The document compares intellectual property rights (IPR) traditions and attitudes in Sweden and China. It notes that while Sweden introduced patents in the 17th century and had a strong tradition of individual inventors producing innovative products, China had many early technological innovations but no tradition of protecting inventions. More recently, both countries have strengthened IPR laws and enforcement, with China doing so partly in response to international pressure. However, challenges remain in fully enforcing laws against copying and infringement in both countries.

1. Peggy Lai 09013687
Lisa

4. IPR includes
 Patent: exclusive right given by a patent means that no one may use the
invention for professional purposes
 Trademark: is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, business
organization or other legal entity to identify itself with its products or
services
 Design: protects the looks of
the product rather than its functions
 Copyright: The creator; the writer,
composer and artists has his/her right
to their intellectual work

5. Background
Sweden China
 Concept of Patent first  Concept of Patent first
introduced during the 17th introduced during the 21st
century. century
 First governmental authority  Intellectual property rights
established 1885 (IPRs) have been
 The Swedish Patent and acknowledged and protected
Registration Office (PRV) in the People’s Republic of
since 1978 China since 1979.
 First governmental authority
established 1980

6. Tradition
Sweden China
 Most successful inventors  Great civilization for millennia
during the 20th century  Until the 15th century, Chinese
 During the same time period technological discoveries and
many flourishing companies inventions were often far in
established advance of those in Europe.
 Individualistic Culture  No sense of protecting what they
 Earn Profit and Recognition have invented.
 High quality  E.g :Traditional Chinese
 ”Just a little bit” better Medicine(TCM), more than
2000 years ago, NO patent.

7. Swedish inventions
 Dynamite (1867)
 Spherical Bearings (1907)
 Tetra Pak (1944)
 Pacemaker (1958)
…and what did the Chinese people do at this time?

9. Chinese Inventions
The famous Four Great Inventions:
Gunpowder (the 9th century )
Printing (in 868 )
Compass (4th-century BC)
Papermaking (AD 105)
...... What were the Swedish doing?

11. Changes in attitude towards IPR
Sweden China
 Downloading of Music, Movies etc.  Pressure from the West and the
World Trade Organization
 Immaterial rights
 the State Intellectual Property
 Enforcement of IPRED-law Office ("SIPO")
(Intellectual Property Rights  Today, SIPO is responsible for
Enforcement Directive)  granting patents (national office),
 Stealing is illegal but free  registering semiconductor layout
downloading should be legal? designs (national office), and
 enforcing patents (local SIPO
offices),
 coordinating domestic foreign-
related IPR issues involving
copyrights, trademarks and
patents

12. Continued…
Sweden China
 Not accepted to look for or buy  China’s first patent law was
copied products at home enacted in 1984
 …but if we go somewhere else…  Chemical and pharmaceutical
 Increasing number of so called products, as well as food,
shopping trips to especially beverages, and flavorings are all
China now patentable
 Majority of those who go do buy  The Chinese Patent Law,
copied products enacted in 1993, for Traditional
Medical Knowledge protection.
 Some Chinese own products are
seen E.g

13. However, does it work?
Sweden China
Limitations: Limitations:
 Downloading  China’s reliance on
 Works in the white market administrative
 Black Market  X Criminal measures
• Private persons  Corruption
• Organized criminal groups
 Limited training to
 Lack resources enforcement officials
 Penalties  Lack of Public Education
 Public Education Present

14. IKEA
 In China since 1998
 11 Furniture in Kunming
 Copied the whole experience of IKEA
 How to protect against this?
…luckily, they did not even try to copy…

15. The Swedish Meatballs

16. References
 http://wraltechwire.com/business/tech_wire/opinion/story/277
6264/
 http://www.sipo.gov.cn/zcfg/
 http://www.mac.doc.gov/china/docs/businessguides/intellectua
lpropertyrights.htm
 http://www.slu.se/en/collaborative-centres-and-projects/slu-
holding/for-researchers/protection-of-inventions/
 http://awapatent.com/?id=11479
 http://www.e24.se/business/falsk-ikea-hittad-i-kinesisk-
stad_2965846.e24
 http://www.prv.se/In-English/

17. Questions
 Why does the Chinese authorities fail to impliment
the laws restricting the copying of products – is it a
question of the mindset or the size of the population
that complicates the issue most?
 Do you think that protection IPR is a medium of
boosting creativity or instead rather working in the
opposite direction?