite were
higher compared to pure epoxy for all filler/fiber loadings.
Testing the flexural fatigue behavior of e glass epoxy laminateseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
2. Composite Materials
Composite Materials refers to all solid materials composed of more than one
substances.
A more narrow definition of composite materials is,
‘These are the solid materials composed of a matrix system which surrounds
and binds together the reinforcements’.
Generally speaking, a composite is considered to be any multiphase material
that exhibits a significant proportion of the properties of both constituent
phases such that a better combination of properties is realized.
According to this principle of combined action, better property combinations are
fashioned by the judicious combination of two or more distinct materials.
2
3. Composite Materials
The other phase is called the dispersed phase or reinforcement phase, which
is surrounded by the matrix.
For most of composites, the reinforcement/dispersed phase is harder and
stiffer than the matrix
There is no universal definition of composite materials however from the scope of this
subject,
It serves the following purposes at least;
1) It consists of two or more physically distinct and mechanically separable materials.
2) It can be made by mixing the separate materials in such a way that the dispersion of
one material in the other can be done in a controlled way to achieve optimum properties.
3) The properties are superior and possibly unique in some specific respects, to the
properties of the individual components.
3
4. Carbon/epoxy composite crutch. This
crutch is stronger than its aluminum
counterpart yet weighs 50% less, is
quieter, and is more aesthetically
High performance sporting goods
4
6. What makes polymer reinforced composite a better choice
than metals?
Specific Modulus
and
Specific Strength
Higher specific modulus and specific strength of polymer
reinforced composites means that the weight of the
components can be reduced.
This is a factor of great concern where reductions in weight
result in greater efficiency and energy savings.
Composite Materials
6
7. Composite Materials
Polymeric matrix composites (PMCs) are divided into two groups.
They differ principally in the type and length of the fiber reinforcement and in the type of
resin used.
1. Advanced composites:
It is characterized by very long and very high performance reinforcements.
The resin types have also superior thermal and mechanical properties.
Advanced composites are typically used for
Aerospace applications like Rocket motor, cases and airplane parts,
High performance sporting goods like golf clubs, tennis rackets etc.
2. Engineering composites:
These are characterized by shorter fibers and fibers with lower mechanical
properties.
The resins have also lower mechanical performance.
Products include;
Boat hulls, Tubs, Shower stalls, Fuel storage tanks etc.
7
8. Any material can be used as a matrix, however, limited
number of materials are used depending on the following
Factors;
1) Ease of Fabrication
2) Compatibility with Fibers
3) Desired end properties
4) Cost
Composite Materials
8
9. Function of Matrix Phase
The matrix phase serves several functions
1) It binds the fibers together and acts as the medium by which an externally
applied stress is transmitted and distributed to the fibers; only a very small
proportion of an applied load is sustained by the matrix phase.
2) The second function of the matrix is to protect the individual fibers from
surface damage as a result of mechanical abrasion or chemical reactions with
the environment. Such interactions may introduce surface flaws capable of forming
cracks, which may lead to failure at low tensile stress levels
3) The matrix separates the fibers, prevents the propagation of brittle cracks
from fiber to fiber, which could result in catastrophic failure; the matrix phase
serves as a barrier to crack propagation.
It is essential that adhesive bonding forces between fiber and matrix be high to
minimize fiber pull-out.
Bonding strength is an important consideration in the choice of the matrix–fiber
combination.
Adequate bonding is essential to maximize the stress transmittance from the
weak matrix to the strong fibers.
9
12. Manufacturing of Fibers – Comparison
Five aspects of fiber properties are relevant to the use of fibers in composite materials;
1) Specific Properties
2) Thermal Stability
3) Compressive properties
4) Fiber fracture
5) Fiber flexibility
13. Composite Materials---Fiber-Matrix interface
The structure and properties of the
Fiber-matrix interface play a major role
in the mechanical and physical properties
of the composite materials.
The stresses acting on the matrix are
transmitted to the fibers across the interface.
The interface is a dominant factor.
Fibers and matrix have to be strongly
bonded together.
Composite materials with weak interfaces
have relatively low strength and stiffness
While
Strong interfaces give high strength and
stiffness
13
14. Composite Materials---Fiber-Matrix interface
In a simple system, bonding at an interface is due to adhesion between fiber & matrix.
However, the fibers are often coated with a layer of material which forms a bond between
the fiber and matrix.
Adhesion can be attributed to five main mechanisms which can occur at the interface
either in isolation or in combination to produce the bond.
1)Adsorption and Wetting
2)Interdiffusion
3)Electrostatic attraction
4)Chemical Bonding
5)Mechanical adhesion
14
15. Composite Materials--- Influence of fiber length
Case 1 Case 2
Case 3
Some critical fiber length is necessary for effective strengthening
and stiffening of the composite materials. The critical length is
dependent on the fiber dia.
Usually the critical length is on the order of 1mm which ranges
between 20 and 150 times the fiber dia.
load is
achieved
only at
the axial
center of
the fiber
there is
virtually no
stress
transference
and little
reinforcement
by the fiber