Polygenic Inheritance
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Polygenic inheritance is when a single trait is controlled by multiple genes. Most human traits related to size, shape, and color are polygenic. A cross between parents that are heterozygous for three genes (AaBbCc x AaBbCc) would produce offspring with different combinations of dominant and recessive alleles, leading to a range of phenotypes. The number of dominant alleles an individual possesses determines how strongly or darkly a polygenic trait is expressed.
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Living things are made of cells, reproduce, grow and develop. They obtain and use matter and energy, operate using genetic codes, and respond, adapt and change over time. The document discusses the key characteristics that define life and asks where one would go to study life.
Natural Causes
Intelligent Design (ID) proposes that certain features of the universe and living things are best explained by an intelligent cause rather than an undirected process like natural selection. It points to two main ideas: 1) specified complexity, where an object has both complexity (improbability) and specification (meaningful pattern), and 2) irreducible complexity, where a system requires all of its parts to function. ID argues that systems like the mousetrap exhibit these properties by requiring all components to work. ID differs from creationism in that it does not attempt to identify the intelligent cause or make claims about the origin of the universe addressed in Genesis.
The Island
The document contains discussion questions about the film "The Island" regarding a clone who is produced to be a spare organ donor for its sponsor. Key topics addressed are whether clones have souls, if the human body is just a collection of parts like a machine, what the film says about science and technology, and if it can be considered a Christian film based on the values and ideas presented. The questions analyze themes around humanity, ethics, and the relationship between religion and scientific advancement as portrayed in the film.
Genes And Variation
This document discusses key concepts relating to genes, variation, and evolution. It defines evolution as any change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population's gene pool over time. Allele frequencies can change due to mutations, migration, genetic drift, and natural selection. For a population to maintain genetic equilibrium without evolving, it must meet five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: random mating, large population size, no gene flow, no mutations, and no natural selection. Isolation through geographic or behavioral means can lead to the formation of new species through speciation over long periods of time.
Organelles
The document summarizes the major organelles found in eukaryotic cells. It describes 10 organelles: the nucleus, which controls the cell and contains DNA; ribosomes, which synthesize proteins; the endoplasmic reticulum, which helps produce cell membranes; the Golgi apparatus, which modifies and packages molecules; lysosomes, which digest materials; vacuoles, which store water and nutrients in plant cells; mitochondria, which generate energy; chloroplasts, which capture sunlight for photosynthesis in plant cells; the cytoskeleton, made of microfilaments and microtubules that support the cell; and centrioles, which help with cell division. It concludes by contrasting typical characteristics of plant and animal cells
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Polygenic Inheritance
- 4. Record the number of Dominant Alleles in the Punnett Square