Polinter07
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The document discusses the history and techniques of hacktivism as well as key hacktivist groups and their actions. It also covers the evolution of online political campaigning in the US and the increasing role of the internet in elections. Finally, it defines e-government and outlines the historical development of e-government initiatives in the US.
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Polinter07
The document discusses several topics related to politics and the internet, including:
1) How interest groups have adapted to the internet by using it to more efficiently communicate and organize supporters beyond just communication.
2) Hacktivism as a form of political action and examples like defacing websites and distributed denial of service attacks.
3) The impact of the internet on election campaigning, such as the Dean campaign's early use of Meetup.com and Daily Kos and differences between US and UK online campaigning.
4) Issues around online political interaction and vote trading websites, and conclusions about the internet's impact on voter apathy and empowerment.
Polinter07
This document discusses hackers, hacktivists, and the impact of the internet on politics. It defines hackers as people who write computer code and hacktivists as those who engage in nonviolent digital protests. Common hacktivist techniques include website defacing and denial of service attacks. The document also examines groups like the Yes Men who use identity deception for political purposes. Additionally, it outlines how the internet has influenced political campaigning, voter engagement, and the functions of government through e-government initiatives.
Political hacktivism
Political hacktivism involves using computer hacking for political activism and protest. It emerged as a way for grassroots political groups to have their voices heard. Hacktivists believe the public has a right to information about what political leaders actually stand for and what wrongs the government has committed. Examples of hacktivism include creating protest websites, cyber squatting on domain names, defacing websites, denial of service attacks, and site redirection. While hacktivism has the potential to promote positive social change, some of its illegal actions may restrict freedom and overstep ethical boundaries. For hacktivism to have bigger impacts, it is most effective when combined with on-the-ground political activism and protest.
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2) It has increased transparency of governments and institutions through tools like blogs, YouTube, WikiLeaks and Edward Snowden's leaks.
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Internet activism uses communication technologies like websites and email to organize people around issues like human rights and the environment in order to create social change. Hacktivism combines hacking and activism by using techniques like website defacements and denial of service attacks to disrupt services and draw attention to political or social causes in a nonviolent way. While activism and hacktivism can be effective in achieving goals, they also face criticisms like furthering divisions in society and potentially disrupting free speech.
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The document discusses several topics related to politics and the internet, including:
1) How interest groups have adapted to the internet by using it to more efficiently communicate and organize supporters beyond just communication.
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Political hacktivism involves using computer hacking for political activism and protest. It emerged as a way for grassroots political groups to have their voices heard. Hacktivists believe the public has a right to information about what political leaders actually stand for and what wrongs the government has committed. Examples of hacktivism include creating protest websites, cyber squatting on domain names, defacing websites, denial of service attacks, and site redirection. While hacktivism has the potential to promote positive social change, some of its illegal actions may restrict freedom and overstep ethical boundaries. For hacktivism to have bigger impacts, it is most effective when combined with on-the-ground political activism and protest.
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Internet activism uses communication technologies like websites and email to organize people around issues like human rights and the environment in order to create social change. Hacktivism combines hacking and activism by using techniques like website defacements and denial of service attacks to disrupt services and draw attention to political or social causes in a nonviolent way. While activism and hacktivism can be effective in achieving goals, they also face criticisms like furthering divisions in society and potentially disrupting free speech.
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Social media has significantly impacted politics by allowing for more direct communication between politicians and citizens. It has enabled new forms of political organization and activism online. While social media has increased political transparency and participation, it also introduces new challenges. Politicians must now operate in a context of constant public commentary online. Some argue this reduces opportunities for compromise and limits bold policy ideas. Overall, social media is changing how political discourse and campaigns are conducted, with platforms like Twitter and Google+ growing in importance. It remains unclear whether these changes will strengthen democracy or introduce new problems.
Political Institutions and Online campaigning
The document outlines Nick Anstead's research on explaining the discrepancy in how political institutions in the US and UK have impacted the adoption of the internet by political actors. It analyzes factors like the party system, primary elections, campaign financing laws, and cultural narratives that have led to more online success stories in US politics compared to the UK, where the internet has had little impact. Anstead proposes using an institutional approach and new institutionalism as an analytical framework to address this question.
Final Research Project
The document summarizes a study on the impact of social media platforms Twitter and Facebook on the 2015 UK General Election. It utilized a mixed-methods approach including an online survey of 52 participants and interviews. The survey found that most respondents were female, between 16-18 years old, and lived in urban areas of England. Qualitative interviews explored how and why social media may have influenced peoples' votes. The study aimed to understand if social media was a major factor in political campaigns and if any voting patterns emerged in relation to these platforms.
Group Political Communication In CMC
This document discusses the advantages and history of using computer-mediated communication (CMC) for political purposes. It outlines how CMC allows for easy and wide-ranging political communication, as well as new forms of civic engagement like online petitions and activism. However, it also notes challenges like the digital divide and risks of hacktivism and how terrorists use the Internet to spread propaganda.
Social Media and PoliticsLearning objectivesLearning objec.docx
Social Media and Politics
Learning objectives
Learning objectives include an understanding of the following:
· The role of social media in democracy
· The role of social media in advancing political reforms
· How social media create polarization
Introduction
Social Media are now a central component of democracy. The media are increasingly associated with political organizing, elections campaigns, accountability, and generally a more engaged citizenry. Social media are a dominant platform through which everyday citizens can share, organize, and communicate their ideas. People regularly use the media to acquire information about leaders and public policy related areas like the environment, education, health and so on. Many public offices now have websites that include social media functions in their communication with the public. Collectively, social media provide a public sphere where individuals can interact with likeminded people on political issues and provide criticism and support for leaders. However, while social media platforms make many issues accessible to increasingly large groups, the media have the potential to create polarization. Specifically, many blogs are quite subjective while some forms of media promote hatred and intolerance. Additionally, it is also difficult to examine the extent to which social media really alters public opinion as more research is needed. Lastly, questions remain on how much time users are prepared to devote their time on the social media for political problems.
Social Media and Elections
Popular social networks have transformed the use of the internet as a political tool for democratic transitions. Barack Obama’s historic in 2008 win was attributed to a new media strategy inspired by popular networks such as MySpace and Facebook. The campaign’s website My.BarackObama.com, allows supporters to join local groups, create events, sign up for updates and set up personal fund-raising pages. The campaign was spearheaded by Chris Hughes, a co-founder of Facebook. The social networks helped Obama raise more than two million donations of less than $200 each (Stelter, 2008). This success was based on huge investments on social media. The campaign spent $3 million on online advertising that targeted potential voters and online tools providing details of voting locations (Stelter, 2008).
Similarly, social media was extensively used in Canada’s 2011 elections. The elections were dubbed the “social media elections” or “election 2.0.” Harris (2011) observed that the social media served as “a one-stop shopping for parodies, speech remixes, gotcha moments, unconventional ads, and attacks so fiery, they risk scorching your computer monitor.” Two "vote mob" videos simultaneously held spots in the Top 10 on YouTube. A satirical video juxtaposing a Harper speech with an address by Star Wars' evil Emperor Palpatine drew more than 114,000. The University of Guelph's "vote mob" videos were viewed more than 33,000 .
Outhwaite turner chp44_final (1)
This document discusses how social media has influenced politics. It begins by exploring how the networked nature of the internet facilitated new forms of political engagement. The advent of social media further enhanced this by increasing circulation of information and political knowledge, which can increase political participation. The document then provides evidence of social media's influence on politics by looking at how circulation of information is key in political campaigns, mobilizing social movements, and among political actors and practices. It analyzes how social media has become an important channel for political groups and citizens to share information and viewpoints.
Hsci538 ppt
This document provides guidance on creating an effective online strategy for community organizing and advocacy using social media. It discusses understanding social media and identifying objectives, audiences, and key messages. Popular social media tools are categorized as conversation starters, collaboration tools, and social networks. Steps for developing an online strategy include identifying objectives and audiences, crafting messages, and evaluating impact. Guidance is provided on engaging target audiences, conducting online surveys, and selecting appropriate metrics to measure success.
Introduction to Social Media
The document discusses how Barack Obama successfully leveraged social media in his 2008 presidential campaign. It describes how his campaign used platforms like YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter to share its message, organize supporters, fundraise, and ultimately engage more voters than previous campaigns. The use of new media helped Obama connect directly with constituents, lower costs, and empower grassroots supporters to take ownership over the campaign. This level of online participation and continual engagement after the election represented a significant change from previous top-down campaign models.
Polinter06
This document discusses how interest groups and social movements use the internet for political organization and campaigning. It covers traditional interest groups that have adapted their methods to incorporate more online tools, as well as new forms of mobilization and direct action that are internet-based. Examples are given of both large established interest groups and newer social movements that have utilized the internet for fundraising, organizing petitions and events, and spreading their messages online.
Party Structure and the Development Of Online Campaigning: The US and UK in C...
The document discusses how differences in political party structures between Britain and America have influenced the development of online electoral campaigning. It outlines characteristics of British and American parties, with British parties having formal membership and internal democratic structures, while American parties have no formal membership and weak central organization. It argues that the candidate-focused model of internal democracy used by American parties, manifested through primaries, has allowed the internet to facilitate information transfer between participants, making online campaigning more successful in the US.
The effects of social networks as a public relations tool in political commun...
The document summarizes a study that examined how political parties in Turkey use social networks as a public relations tool during political campaigns. It describes the study's methodology, which included examining online traffic, interviewing party representatives, and conducting a web-based survey. The study found that political parties mainly used websites and social media to promote their positions rather than provide information. It also found correlations between social media use and its influence on political decisions and campaigns.
The Political Power of Social Media Technology, the Publ.docx
This document summarizes Clay Shirky's article "The Political Power of Social Media" which examines how social media has enabled political change by facilitating coordination and collective action. The article discusses examples where social media helped topple governments, such as in the Philippines in 2001, but also cases where it failed to spark change, such as in Belarus in 2006. Overall, the article argues that social media strengthens civil society and public spheres over the long run, rather than immediately enabling political change. It cautions against US policy that aims to directly influence other countries' politics through social media.
Science and society
Technology plays an important role in modern politics in several ways:
1) More information is readily available to voters through political party websites and social media, allowing parties to disseminate information and keep voters updated.
2) Targeted digital campaigns allow parties to target specific audiences through personalized emails, ads, and content to attract supporters and convince undecided voters.
3) New technology issues arise constantly that politicians must address to maintain security and public trust.
4) Social media and direct online engagement allows politicians to directly communicate with and influence voters.
Social Media and Politics
Social Media Trend Report - Social Media and Politics for MKTG 7546 Reviewing the way elections and politicians interact with social media.
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Social Media and PoliticsLearning objectivesLearning objec.docx
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Talk delivered at a seminar in the ISchool at UC Berkeley on November 17 about the history and politics of the Internet.
Essays on the History and Politics of the.pptx
The document highlights several key individuals who contributed to the development of the internet including Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn who developed TCP/IP, Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau who created HTML and the World Wide Web, Robert Metcalfe who developed Ethernet, and Mark Andreessen who created the Mosaic web browser. It also mentions Vic Hayes' contribution to WiFi and notes Albert Gore and John Perry Barlow but does not specify their contributions to internet development.
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This document defines and discusses the rise of right-wing populism in Europe and the United States. It outlines key elements of right-wing populism including emphasizing sovereignty of the people, advocating for ordinary citizens, attacking elites, ostracizing outsiders, and invoking traditional regions. Several prominent European right-wing populist party leaders are profiled, and factors explained for the rise of populism like slow economic growth, anti-globalization sentiments, and the refugee crisis. The document concludes that supporters of European right-wing populist parties are largely anti-immigration and anti-EU, and that continued economic struggles could exacerbate the movement's challenges to democracy.
The European Union: Challenges and Opportunities
The European Union faces several challenges, including sluggish economic growth, high youth unemployment, and the Eurozone debt crisis. The adoption of austerity policies to address budget shortfalls have slowed growth and increased unemployment in some countries. Rising populism and nationalism have increased opposition to EU policies and threatened the stability of the bloc. Events like the Greek debt crisis, Brexit referendum, and the migration crisis have further divided member states and weakened the EU. How the EU addresses these issues will impact its future as both an economic and political union.
Techinnovation
This document summarizes technological innovation in the age of the Internet. It discusses the exponential growth of Internet hosts and users since 1981. It describes how the Internet has lowered barriers for forming groups and collaborating across distances. Many human activities have migrated online, blurring regulatory boundaries between technologies and industries. While a few large companies like Google and Facebook dominate certain markets, smaller innovative firms can still thrive if they remain nimble. The document outlines several policies that impact technological innovation, such as antitrust laws, net neutrality regulations, infrastructure subsidies, and intellectual property regimes. It also notes some transatlantic issues between the US and Europe regarding these topics.
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The document discusses the origins and evolution of the net neutrality debate in the United States. It outlines key events and perspectives from both supporters and opponents of net neutrality. These include the initial coining of the term in 2002, various FCC rulings and policy statements, lobbying efforts, and legal challenges around issues like the Comcast throttling case and FCC regulations. The debate remains ongoing with shifting positions of government agencies and industry groups.
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Isa12a
1) The PROTECT IP Act (PIPA) and Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) aimed to curb online piracy but faced strong opposition.
2) Internet companies mobilized users against the bills through website blackouts and petitions, convincing many in Congress the bills could damage the internet.
3) With bipartisan support eroding, both bills were shelved in January 2012 due to concerns they could undermine free speech, national security, and internet stability.
Ipe21
The document summarizes major global economic changes since 1989, including the end of the Cold War, increased globalization, financial crises, and the rise of China and India. It discusses issues related to the future of the Eurozone, austerity measures, and growing economic volatility. Finally, it briefly profiles several thinkers who have studied topics like globalization, poverty, property rights, and international governance.
Polinter12
This document discusses key questions around how the internet has impacted media concentration and power dynamics. It examines the extent to which online media has replicated traditional patterns of ownership concentration in print and broadcast. It also looks at how the internet has changed news production and distribution. Additionally, it explores the effects of file sharing, open-source software, and intellectual property disputes. The document then analyzes different definitions of power and how information and communication technologies have impacted capabilities-based power, relational power, structural power, and meta power.
Polinter11
This document contains summaries of several topics related to politics and control of the internet. It discusses protests in Poland against the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), China's structure for controlling internet access, a correlation between internet users and press freedom in China, concerns about how the internet may impact diversity of political views and comparisons to traditional media, types of user-generated content on the internet, and questions about how certain groups may be helped or hurt by an open internet model.
Ipe19
Economic globalization involves the integration of markets for goods, services, and factors of production across national borders. It has increased the importance of international supply chains. ICTs like the internet have reduced the costs of coordinating activities globally, similar to past infrastructure innovations. National governments employ various coping strategies to deal with globalization, such as promoting inward investment, workforce skills development, and R&D spending.
Ipe20
This document summarizes several criticisms of corporate capitalism, including too much power, insufficient public oversight, and short-term profit orientation. It also discusses concerns about corporate agriculture practices like monoculture farming and factory farms. The document then profiles several authors who have written critically about the food system, like Michael Pollan and Ruth Ozeki, and discusses the Slow Food movement. It also examines issues around intellectual property and bioprospecting as it relates to genetic resources and indigenous communities.
Ipe18
This document discusses technology and economic growth. It examines why some countries innovate and lead technological revolutions while others do not. Specifically, it analyzes how and why the US led the Fordist and ICT revolutions. The document also considers what may be the next major technological innovation and which country could take the lead. Finally, it reviews theories of economic growth and compares GDP and high-tech industries of various nations over time to understand patterns of leadership and decline.
Isa12b
Jeffrey A. Hart from Indiana University presented a paper at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association in San Diego, California in April 2012. The paper discussed how different international relations theories like realism, liberal institutionalism, and constructivism approach issues related to information and communication technologies (ICTs) and cybersecurity. It argued that theories need to better account for how ICTs impact the diffusion of information, empower non-state actors, and potentially transform power structures and identities. The paper also examined questions around how ICTs influence globalization processes and production networks.
Ipe17
The document discusses the challenges of transitioning to a green economy including obstacles related to ideas, implementation, politics, and international cooperation. It notes the negative externalities of fossil fuel consumption and analyzes potential solutions like a green new deal as well as debates around climate science and pricing carbon. Implementation problems, varying public support across countries, and challenges of past international agreements on climate change are also summarized.
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The document discusses the history of net neutrality in the United States. It describes how (1) the issue first emerged in 2002; (2) supporters argued the open internet must be preserved while opponents said regulation was unnecessary; and (3) the policy debate continued through the 2000s with various laws and court rulings affecting the FCC's ability to enforce net neutrality principles.
Ipe16
The document discusses several topics related to globalization and a "flat world" including: America needing to produce knowledge workers to succeed; other countries racing to the top not the bottom; potential "races to the bottom" in areas like taxes and regulations; shortages of scientists and engineers in the US; the potential of green energy technology; criticisms of corporate capitalism; and examples of pro- and anti-corporate websites focused on large brands like McDonald's, Starbucks, and Nike.
Ipe15
The document summarizes the various groups that make up the anti-globalization movement, including organized labor, environmental groups, feminists, indigenous peoples, and anarchists. It discusses why each of these groups opposes aspects of economic globalization, such as fears over loss of jobs and wages for labor groups, concerns about the environment and indigenous groups' resources, and a belief that globalization supports patriarchal politics. Large anti-globalization demonstrations have taken place at forums like G8 summits and WTO meetings.
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For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
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