The document compares intellectual property rights (IPR) traditions and attitudes in Sweden and China. It notes that while Sweden introduced patents in the 17th century and had a strong tradition of individual inventors producing innovations, China had many early technological advances but no tradition of protecting inventions. More recently, both countries have strengthened IPR laws and enforcement, with China doing so partly in response to international pressure. However, challenges remain in fully enforcing laws against copying and infringement in both countries.
Invited Lecture on 8th December 2015 in Orientation Programme of UGC-HRDC of Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal>>>
Invention is the key to economic development of any nation. No invention can be diffused to the desired level in the society until it is successfully innovated and induce further invention. Creation of any new idea, conceptualization of the idea to its production of new product or process to solve a specific problem-in every stage requires protection by Intellectual property rights (IPR). Protection of invention and innovation through various forms of IPR particularly patents not only act as a lever of economic growth but also minimise the social inequality in the society. Creating a climate of invention, subsequent innovation protected by IPR will help us to recreate our future.
New century calls for new innovation system. Instead of individualistic closed innovation we require participative open innovation or collective creation. Closed innovation system is not adequate to solve the societal issues. However openness of open knowledge doesn't necessarily mean free access or free ride of technologies rather it aims at non-discriminatory access of technologies that may be used by IP licensing. Unlike open knowledge open innovation demands three types of open innovations like- Out side-in, Inside-out and joint innovation. Almost all big organizations like IBM, Microsoft, Philips have embraced open innovation to make better , improvised and innovative product to solve various social problems.
Invited Lecture on 8th December 2015 in Orientation Programme of UGC-HRDC of Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal>>>
Invention is the key to economic development of any nation. No invention can be diffused to the desired level in the society until it is successfully innovated and induce further invention. Creation of any new idea, conceptualization of the idea to its production of new product or process to solve a specific problem-in every stage requires protection by Intellectual property rights (IPR). Protection of invention and innovation through various forms of IPR particularly patents not only act as a lever of economic growth but also minimise the social inequality in the society. Creating a climate of invention, subsequent innovation protected by IPR will help us to recreate our future.
New century calls for new innovation system. Instead of individualistic closed innovation we require participative open innovation or collective creation. Closed innovation system is not adequate to solve the societal issues. However openness of open knowledge doesn't necessarily mean free access or free ride of technologies rather it aims at non-discriminatory access of technologies that may be used by IP licensing. Unlike open knowledge open innovation demands three types of open innovations like- Out side-in, Inside-out and joint innovation. Almost all big organizations like IBM, Microsoft, Philips have embraced open innovation to make better , improvised and innovative product to solve various social problems.
Introducing Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) to academia. Primarily zeroing in on patent and copyright. Intricacies of creativity and copyright in academia is elaborated.
This presentation will orient you in the complex world of intellectual property. You'll learn about copyright, trademarks, trade secrets, and patents, and how they apply to software. We'll also touch on open source licensing and patent trolls. You'll learn what that funny ® symbol means, and how KFC keeps Col. Sanders' famous fried chicken recipe a trade secret. Especially useful for founders, this talk was born from feedback from last year's Code Camp session, "Don't Screw Up Your Licensing".
I gave this talk at Silicon Valley Code Camp 2015.
What happens when corporate ownership shifts to China? A case study on rubber...CIFOR-ICRAF
In the last decade, China's investments in Africa's agricultural sector but can the geographic origin of investment affect the Performance and the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the Company?
CIFOR Scientists Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, Pablo Cerutti, Louis Putzel and Richard Eba'a Atyi present "What happens when corporate ownership shifts to China? A case study on rubber production in Cameroon".
www.christopher-pappas.com
INTRODUCTION
In 1883, the importance of intellectual property was recognized for first time in the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property followed by the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in 1886. Nowadays, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and to be more specific Article 27, protects the intellectual property rights that a creator or an owner of a patent or copyright has on his/her own work or investment (“What is intellectual property?” n.d.).
It is true to say that countries realized that intellectual property is a powerful tool for economic development and social and cultural welfare. Furthermore, countries wanted to promote creativity and invention especially when the interests of the innovator are the same as those of the public interest. As a result, countries created laws to protect intellectual property.
Moreover, each of us should promote intellectual property rights because of the benefits we join. For example, with the patent system an inventor of a new and highly effective drug for cancer will continue his/her research in order to produce a better and more efficient product. The results of this invention will benefit the members of the society with several ways. Patients will have more possibilities of being cured and the inventor will be rewarded for his creativity.
Intellectual property refers to the intangible property, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade dress, which belong to a person or a company. To be more specific, it refers to the creations of the mind like: symbols, inventions, artistic works, literary, and images (“Introduction to intellectual property: theory and practice” (1997).
General speaking, intellectual property is divided into two categories:
1. Patent or industrial property, which includes trademarks, inventions, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and
2. Copyright, which includes literary and artistic works, such as poems, paintings, plays, films, musical works, novels, drawings, photographs, architectural designs, and sculptures (“What is intellectual property” n.d.).
Moreover, a patent for an invention is an exclusive right granted to the inventor, issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years from the date the application for the patent was filed in the United States and the maintenance fees were paid. Moreover, U.S. patent grants are effective only within the United States, U.S. territories, and U.S. possessions. Patent protection means that the invention cannot be commercially made, used, distributed, or sold without the patent owner’s consent. Furthermore, a patent owner can sell the right of the invention to someone else, who will become the new owner of the patent. When a patent expires the protection ends, and as a result, the invention becomes available to commercial exploitation by others (“What is a patent?” 2005).
Also, there are several types of patents but the most common are three:
1. Utility or function patents, such as a process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter,
2. Design patents, such as a new, original, and ornamental design for an article of manufacture; and
3. Plant patents, such as a distinct and new variety of plant (“What is patent? n.d).
Furthermore, the purpose of copyrights is to protect the expression of ideas. In other words, it protects the rights of the authors and creators in any field, such as literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and unpublished. As Jennings M. (2006), states: “A copyright gives the holder of the copyright the exclusive right to sell, control, or license the copyrighted work.” (p. 624)
According to the Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act, the holder
PRC Contract Law Principles and Risk Management in Contract DraftingRHKLegal
An overview of contract drafting techniques with regard to the PRC Contract Law principles and recent Supreme Court Directions. An analysis of limitation of liability and liquidated damages clauses in the China market context.
Introducing Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) to academia. Primarily zeroing in on patent and copyright. Intricacies of creativity and copyright in academia is elaborated.
This presentation will orient you in the complex world of intellectual property. You'll learn about copyright, trademarks, trade secrets, and patents, and how they apply to software. We'll also touch on open source licensing and patent trolls. You'll learn what that funny ® symbol means, and how KFC keeps Col. Sanders' famous fried chicken recipe a trade secret. Especially useful for founders, this talk was born from feedback from last year's Code Camp session, "Don't Screw Up Your Licensing".
I gave this talk at Silicon Valley Code Camp 2015.
What happens when corporate ownership shifts to China? A case study on rubber...CIFOR-ICRAF
In the last decade, China's investments in Africa's agricultural sector but can the geographic origin of investment affect the Performance and the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the Company?
CIFOR Scientists Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, Pablo Cerutti, Louis Putzel and Richard Eba'a Atyi present "What happens when corporate ownership shifts to China? A case study on rubber production in Cameroon".
www.christopher-pappas.com
INTRODUCTION
In 1883, the importance of intellectual property was recognized for first time in the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property followed by the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in 1886. Nowadays, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and to be more specific Article 27, protects the intellectual property rights that a creator or an owner of a patent or copyright has on his/her own work or investment (“What is intellectual property?” n.d.).
It is true to say that countries realized that intellectual property is a powerful tool for economic development and social and cultural welfare. Furthermore, countries wanted to promote creativity and invention especially when the interests of the innovator are the same as those of the public interest. As a result, countries created laws to protect intellectual property.
Moreover, each of us should promote intellectual property rights because of the benefits we join. For example, with the patent system an inventor of a new and highly effective drug for cancer will continue his/her research in order to produce a better and more efficient product. The results of this invention will benefit the members of the society with several ways. Patients will have more possibilities of being cured and the inventor will be rewarded for his creativity.
Intellectual property refers to the intangible property, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade dress, which belong to a person or a company. To be more specific, it refers to the creations of the mind like: symbols, inventions, artistic works, literary, and images (“Introduction to intellectual property: theory and practice” (1997).
General speaking, intellectual property is divided into two categories:
1. Patent or industrial property, which includes trademarks, inventions, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and
2. Copyright, which includes literary and artistic works, such as poems, paintings, plays, films, musical works, novels, drawings, photographs, architectural designs, and sculptures (“What is intellectual property” n.d.).
Moreover, a patent for an invention is an exclusive right granted to the inventor, issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years from the date the application for the patent was filed in the United States and the maintenance fees were paid. Moreover, U.S. patent grants are effective only within the United States, U.S. territories, and U.S. possessions. Patent protection means that the invention cannot be commercially made, used, distributed, or sold without the patent owner’s consent. Furthermore, a patent owner can sell the right of the invention to someone else, who will become the new owner of the patent. When a patent expires the protection ends, and as a result, the invention becomes available to commercial exploitation by others (“What is a patent?” 2005).
Also, there are several types of patents but the most common are three:
1. Utility or function patents, such as a process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter,
2. Design patents, such as a new, original, and ornamental design for an article of manufacture; and
3. Plant patents, such as a distinct and new variety of plant (“What is patent? n.d).
Furthermore, the purpose of copyrights is to protect the expression of ideas. In other words, it protects the rights of the authors and creators in any field, such as literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and unpublished. As Jennings M. (2006), states: “A copyright gives the holder of the copyright the exclusive right to sell, control, or license the copyrighted work.” (p. 624)
According to the Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act, the holder
PRC Contract Law Principles and Risk Management in Contract DraftingRHKLegal
An overview of contract drafting techniques with regard to the PRC Contract Law principles and recent Supreme Court Directions. An analysis of limitation of liability and liquidated damages clauses in the China market context.
These PPT Shows us the clear view of the Intelluctual property right,The PPT is created in such a way that even a school student can take the seminar easily in the following topic of Intellectual Property right where it is used in such a way.
For More property like these contact Instagram ID:_._.hasif_._
Understanding IPR and Copyright Law Presentation Jorhat Kendriya Mahavidyalay...Dr. Utpal Das
Understanding IPR and Copyright Law are important for the general public. Librarians are the stakeholders in making the general public aware of these rights to its users.
IN THIS PRESENTATION WE DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING:-
-Concept of IPR
-History of IPR
-Rights related to IPR
-Branches of IPR
-Emerging issues in IPR
-Benefits of IPR
-Conclusion
Are you new to Intellectual Property and you want to get a quick review on what it is all about? This slide reveals the in general what you need to know and gives you a basis for better learning in the most basic language.
4. IPR includes
Patent: exclusive right given by a patent means that no one may use the
invention for professional purposes
Trademark: is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, business
organization or other legal entity to identify itself with its products or
services
Design: protects the looks of
the product rather than its functions
Copyright: The creator; the writer,
composer and artists has his/her right
to their intellectual work
5. Background
Sweden China
Concept of Patent first Concept of Patent first
introduced during the 17th introduced during the 21st
century. century
First governmental authority Intellectual property rights
established 1885 (IPRs) have been
The Swedish Patent and acknowledged and protected
Registration Office (PRV) in the People’s Republic of
since 1978 China since 1979.
First governmental authority
established 1980
6. Tradition
Sweden China
Most successful inventors Great civilization for millennia
during the 20th century Until the 15th century, Chinese
During the same time period technological discoveries and
many flourishing companies inventions were often far in
established advance of those in Europe.
Individualistic Culture No sense of protecting what they
Earn Profit and Recognition have invented.
High quality E.g :Traditional Chinese
”Just a little bit” better Medicine(TCM), more than
2000 years ago, NO patent.
7. Swedish inventions
Dynamite (1867)
Spherical Bearings (1907)
Tetra Pak (1944)
Pacemaker (1958)
…and what did the Chinese people do at this time?
8.
9. Chinese Inventions
The famous Four Great Inventions:
Gunpowder (the 9th century )
Printing (in 868 )
Compass (4th-century BC)
Papermaking (AD 105)
...... What were the Swedish doing?
10.
11. Changes in attitude towards IPR
Sweden China
Downloading of Music, Movies etc. Pressure from the West and the
World Trade Organization
Immaterial rights
the State Intellectual Property
Enforcement of IPRED-law Office ("SIPO")
(Intellectual Property Rights Today, SIPO is responsible for
Enforcement Directive) granting patents (national office),
Stealing is illegal but free registering semiconductor layout
downloading should be legal? designs (national office), and
enforcing patents (local SIPO
offices),
coordinating domestic foreign-
related IPR issues involving
copyrights, trademarks and
patents
12. Continued…
Sweden China
Not accepted to look for or buy China’s first patent law was
copied products at home enacted in 1984
…but if we go somewhere else… Chemical and pharmaceutical
Increasing number of so called products, as well as
shopping trips to especially food, beverages, and flavorings
China are all now patentable
Majority of those who go do buy The Chinese Patent
copied products Law, enacted in 1993, for
Traditional Medical Knowledge
protection.
Some Chinese own products are
seen E.g
13. However, does it work?
Sweden China
Limitations: Limitations:
Downloading China’s reliance on
Works in the white market administrative
Black Market X Criminal measures
• Private persons Corruption
• Organized criminal groups
Limited training to
Lack resources enforcement officials
Penalties Lack of Public Education
Public Education Present
14. IKEA
In China since 1998
11 Furniture in Kunming
Copied the whole experience of IKEA
How to protect against this?
…luckily, they did not even try to copy…
17. Questions
Why does the Chinese authorities fail to impliment
the laws restricting the copying of products – is it a
question of the mindset or the size of the population
that complicates the issue most?
Do you think that protection IPR is a medium of
boosting creativity or instead rather working in the
opposite direction?