Download to read offline
Uploaded by'Mariviel Leyva
Polnat10.bb(1)
This document discusses different types of nationalism and theories about the origins and growth of nationalism. It describes three types of nationalism - state nationalism which seeks to homogenize a nation within existing political borders; colonial nationalism which is focused on separating from a colonial power; and separatist nationalism within peripheral regions. Theories presented include those that view nations as modern constructs tied to industrialization and print culture, as well as theories that see nations having primordial or ancient roots. The document also examines debates around whether nations are defined by common ethnicity or civic political identity.
More Related Content
Polnat10.bb(1)
- 1. POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10.EXPLAINING NATIONALISM POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 2. OUTLINE •Re-Cap: nationalist mobilisation •Birthof nationalism •Growth of nationalism •Victory of nationalism / establishment of statehood POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 3. Nationalisms 1. State nationalism- integrationist nationalism •From state – metropolitan power •Seeks to homogenize the nation: integration, assimilation •Seeks fit of physical borders with cultural content •May conflict with periphery •May conflict with neighbouring state (irredentism) 2. Colonial nationalism – Separatist nationalism •Separation from colonial power •State building •Elites remain colons •Domination over indigenous population •Conflict with metropolitan power •Conflict with indigenous population POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 4. Nationalisms 3. Separatist nationalism •Peripheralnationalism •Anti-colonial nationalism •What to do with the colons/ creoles •How to define national identity? •Language / religion / birth / others… •May lead to local conflicts POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 5. COMMON FEATURES NATIONALIST ACTORS: •Three identifiable in principle: –Metropolitan power (remote: e.g. imperial capital in Europe; or adjacent: capital of local state) –Regional centre (economically, socially and politically privileged; “high” culture) –Regional periphery (economically, socially and politically marginal; separate culture) POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 6. COMMON FEATURES NATIONALIST ACTORS: •Variable significance of three actors: –Metropolitan power encounters very little opposition (integrationist nationalism) –Regional centre the major victor, but two other actors relevant (colonial nationalism) –Regional periphery the victor, but two other actors relevant (separatist nationalism) POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 7. COMMON FEATURES EXAMPLE: SMALLEREUROPEAN NATIONS: 19th c. Estonia Nobility (German) alliance Townsfolk (German) Peasants (Estonian) conflict conflict POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM Metropole (Russia)
- 8. COMMON FEATURES EXAMPLE: LATINAMERICA Spaniards Creoles Mestizos alliance conflict conflicts Indians, Blacks POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM Metropole (Spain)
- 9. COMMON FEATURES NATIONALIST PROGRAMME: •Nation as an entity whose distinctiveness is to be preserved, and whose mission to humanity is to be promoted • Nation as a community with a shared past, perhaps with a common descent and racial background, and with a homeland of its own • Political ambition to secure the unity of the nation in relation to potentially disruptive forces within its own borders, and to establish its independence in relation to external rivals. POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 10. OUTLINE cultural / territorial distinctiveness A0 A1 cultural assimilation cultural differentiation B0 geopolitical context Birth B1 political absorption political mobilisation C0 continuing territorialdemands Growth C1 territorial unification / separation Victory POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 11. BIRTH OF NATIONALISM THEORIESOF ORIGINS OF NATION (SMITH): •Primordialism: primeval ties •Perennialism: long life-span •Ethno-symbolism: rediscovery of past myths/symbols •Modernism: nation a modern phenomenon •Post-modernism: new form of shifting, fragmented identity POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 12. BIRTH OF NATIONALISM “MODERNIST”THEORIES •Wimmer: Uniting diverse groups under common umbrella identity, a ‘cultural compromise’ between separate groups which foregrounds this level of (national, state-centred) solidarity •Bauer: marxist approach (internationalism and the national question?, urbanisation -> identity change/affirmation) •Hroch: three stages (A, B, C) •Gellner: industrial society •Anderson: print capitalism’, to create new ‘imagined community’ POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 13. Class evolution rural Modernity urban labourers lower classes workersand middle classes Slow and few assimilation Fast and many identity mobilisation POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 14. GROWTH OF NATIONALISM ETHNICv. CIVIC NATIONS? • Commonly referred to as the “Kohn dichotomy” after Hans Kohn (1944) • In fact, nineteenth-century roots • Has strong normative connotations (not just German v. French, “eastern” v. “western”, exclusive v. inclusive, but “bad” v. “good”) • Better seen as referring to ideal types POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 15. GROWTH OF NATIONALISM ETHNICv. CIVIC NATIONS? • “Ethnic” nation: Herder, Fichte; nation an entity in which membership is inherited, e.g. blood, language • “Civic” nation: Rousseau, Renan; nation an entity in which membership is voluntary, “daily plebiscite” • Can we separate the two that clearly? Could we have elements of each type in all national ideologies? Are there regional variations? POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 16. CIVIC VS ETHNICNATIONALISM POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM
- 17. THE END … NEXT:THE POLITICS OF NATIONALISM POLITICS OF NATIONALISM 10. EXPLAINING NATIONALISM