The document discusses the concept of polity as a political entity and outlines the definition and importance of a constitution, particularly the Constitution of India, which serves as the supreme law of the country. It details the three branches of government: the legislature, executive, and judiciary, and explains the differences between unitary and federal governments, as well as the distinctions between parliamentary and presidential systems of governance. Overall, it provides an overview of governmental structures and the role of a constitution in organizing society and distributing power.

1. Polity & society
Submitted to:-
Dr. kul Prakash sir
Submitted by:-
Mahin khan

2. What is polity?
A polity is an identifiable political entity – a group of people
with a collective identity, who are organized by some form
of institutionalized social relations, and have a capacity to
mobilize resources.A polity can be any other group of people
organized for governance (such as a corporate board), the
government of a country, or of a country subdivision. A polity
may be a republic administered by an elected representative,
or the realm of a hereditary monarch.

3. Concept of constitution
What is constitution?
A constitution is primarily a set of rules and principles specifying how
a country should be governed, how power is distributed and
controlled, and what rights citizens possess.
Constitution of India
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document
lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political
code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government
institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and
the duties of citizens. It is the longest written national constitution in
the world.

5. Organs of government
There are three organs of government
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary

6. Legislature
legislature of the Union, which is called Parliament,
consists of the President and two Houses, known
as ch House has to meet within six months of its
previous Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and House
of the People (Lok Sabha). Easitting. A joint sitting of
two Houses can be held in certain cases.

7. Executive
The executive is the branch of government
responsible for the implementation of laws and
policies adopted by the legislature. The
executive is often involved in the framing of
policy. The official designations of the
executive vary from country to country.

8. Judiciary
The judiciary is that branch of the government
that interprets the law, settles disputes and
administers justice to all citizens. The judiciary
is considered the watchdog of democracy,
and also the guardian of the Constitution.

10. Unitary
government
vs
Federal
government

11. Difference between unitary and federal
form of government
Unitary
Unitary government is a
kind of government
system in which a single
power, which is known as
the central government,
controls the whole
government. In fact, all
powers and
administrative divisions
authorities lies at the
central place.
Federal
Federal government is a
type of national
government in which
government have powers
to delegates the power to
other elected member of
the states It is totally
opposite to the unitary
government.

13. Parliamentary government
A Parliamentary government is a democratic
administration in which the government is
formed by the political party that obtains the
most seats in the legislature or Parliament
during the federal election.
The term “ Parliamentary government” refers
to the fact that the Parliament has all the
authority.

14. In contrast, the leader of the government under a Parliamentary
system is elected from the Parliament and is frequently one of
the most senior members or ministers in Parliament, which is
where the name “ Prime Minister” comes from. In a
Parliamentary system, the country usually has a Head of State
who serves as a ceremonial figure, similar to the Queen, but does
not engage in legislation or politics.

15. Presidential government
A presidential system, also known as a single
executive system, is a form of government in which
the president heads an executive branch that is
independent of the legislative branch. A presidential
system is one in which the head of state is also the
head of government, and the executive branch is
independent of the legislative branch.
The United States, for example, is governed by a
presidential system.

16. In presidential nations, the president is elected and is not
accountable to the legislature, which cannot oust the president
under normal circumstances. However, in rare situations,
such dismissal is feasible, usually by impeachment.
A presidential system differs from a parliamentary system, in
which the leader of the government is elected by an elected
legislature

17. THANK
YOU