This document provides an overview of the political history of South Asia. It discusses several key periods and empires: - The Indus River Civilization from 2300-1750 BCE, which had advanced urban planning, sanitation systems, and agriculture. - The Aryan Empire from 1500-1000 BCE that introduced the caste system and Vedic scriptures. - The Mauryan Empire founded in 320 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya and expanded by Emperor Ashoka, unifying most of South Asia. - The Gupta Empire from 320-550 CE that was a period of advancement in science, mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art. - The Mughal Empire

1. Political History of
South Asia

2. PRESENTATION
SUBMITTED BY
Ariful Islam and Alauddin Rafiq
Department of Political Science
Jagannath University, Dhaka

3. PRESENTATION
SUBMITTED TO
Dipak Kumar Biswas
Lecturer
Department of Political
Science
Jagannath University,
Dhaka

4. Location of South Asia

5. Country Afghanistan.Bangladesh.Bhutan.India.Nepal.Maldives.Pakistan.
Sri Lanka.
Population 1.749 billion (24% of the world's population)(2015)
Religion About 80% of Indians and Nepalis are Hindus, Islam is the
predominant religion of Afghanistan and Maldives
(99%),Pakistan (96%) and Bangladesh (90%).
Territory South Asia covers about 5.1 million km²,which is 11.51% of the
Asian continent or 3.4% of the world.
South Asia

6. Resources
of South
Asia
Natural
Gas
Oil
Tobacco
Timber
Coal
Fish
Water
Forests

7. Country Founder of the Nation
Afghanistan Ahmad Shah Durrani
Pakistan Muhammad Ali Zinnah
India Mahatma Gandhi
Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Nepal Prithvi Narayan Shah
Bhutan Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal
Maldives Ibrahim Nasir
Srilanka D.S Senanayake

8. Country Government System
Afghanistan Unitary Presidential Islamic Republic
Pakistan Federal Parliamentary
India Federal Parliamentary
Bangladesh Unitary Parliamentary
Nepal Federal parliamentary
Bhutan Unitary Parliamentary
Maldives Unitary Presidential
Srilanka Unitary Presidential
Political system

9.  Diversity in Culture
 Diversity in Political system
 Diversity in Religion
 Natural resource
 Geographical Landscape
 Nuclear Hosted Country
 Two Rival Country
Unique Characteristics of South Asia

10. South Asian Role in Global stage
 Peace Keeping
mission
 Export labor
Migration
 High trademark for
Investors

11. Location
Major cities
Organized
Over one thousand other towns
and villages also exist there.
Discover
Indus River Civilization (2300-1750 BCE)

12. • Infrastructure
• Lifestyle
• Art and Culture
• Political Ideology
Indus River Civilization (2300-1750 BCE)

13. Scientific Infrastructure
Modern Urbanization

14. Sanitation System

15. • Hairstyle, Necklace, Armlet, Anklet, Bracelet , Sophisticated
method, metal blending, Casting, Dancing, Music, higher
Culture ( John Marshall, Mohenjo-daro and the Indus Civilization, 1931, p. 339)
4,500 years old
Art and
Culture

16. • The plough
• Dams and canals
• Water diversion schemes
• Rainfall harvesting
• Food were indigenous
Agriculture System

17. Political Ideology
Federal form of Government
Indus Valley was a monarchy
The religion was the basis for their government.
The rulers governed through trade and religion, instead
of military strength.
Kings and rulers in this civilization were upper class and
the people of the Indus Valley liked and followed them.

18. Aryan Empire (1500-1000BCE)
Migration into northwest India of nomadic herding
tribes from Iran.
Oral religious traditions preserved in Vedas, oldest of
which, the Rig Veda, predates migration
Aryans believed in orderly society divided into
• varnas-or
• social classes
Origin

19. Aryan Empire (1500-1000BCE)
o Cast System
o Religion
o Language
o Technology
o Culture
Contributions

20. Aryan Empire (1500-1000BCE)
Society
Cast System
Non-AryanAryan
• Brahmman
• Khatriya
• Vashaya
• Sudra
• Untouchable
Brahmman
Khatriya
Bhasya
Sudra

21. Religion
Religious Book
 The Rig Veda
 Sama Veda
 The Yajur Veda
 Atharva Veda

22. Language and Culture

23.  Origin
 trade flourished
 farming improved
 weights and measures were made standard
Mauryan Empire
 Great Emperor Asoka

24. Founded 320AD
Capital Pataliputra
Language Sanskrit, Prakit
Religion Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism
Government
system
Monarchy
Area 3,500,000 km²
Gupta Empire

25. Gupta Empire
Time Emperor
240-280AD Sri Gupta
319-335AD Chandragupta i
335-380AD Samudragupta
380-415AD Chandragupta ii
540-550AD Vishnu Gupta

26. Advancement
Gupta
Empire
Science
Trade
Literature
Art
Archi
techture
Law

27. Gupta Dynasty
Classical period
of India
Great ruler of the
Gupta Dynasty
Fall of the Gupta
Dynasty

28. Mughal Empire
Population 145,000,000
Religion Islam, Din-e-Ilahi
Area 4,000,000 km²
Government
System
Absolute monarchy with
federal structure

29. Time Emperor
1526-1530 Babur
1530-1556 Humayaun
1556-1605 Akber
1605-1626 Jahangir
1626-1658 Shahjahan
1658- 1707 Aurangazeb
Mughal Empire

30. Government System

31. Great Achievement

32. As early as the 1500’s Europeans had tired
to control parts of India
1600’s English presence began in India
East India Company
• British trading company
• At fist was small trading post
• British presence gradually grew
• Expanded territory and power
• By mid 1800’s controlled more than half
of India Early Empires
British Colonial Period 1700-1857

33. Trade to Politics
Colony
Trade
Politics

34. Result
• British victory
• End of the Mughal Empire
• End of company rule in india
• Transfer of rule to the British Crown
Starting
• Mangal Panday started his revolt in march
29,1857 as a first martyre
• Begum Hazrat Mahal Nana Sahib Bakht Khan
was commander- in-chief of Indian rebel
forces
• Delhi, Kanpur Lucknow Jhansi Gwalior,bareilly,
Arrah and Fazhiabad (centers of the revolt)
1857: Thirst for independence

35. Began from 1857
The bad
• Not treated as equals
• The British held all positions of
power
• Restricted Indian-owned
industries such as cotton
textiles.
• Racism against Indians in their
own land Loss of cultural
practices and language
British Empire (Direct Rule)
The good
• Ended slavery
• Schools and colleges were founded,
and literacy increased
• World’s third largest railroad
,modern road network telephone
and telegraph lines, dams, bridges,
and irrigation canals
• Sanitation and public health
improved.

36. Rise of Nationalists

37.  Gandhi –Led India’s struggle for independence against the British from
1915 to his death in –Advocated non-violent direct action which he
called Satyagraha, meaning “clinging to the truth.”
Satyagraha
• The Indian independence movement from British rule.
• Led by Mahatma Gandhi after the JallianwalaBagh Massacre.
• It aimed to resist British rule in India through nonviolent means.
Non-Cooperation Movement(1920)
Civil disobedience Movement(1930)
Started by Mahatma Gandhi
On 12 March to 6 April violate the salt law with the 79 satyagrahis
Foot march from Sabarmati to dandi

38. Road to independence

39. Partition of India 1947
Background
1933
• Origin and development of Pakistan movement
• Chaudhury Rahmat Ali
• Now or Never: Are We to Live or Perish Forever?
• PAKSTAN
1940
• Muhammad Ali Zinnah(Two Nation Theory)
• AK Fazlul Haque(Lahore Resolution)
• States State(August,Muslim League Conference)

40. Partition of India 1947
Background
1943
• Great Famine
• About 40 luck peoples died
• Inspiration for divided of
India
1946
• Direct Action Day (16 August
1946)

41. Partition of India 1947
Creation of India
East Bengal West Bengal

42. Rise of Internal Tension
• Migration
Problem
• Kashmir
Problem

43. 1971,16 December
Partition of Pakistan
• Bangladesh
• Pakistan

44. ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS?