REINFORCED POLYMERIC COMPOSITE (RPC) MATERIALSSameer Ahmad
INTRODUCTION
A microscopic mixture of two or more different materials. One typically being the continuous phase (matrix), and the other being the discontinuous phase (reinforcement).
Its properties are strongly dependent on the composite structure. Composites could be natural or synthetic.
Constituents of composite materials.-
REINFORCED POLYMERIC COMPOSITE (RPC) MATERIALSSameer Ahmad
INTRODUCTION
A microscopic mixture of two or more different materials. One typically being the continuous phase (matrix), and the other being the discontinuous phase (reinforcement).
Its properties are strongly dependent on the composite structure. Composites could be natural or synthetic.
Constituents of composite materials.-
LARGE PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITE ,,,An Overview
Seminar done as a part of METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE.
Good PPT to study,
included most of the points to study
HASEEB KM
S3 ME
MUTHOOT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, COCHIN
The important points of composite materials are mentioned. This file includes, what is composite materials, its classifications, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
LARGE PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITE ,,,An Overview
Seminar done as a part of METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE.
Good PPT to study,
included most of the points to study
HASEEB KM
S3 ME
MUTHOOT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, COCHIN
The important points of composite materials are mentioned. This file includes, what is composite materials, its classifications, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
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Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
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A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
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Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
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Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
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VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirements
Chp 17
1. <br />17.1 Introduction <br />The idea is that by combining two or more distinct materials one can engineer a new material with the desired combination of properties (e.g., light, strong, corrosion resistant). The idea that a better combination of properties can be achieved is called the principle of combined action.<br />New - High-tech materials, engineered to specific applications<br />Old - brick-straw composites, paper, known for > 5000 years.<br />A type of composite that has been discussed is perlitic steel, which combines hard, brittle cementite with soft, ductile ferrite to get a superior material. <br />Natural composites: wood (polymer-polymer), bones (polymer-ceramics). <br />Usual composites have just two phases: <br />matrix (continuous) <br />dispersed phase (particulates, fibers) <br />Properties of composites depend on <br />properties of phases <br />geometry of dispersed phase (particle size, distribution, orientation) <br />amount of phase <br />Classification of composites: three main categories: <br />particle-reinforced (large-particle and dispersion-strengthened) <br />fiber-reinforced (continuous (aligned) and short fibers (aligned or random) <br />structural (laminates and sandwich panels) <br />Particle-reinforced composites<br />These are the cheapest and most widely used. They fall in two categories depending on the size of the particles: <br />large-particle composites, which act by restraining the movement of the matrix, if well bonded. <br />dispersion-strengthened composites, containing 10-100 nm particles, similar to what was discussed under precipitation hardening. The matrix bears the major portion of the applied load and the small particles hinder dislocation motion, limiting plastic deformation. <br />17.2 Large-Particle Composites<br />Properties are a combination of those of the components. The rule of mixtures predicts that an upper limit of the elastic modulus of the composite is given in terms of the elastic moduli of the matrix (Em) and the particulate (Ep) phases by: <br /> Ec = EmVm + EpVp<br />where Vm and Vp are the volume fraction of the two phases. A lower bound is given by: <br /> Ec = EmEp / (EpVm + EmVp)<br />Fig. 17.3 - modulus of composite of WC particles in Cu matrix vs. WC concentration. <br />Concrete<br />The most common large-particle composite is concrete, made of a cement matrix that bonds particles of different size (gravel and sand.) Cement was already known to the Egyptians and the Greek. Romans made cement by mixing lime (CaO) with volcanic ice. <br />In its general from, cement is a fine mixture of lime, alumina, silica, and water. Portland cement is a fine powder of chalk, clay and lime-bearing minerals fired to 1500o C (calcinated). It forms a paste when dissolved in water. It sets into a solid in minutes and hardens slowly (takes 4 months for full strength). Properties depend on how well it is mixed, and the amount of water: too little - incomplete bonding, too much - excessive porosity. <br />The advantage of cement is that it can be poured in place, it hardens at room temperature and even under water, and it is very cheap. The disadvantages are that it is weak and brittle, and that water in the pores can produce crack when it freezes in cold weather. <br />Concrete is cement strengthened by adding particulates. The use of different size (stone and sand) allows better packing factor than when using particles of similar size. <br />Concrete is improved by making the pores smaller (using finer powder, adding polymeric lubricants, and applying pressure during hardening. <br />Reinforced concrete is obtained by adding steel rods, wires, mesh. Steel has the advantage of a similar thermal expansion coefficient, so there is reduced danger of cracking due to thermal stresses. Pre-stressed concrete is obtained by applying tensile stress to the steel rods while the cement is setting and hardening. When the tensile stress is removed, the concrete is left under compressive stress, enabling it to sustain tensile loads without fracturing. Pre-stressed concrete shapes are usually prefabricated. A common use is in railroad or highway bridges. <br />Cermets <br />are composites of ceramic particles (strong, brittle) in a metal matrix (soft, ductile) that enhances toughness. For instance, tungsten carbide or titanium carbide ceramics in Co or Ni. They are used for cutting tools for hardened steels. <br />Reinforced rubber<br />is obtained by strengthening with 20-50 nm carbon-black particles. Used in auto tires. <br />17.3 Dispersion-Strengthened Composites <br />Use of very hard, small particles to strengthen metals and metal alloys. The effect is like precipitation hardening but not so strong. Particles like oxides do not react so the strengthening action is retained at high temperatures. <br />Fiber-reinforced composites<br />In many applications, like in aircraft parts, there is a need for high strength per unit weight (specific strength). This can be achieved by composites consisting of a low-density (and soft) matrix reinforced with stiff fibers.<br />The strength depends on the fiber length and its orientation with respect to the stress direction. <br />The efficiency of load transfer between matrix and fiber depends on the interfacial bond. <br />17.4 Influence of Fiber Length <br />Normally the matrix has a much lower modulus than the fiber so it strains more. This occurs at a distance from the fiber. Right next to the fiber, the strain is limited by the fiber. Thus, for a composite under tension, a shear stress appears in the matrix that pulls from the fiber. The pull is uniform over the area of the fiber. This makes the force on the fiber be minimum at the ends and maximum in the middle, like in the tug-of-war game. <br />To achieve effective strengthening and stiffening, the fibers must be larger than a critical length lc, defined as the minimum length at which the center of the fiber reaches the ultimate (tensile) strength f, when the matrix achieves the maximum shear strength m:<br /> lc = sf d /2 tm<br />Since it is proportional to the diameter of the fiber d, a more unified condition for effective strengthening is that the aspect ratio of the fiber is l/d > f /2 m.<br />17.5 Influence of Fiber Orientation <br />The composite is stronger along the direction of orientation of the fibers and weakest in a direction perpendicular to the fiber. For discontinuous, random fibers, the properties are isotropic. <br />17.6 The Fiber Phase (not covered)<br />17.7 The Matrix Phase (not covered)<br />17.8 Polymer Matrix Composites <br />Largest and most diverse use of composites due to ease of fabrication, low cost and good properties.<br />Glass-fiber reinforced composites (GFRC) are strong, corrosion resistant and lightweight, but not very stiff and cannot be used at high temperatures. Applications include auto and boat bodies, aircraft components. <br />Carbon-fiber reinforced composites (CFRC) use carbon fibers, which have the highest specific module (module divided by weight). CFRC are strong, inert, allow high temperature use. Applications include fishing rods, golf clubs, aircraft components. <br />Kevlar, and aremid-fiber composite (Fig. 17.9) can be used as textile fibers. Applications include bullet-proof vests, tires, brake and clutch linings. <br />Wood<br />This is one of the oldest and the most widely used structural material. It is a composite of strong and flexible cellulose fibers (linear polymer) surrounded and held together by a matrix of lignin and other polymers. The properties are anisotropic and vary widely among types of wood. Wood is ten times stronger in the axial direction than in the radial or tangential directions. <br />17.9 Metal-Matrix Composites (not covered)<br />17.10 Ceramic-Matrix Composites (not covered)<br />17.11 Carbon-Carbon Composites (not covered)<br />17.12 Hybrid Composites (not covered)<br />17.13 Processing of Fiber-Reinforced Composites (not covered)<br />17.14 Laminar Composites <br />Sheets (panels) with different orientation of high strength directions are stacked and glued together, producing a material with more isotropic strength in the plane. Examples are plywood and modern skis. <br />17.15 Sandwich Panels<br />Strong, stiff end sheets are bonded to lightweight core structure, for instance honeycomb (Fig. 17.16) which provides strength to shear. It is used in roofs, walls, and aircraft structures. <br />Terms: <br />Ceramic-matrix composite <br />Cermet <br />Concrete <br />Dispersed phase <br />Dispersion-strengthened composite <br />Fiber <br />Fiber-reinforced composite <br />Hybrid composite <br />Laminar composite <br />Large-particle composite <br />Longitudinal direction <br />Matrix phase <br />Metal-matrix composite <br />Polymer-matrix composite <br />Pre-stressed concrete <br />Principle of combined action <br />Reinforced concrete <br />Rule of mixtures <br />Sandwich panel <br />Specific modulus <br />Specific strength <br />Structural composite <br />Transverse direction <br />Whisker <br /> <br /> <br />