Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c enhances the use of server pools by introducing server attributes e.g. memory, CPU_count etc. which can be associated with each server. Server pools can be configured so that their members belong to a category of servers, which share a particular set of attributes. Moreover, administrators can maintain a library of policies and switch between them as required rather than manually reallocating servers to various server pools based on workload. This paper discusses in detail the new features of policy based cluster management in 12c.
Oracle RAC 12c and Policy-Managed Databases, a Technical OverviewLudovico Caldara
Oracle RAC Policy-Managed Database (PMD) is a powerful but so far rarely used feature introduced in Oracle Database 11g
Release 2 to automate the instance administration in a dynamic, multi-node cluster.
The aim of this presentation is to review how PMD works, how to implement and administer it successfully, and how to
benefit from this technology compared to the traditional administrator-managed deployment. During the session, the new
features of the 12c Grid Infrastructure related to PMD are highlighted.
RACAttack 12c Advanced Lab: Server Pools and Policy-managed databasesLudovico Caldara
RACAttack 12c pre-conference workshop at IOUG Collaborate 14 will have a few advanced labs for people already confident with a simple RAC installation. This advanced lab handbook introduces server pools and policy managed databases to your Oracle RAC 12c implementation!
Boost your Oracle RAC manageability with Policy-Managed DatabasesLudovico Caldara
Oracle RAC Policy-Managed Database (PMD) is a powerful but so far rarely used feature introduced in Oracle Database 11g
Release 2 to automate the instance administration in a dynamic, multi-node cluster.
The aim of this presentation is to review how PMD works, how to implement and administer it successfully, and how to
benefit from this technology compared to the traditional administrator-managed deployment.
These slides are from the session I've done at Collaborate14, but re-branded with my company's template.
ORACLE 12C DATA GUARD: FAR SYNC, REAL-TIME CASCADE STANDBY AND OTHER GOODIESLudovico Caldara
The new release of Oracle Database has come with many new exciting enhancements for the High Availability.
This whitepaper introduces some new Data Guard features. Among various enhancements, special attention will be given to
the new Far Sync Instance and the Real-Time Cascade Standby.
Oracle Active Data Guard 12c: Far Sync Instance, Real-Time Cascade and Other ...Ludovico Caldara
Slides used for my Oracle Open World 2014 #OOW14 session.
The new release of Oracle Database has come with many new exciting enhancements for high availability. The aim of this presentation is to introduce some new Oracle Active Data Guard features through practical examples and live demos. Among the various enhancements, the new Far Sync Instance and Real-Time Cascade Standby features receive special attention in the session.
Oracle RAC 12c and Policy-Managed Databases, a Technical OverviewLudovico Caldara
Oracle RAC Policy-Managed Database (PMD) is a powerful but so far rarely used feature introduced in Oracle Database 11g
Release 2 to automate the instance administration in a dynamic, multi-node cluster.
The aim of this presentation is to review how PMD works, how to implement and administer it successfully, and how to
benefit from this technology compared to the traditional administrator-managed deployment. During the session, the new
features of the 12c Grid Infrastructure related to PMD are highlighted.
RACAttack 12c Advanced Lab: Server Pools and Policy-managed databasesLudovico Caldara
RACAttack 12c pre-conference workshop at IOUG Collaborate 14 will have a few advanced labs for people already confident with a simple RAC installation. This advanced lab handbook introduces server pools and policy managed databases to your Oracle RAC 12c implementation!
Boost your Oracle RAC manageability with Policy-Managed DatabasesLudovico Caldara
Oracle RAC Policy-Managed Database (PMD) is a powerful but so far rarely used feature introduced in Oracle Database 11g
Release 2 to automate the instance administration in a dynamic, multi-node cluster.
The aim of this presentation is to review how PMD works, how to implement and administer it successfully, and how to
benefit from this technology compared to the traditional administrator-managed deployment.
These slides are from the session I've done at Collaborate14, but re-branded with my company's template.
ORACLE 12C DATA GUARD: FAR SYNC, REAL-TIME CASCADE STANDBY AND OTHER GOODIESLudovico Caldara
The new release of Oracle Database has come with many new exciting enhancements for the High Availability.
This whitepaper introduces some new Data Guard features. Among various enhancements, special attention will be given to
the new Far Sync Instance and the Real-Time Cascade Standby.
Oracle Active Data Guard 12c: Far Sync Instance, Real-Time Cascade and Other ...Ludovico Caldara
Slides used for my Oracle Open World 2014 #OOW14 session.
The new release of Oracle Database has come with many new exciting enhancements for high availability. The aim of this presentation is to introduce some new Oracle Active Data Guard features through practical examples and live demos. Among the various enhancements, the new Far Sync Instance and Real-Time Cascade Standby features receive special attention in the session.
Oracle ACFS 12c now supports Oracle Database files. Which new opportunities can come out from this combination?
In this session you will discover the new features of ACFS 12c that are useful when deploying Oracle Databases. You will then learn how to use them through examples and live demos.
Attendees in this session will enhance their skills and job relevancy by gaining new knowledge and skills using the Oracle Public Cloud within their job role through actual use cases .
Will detail how backup to the cloud can be used to meet different needs of their organization and how to justify use of new technology within their business. Learn how to create a storage container, setup OS secure authentication and configure RMAN to use the Oracle Cloud. Perform a backup to the Oracle Cloud and recover from it back to your on-premise server. Learn how to migrate from an on-premise Oracle Database 12c to a pluggable Oracle Database 12c (PDB) in the Oracle Cloud. Then move a PDB in which Developers have completed their work in the Oracle Cloud back on-premise and into production
Migrating to Oracle Database 12c: 300 DBs in 300 days.Ludovico Caldara
For a customer in Switzerland, we are in process of migrating 400 databases to 12c. We have migrated 300 so far, and we have had good and bad surprises. This session will show a few scenarios that we faced during the upgrade project.
“A new multitenant architecture that easily deploy and manage database clouds. Innovations such as Oracle Multitenant for consolidating multiple databases, Automatic Data Optimization for compressing and tiering data at a higher density also maximize resource efficiency and flexibility. These unique advancements, combined with major enhancements in availability, security, and big data support, ideal platform for private and public cloud deployments.”
SQL Server Reporting Services Disaster Recovery WebinarDenny Lee
This is the PASS DW/BI Webinar for SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) Disaster Recovery webinar. You can find the video at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfT9ETyLRlA
Zero Downtime Schema Changes - Galera Cluster - Best PracticesSeveralnines
Database schema changes are usually not popular among DBAs or sysadmins, not when you are operating a cluster and cannot afford to switch off the service during a maintenance window. There are different ways to perform schema changes, some procedures being more complicated than others.
Galera Cluster is great at making your MySQL database highly available, but are you concerned about schema changes? Is an ALTER TABLE statement something that requires a lot of advance scheduling? What is the impact on your database uptime?
This is a common question, since ALTER operations in MySQL usually cause the table to be locked and rebuilt – which can potentially be disruptive to your live applications. Fortunately, Galera Cluster has mechanisms to replicate DDL across its nodes.
In these slides, you will learn about the following:
How to perform Zero Downtime Schema Changes
2 main methods: TOI and RSU
Total Order Isolation: predictability and consistency
Rolling Schema Upgrades
pt-online-schema-change
Schema synchronization with re-joining nodes
Recommended procedures
Common pitfalls/user errors
The slides are courtesy of Seppo Jaakola, CEO, Codership - creators of Galera Cluster
Oracle supports cloning and users can easily clone existing Oracle installations. But you need to understand why cloning is useful.
This presentation covers following Topics.
When cloning useful
Different methods of Cloning
How to perform Cloning
Summary
Q&A
Nabil Nawaz Oracle Oracle 12c Data Guard Deep Dive PresentationNabil Nawaz
Oracle Data Guard Deep Dive
Ensuring your business continuity for critical production databases is of paramount importance. Oracle Data Guard offers high available synchronization and reporting of your primary database. Oracle Data Guard is the most comprehensive solution available to eliminate single points of failure for mission critical Oracle Databases. It prevents data loss and downtime in the simplest and most economical manner by maintaining a synchronized physical replica of a production database at a remote location. If the production database is unavailable for any reason, client connections can quickly, and in some configurations transparently, fail-over to the synchronized replica to restore service. We will go through explaining Data Guard concepts, several new features in 12c such as Far/Fast sync, learn about Data Guard single instance and RAC setup step-by-step, configuration, broker setup and monitoring. This presentation will be very useful for someone who wants to take a deep dive into Data Guard or even refresh their skills.
Oracle ACFS 12c now supports Oracle Database files. Which new opportunities can come out from this combination?
In this session you will discover the new features of ACFS 12c that are useful when deploying Oracle Databases. You will then learn how to use them through examples and live demos.
Attendees in this session will enhance their skills and job relevancy by gaining new knowledge and skills using the Oracle Public Cloud within their job role through actual use cases .
Will detail how backup to the cloud can be used to meet different needs of their organization and how to justify use of new technology within their business. Learn how to create a storage container, setup OS secure authentication and configure RMAN to use the Oracle Cloud. Perform a backup to the Oracle Cloud and recover from it back to your on-premise server. Learn how to migrate from an on-premise Oracle Database 12c to a pluggable Oracle Database 12c (PDB) in the Oracle Cloud. Then move a PDB in which Developers have completed their work in the Oracle Cloud back on-premise and into production
Migrating to Oracle Database 12c: 300 DBs in 300 days.Ludovico Caldara
For a customer in Switzerland, we are in process of migrating 400 databases to 12c. We have migrated 300 so far, and we have had good and bad surprises. This session will show a few scenarios that we faced during the upgrade project.
“A new multitenant architecture that easily deploy and manage database clouds. Innovations such as Oracle Multitenant for consolidating multiple databases, Automatic Data Optimization for compressing and tiering data at a higher density also maximize resource efficiency and flexibility. These unique advancements, combined with major enhancements in availability, security, and big data support, ideal platform for private and public cloud deployments.”
SQL Server Reporting Services Disaster Recovery WebinarDenny Lee
This is the PASS DW/BI Webinar for SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) Disaster Recovery webinar. You can find the video at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfT9ETyLRlA
Zero Downtime Schema Changes - Galera Cluster - Best PracticesSeveralnines
Database schema changes are usually not popular among DBAs or sysadmins, not when you are operating a cluster and cannot afford to switch off the service during a maintenance window. There are different ways to perform schema changes, some procedures being more complicated than others.
Galera Cluster is great at making your MySQL database highly available, but are you concerned about schema changes? Is an ALTER TABLE statement something that requires a lot of advance scheduling? What is the impact on your database uptime?
This is a common question, since ALTER operations in MySQL usually cause the table to be locked and rebuilt – which can potentially be disruptive to your live applications. Fortunately, Galera Cluster has mechanisms to replicate DDL across its nodes.
In these slides, you will learn about the following:
How to perform Zero Downtime Schema Changes
2 main methods: TOI and RSU
Total Order Isolation: predictability and consistency
Rolling Schema Upgrades
pt-online-schema-change
Schema synchronization with re-joining nodes
Recommended procedures
Common pitfalls/user errors
The slides are courtesy of Seppo Jaakola, CEO, Codership - creators of Galera Cluster
Oracle supports cloning and users can easily clone existing Oracle installations. But you need to understand why cloning is useful.
This presentation covers following Topics.
When cloning useful
Different methods of Cloning
How to perform Cloning
Summary
Q&A
Nabil Nawaz Oracle Oracle 12c Data Guard Deep Dive PresentationNabil Nawaz
Oracle Data Guard Deep Dive
Ensuring your business continuity for critical production databases is of paramount importance. Oracle Data Guard offers high available synchronization and reporting of your primary database. Oracle Data Guard is the most comprehensive solution available to eliminate single points of failure for mission critical Oracle Databases. It prevents data loss and downtime in the simplest and most economical manner by maintaining a synchronized physical replica of a production database at a remote location. If the production database is unavailable for any reason, client connections can quickly, and in some configurations transparently, fail-over to the synchronized replica to restore service. We will go through explaining Data Guard concepts, several new features in 12c such as Far/Fast sync, learn about Data Guard single instance and RAC setup step-by-step, configuration, broker setup and monitoring. This presentation will be very useful for someone who wants to take a deep dive into Data Guard or even refresh their skills.
A presentation about new features and enhancements related to indexes and indexing in Oracle 12c.
See also the related post: http://db-oriented.com/2015/07/03/indexes-and-indexing-in-oracle-12c
In-depth overview of Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) 12c Release 2, which was first presented during UKOUG Tech16 under the title "Under the Hood of Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) 12c Release 2" and before Oracle Database 12c Release 2 became generally available (GA) in March 2017.
The aim of the query optimizer is not only to provide the SQL engine execution plans that describe how to process data but also, and more importantly, to provide efficient execution plans. Even though this central component of Oracle Database is enhanced with every new release, there are always cases where it generates suboptimal execution plans. The aim of this presentation is to describe and demonstrate how, with Adaptive Query Optimization, which is a set of features available as of Oracle Database 12c, the query optimizer is able to generate less suboptimal execution plans.
The Features That (maybe) You Didn't Know AboutOren Nakdimon
The Oracle database includes tons of features for developers, and because of that we sometimes miss some of them - good and useful features that many developers either don't know about them or assume they are not supported in their licensed edition or options. This session focuses on such features - introducing them, exploring them, showing when they are useful and how to use them.
This is an Oracle RAC 12c New Features Overview list used on the OOW13 Oracle RAC and QoS demo booth. It might be useful as a brief overview as to what is new in 12c RAC.
At OOW 2015 Oracle has released SOA Suite 12.2.1. This new release provides several interesting new features for developers such as end-to-end REST support, JavaScript support and an XSLT debugger. There are also several new features useful for the operations department such as Integration Workload Statistics, Circuit breaker, In-Memory SOA and WebLogic parallel deployments. In this presentation I will explain and demonstrate these new features and provide several use-cases were customers can greatly benefit by implementing them. This presentation is especially useful for developers, people in operations and architects to help them realize the benefits of implementing SOA Suite 12.2.1.
Despite the rumors of its demise, SharePoint On-Premises is still very much alive and kicking, and it is still critical to architect it for performance. During this session, we walk you through some of the highlights of the content that will be presented in the 'Ultimate SharePoint Infrastructure Best Practices' session that the speaker will present at the European SharePoint Conference in May. Topics discussed are SharePoint infrastructure security, database performance and optimization, server virtualization, and high availability.
Serverless on AWS : Understanding the hard parts at Froscon 2019Vadym Kazulkin
In unserem Vortrag tauchen wir tiefer in die Serverless-Welt ein und zeigen wie eine produktionsreife Serverless-Anwendung mithilfe von AWS-Cloud mit dem Technologie-Stack API Gateway, SNS, Lambda and DynamoDB aufgebaut werden kann. Dabei gehen wir auf die Herausforderungen der jeweiligen Services ein, wie "cold start" bei Lamda oder "provisioned throughput" und "adaptice capacity" bei DynamoDB. Dabei zeigen wir, welche Strategien und Wege es gibt, damit umzugehen. Außerdem behandeln wir solche Themen wie Implementierung von Aggregationslogik und (Scheduled) Auto Scaling bei DynamoDB. Am Ende werfen wir einen Blick in die Zukunft und sprechen über die erste relationale serverless Datenbank "Aurora Serverless"
Webinar slides: Our Guide to MySQL & MariaDB Performance TuningSeveralnines
If you’re asking yourself the following questions when it comes to optimally running your MySQL or MariaDB databases:
- How do I tune them to make best use of the hardware?
- How do I optimize the Operating System?
- How do I best configure MySQL or MariaDB for a specific database workload?
Then this replay is for you!
We discuss some of the settings that are most often tweaked and which can bring you significant improvement in the performance of your MySQL or MariaDB database. We also cover some of the variables which are frequently modified even though they should not.
Performance tuning is not easy, especially if you’re not an experienced DBA, but you can go a surprisingly long way with a few basic guidelines.
This webinar builds upon blog posts by Krzysztof from the ‘Become a MySQL DBA’ series.
AGENDA
- What to tune and why?
- Tuning process
- Operating system tuning
- Memory
- I/O performance
- MySQL configuration tuning
- Memory
- I/O performance
- Useful tools
- Do’s and do not’s of MySQL tuning
- Changes in MySQL 8.0
SPEAKER
Krzysztof Książek, Senior Support Engineer at Severalnines, is a MySQL DBA with experience managing complex database environments for companies like Zendesk, Chegg, Pinterest and Flipboard.
IBM WebSphere MQ for z/OS V8 - Latest Features Deep DiveDamon Cross
WebSphere MQ for z/OS V8 makes use of many system features and facilities to provide a very
high level of availability and performance for your messages. Come along to this session to learn
the detail behind all the new features and enhancements in the latest release of WebSphere MQ
for z/OS.
MySQL Performance Tuning. Part 1: MySQL Configuration (includes MySQL 5.7)Aurimas Mikalauskas
Is my MySQL server configured properly? Should I run Community MySQL, MariaDB, Percona or WebScaleSQL? How many innodb buffer pool instances should I run? Why should I NOT use the query cache? How do I size the innodb log file size and what IS that innodb log anyway? All answers are inside.
Aurimas Mikalauskas is a former Percona performance consultant and architect currently writing and teaching at speedemy.com. He's been involved with MySQL since 1999, scaling and optimizing MySQL backed systems since 2004 for companies such as BBC, EngineYard, famous social networks and small shops like EstanteVirtual, Pine Cove and hundreds of others.
Additional content mentioned in the presentation can be found here: http://speedemy.com/17
Enabling Presto to handle massive scale at lightning speedShubham Tagra
Presto User Group Singapore Meetup - March 2019.
These slides talk through the current state of Presto and features that help Presto work better in cloud and a glimpse into the roadmap
Production Ready Serverless Java Applications in 3 Weeks AWS UG Cologne Febru...Vadym Kazulkin
Production-ready Serverless Java Applications in 3 weeks" at AWS User Group Cologne 221.02.2019 by Vadym Kazulkin and Elmar Warken
Talking about lessons learned of Lambda, API Gateway, X-Ray and Serverless databases (both DynamoDB and Aurora Serverless), including some new topics such as DynamoDB On Demand and Aurora Serverless Data API
Similar to Policy based cluster management in oracle 12c (20)
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
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- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
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We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
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Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
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1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
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Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
2. About me
Sangam 16 Anju Garg 2
• Oracle Ace
• More than 14 years of experience in IT Industry
• Oracle Certified Specialist and Expert
• Independent Corporate Trainer (Oracle DBA), Author, Speaker
• Member - AIOUG, IOUG, UKOUG
• Oracle blog : http://oracleinaction.com/
• Email : anjugarg66@gmail.com
3. Agenda
• Resource management in a cluster
– Administrator Managed configuration
– Policy Managed configuration
• Server Assignment for Policy Based Cluster Management
– Illustration-I: New Server Assignment
– Illustration-II: Reallocations of servers
• Limitations of Policy Based Management In Oracle Clusterware 11g R2
• Policy based cluster management in Oracle clusterware 12c
– Server Categorization
• Illustration-III
– Extended Policy framework
• Illustration-IV
• Summary
• References
• Q & A
Sangam 16 Anju Garg 3
4. Resource Management In A Cluster
• Administrator Managed configuration
• Policy Managed configuration
Sangam 16 Anju Garg 4
5. Resource Management In A Cluster
Administrator Managed configuration
• Only management strategy available in releases earlier than 11g R2
• Administrator statically assigns clusterware resources to specific servers in
the cluster.
• Oracle Clusterware is responsible for placing the resources on the specified
servers
• Hard coupling between the resources and the servers eliminates resource
sharing .
• An inflexible, manual management configuration best suited for smaller
clusters or rather static systems
• Cannot scale very well in large clusters having more than 8 nodes.
Sangam 16 Anju Garg 5
6. Resource Management In A Cluster
Policy Managed configuration
• Introduced in Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2
• The cluster can be logically partitioned into groups of servers called server
pools.
• Administrator assigns clusterware resources to Server pools whose size can
change dynamically.
• Oracle Clusterware is responsible for placing the resources on the servers
belonging to the specified server pool(s).
• Flexible management eliminates the need for static definitions physically
assigning resources to particular nodes in the cluster.
• Best suited for larger clusters and scales very well in large clusters having
more than 8 nodes.
Sangam 16 Anju Garg 6
7. Policy Based Cluster Management
Server Pools
• Foundation of policy based cluster management
• Logical groups of servers hosting the resources managed by Oracle
Clusterware.
• The scalability of resources is controlled by the MIN_SIZE and MAX_SIZE
attributes of the server pool.
• Different IMPORTANCE can be assigned to server pools
• Critical workloads can be mapped to server pools of higher IMPORTANCE.
• Based on available compute resources in the cluster, Oracle Clusterware will
allocate servers to server pools in order of their IMPORTANCE
• Ensures that business critical workload get the compute resources necessary
to satisfy performance or availability service level agreements.
• Server pools can expand or shrink as requirements change.
Sangam 16 Anju Garg 7
8. Policy Based Cluster Management
Server Pool Types
• Built-in pools : Created automatically with the installation of the cluster
– Generic Server Pool:
• Internally managed server pool
• All attributes are read-only
• Hosts Admininstrator -managed resources.
– Free Server Pool: an internally managed pool
• Internally managed server pool
• IMPORTANCE attribute can be edited by the user
• Contains servers that are not assigned to any other server pools.
• User-created Server Pool
• Created by user
• MIN_SIZE, MAX_SIZE and IMPORTANCE attribute can be edited
by the user
Sangam 16 Anju Garg 8
9. Server Assignment for Policy Based Management
• New Server Assignment
• Reallocation of servers
Sangam 16 Anju Garg 9
10. New Server Assignment
• New servers are assigned to server pools in the following order:
– Generic server pool
– User-created server pool
• Fill all server pools in order of importance until they meet their
minimum (MIN_SIZE).
• Fill all server pools in order of importance until they meet their
maximum (MAX_SIZE).
– Free server pool
Sangam 16 Anju Garg 10
11. Reallocation of servers
• If server(s) leave the cluster, a server reallocation between pools may take
place.
• If there are servers in the Free Pool
– If a server pool falls below its MAX_SIZE value, a free server is moved
from the Free Pool to the affected server pool.
• Else (No free servers)
– Only if a server pool falls below its MIN_SIZE, a server reallocation will
take place as follows:
• Determine the server pool having least IMPORTANCE
• If the least IMPORTANT server pool exceeds its MIN_SIZE
– Move server to deficient pool
• Else (least IMPORTANT server pool <= MIN_SIZE)
– If IMPORTANCE of least IMPORTANT server pool < deficient
pool
» Move server to deficient pool even if it causes the donor
pool to fall below its MIN_SIZE
Sangam 16 Anju Garg
11
12. Policy Based Management: Considerations
• A server can be part of only one server pool at any point in time
• A server pool can have one or more servers.
• A particular resource can run on more than one server pool(s)
• Multiple resources / databases can run on one particular server pool
• A particular service is bound to one database
• One Database Service can be assigned to only one server pool.
• Database services come as “singletons” or “uniform”. They either run on
one server or on all servers in a specific server pool
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14. Environment
• Consider a cluster having 9 servers.
• Three server pools - FrontOffice Pool, BackOffice pool and Line of Business
(LOB) pool have been defined as shown.
• Currently , all the server pools are empty.
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15. Illustration-I : New Server Assignment
• Since FrontOffice Pool has highest IMPORTANCE (=4), and it is below its
MIN_SIZE (=2) , first two servers are assigned to it so that it meets its
MIN_SIZE (=2)
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16. Illustration-I : New Server Assignment
• BackOffice pool which is next in IMPORTANCE (=3) is allocated next
server so that it meets its MIN_SIZE (=1).
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17. Illustration-I : New Server Assignment
• Front office pool is allocated next server so that it meets its MAX_SIZE
(=3).
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18. Example : New Server Assignment
• Nest two servers are assigned to BackOffice pool so that it meets its
MAX_SIZE (=3).
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19. Illustration-I : New Server Assignment
• LOB pool which is next in IMPORTANCE(=2) is allocated two servers so
that it meets its MAX_SIZE (=2).
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20. Illustration-I : New Server Assignment
• One left over server goes to Free Pool
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21. Sangam 16 Anju Garg 21
Illustration-I
Summary
• As servers join the cluster, they are assigned to server pools in the
following order:
– Generic server pool
– User-created server pool
Fill all server pools in order of importance until they meet their
minimum (MIN_SIZE).
Fill all server pools in order of importance until they meet their
maximum (MAX_SIZE).
– Free server pool
23. Illustration-II : Reallocation Of Servers
• One server leaves FrontOffice Pool so that the pool falls below its
MAX_SIZE value (=3).
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24. Illustration-II : Reallocation Of Servers
• Since a server is available in Free Pool, that server is moved to FrontOffice
Pool
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26. Illustration-II : Reallocation Of Servers
• What will happen if front office pool loses another server?
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27. Illustration-II : Reallocation Of Servers
• NOTHING - Since no free servers are available and FrontOffice pool still
has 2 servers (=MIN_SIZE).
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28. Illustration-II : Reallocation Of Servers
• What will happen if FrontOffice pool loses another server?
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29. Illustration-II : Reallocation Of Servers
• If FrontOffice pool loses another server, it is left with only one server and
falls below its MIN_SIZE limit of 2 servers.
• A server should be sourced from one of the other pools.
• Which pool will become the donor in this case?
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30. Illustration-II : Reallocation Of Servers
• Of the BackOffice and LOB pools, LOB pool has the lowest IMPORTANCE
and has more than its minimum number of servers (=0).
• Hence, a server is moved from LOB pool to FrontOffice pool
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32. Illustration-II : Reallocation Of Servers
• What happens if any of FrontOffice or BackOffice Pools fall below their
MIN_SIZE?
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33. Illustration-II : Reallocation Of Servers
• If any of FrontOffice or BackOffice Pools fall below their MIN_SIZE, they
will get the only remaining server in the LOB pool since LOB pool has
– Lowest IMPORTANCE
– More than its minimum number of servers (=0).
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34. Illustration-II : Reallocation Of Servers
• What happens if LOB pool is empty,
– If FrontOffice pool falls below MIN_SIZE
• It can grab server(s) from BackOffice pool so as to meet its
MIN_SIZE even if it requires emptying the BackOffice pool.
– If BackOffice pool falls below MIN_SIZE
• It can get at most one server to meet its MIN_SIZE (=1) from
FrontOffice pool only if FrontOffice pool exceeds its MIN_SIZE
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35. Sangam 16 Anju Garg 35
Illustration-II
Summary
If servers leave the cluster for any reason, a server reallocation may take
place as follows:
• If there are servers in the Free Pool and another server pool falls below its
MAX_SIZE value, a free server is moved from the Free Pool to the
affected server pool.
• If there are no free servers, then server reallocation takes place only if a
server pool falls below its MIN_SIZE value.
– If there are server pools exceeding their MIN_SIZE
The least IMPORTANT server pool will be the donor pool
– Else (All server pools at or below MIN_SIZE)
If there are Server pools less IMPORTANT than the deficient
pool
o The least IMPORTANT server pool will be the donor pool
even if it causes it to shrink below its MIN_SIZE.
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Policy Based Management: Benefits
• Fast resource failover: When the number of nodes in the cluster changes,
servers are reallocated online based on defined policy to satisfy workload
capacity requirements.
• Dynamic capacity assignment : Server Pools can expand or shrink as
requirements change.
• Guaranteed allocation of resources : Critical work will be allocated
required resources preferentially as defined by the policy.
• Isolation of resources: Since server pools do not share resources,
dedicated servers can be provided in a cluster for applications and
databases
• Useful for future planning: Once resource requirements has been defined
for expected workload, additional capacity, whenever available will be
used instantaneously.
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Policy Based Management In Oracle Clusterware 11g R2
Limitations
• All servers were assumed to be homogeneous with regard to their CPU
count, physical memory and other characteristics.
– Placement of servers in server pools could not be governed by server
attributes.
– Sub-optimal performance of applications executing on inadequate
servers
– Administrator needed to manually map workload to servers having
appropriate attributes
A burden to the administrator
Error prone
• Does not consider the fact that server requirements of applications may
be different at different times of the day, week, or month.
– Though server pool properties can be changed to meet such
requirements, it is very cumbersome to do by issuing one command at
a time.
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Policy Based Cluster Management In 12c
With Oracle clusterware 12c, policy based cluster management is enhanced in
three important ways.
• Server Categorization
• Extended Policy framework
• Unification of policy based cluster management with QOS
Management
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Overview
• Enables supporting clusters with heterogeneous servers.
• Servers can be differentiated based on their attributes which can further
govern placement of servers in the server pools.
• Workflow:
– Every server has a set of server configuration attributes associated
with it
– Servers are further organized into particular categories based on
Role of the node (Hub / Leaf),
Server attributes and
Various conditions
– Server categories are associated with server pools so that now server
pools are defined based on server attributes rather than the names of
the servers
• Provides an efficient, automated mechanism to allocate compute
resources to server pools based on pre-defined server attributes.
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Server Attributes
• Various server configuration attributes associated with each server are:
• As Oracle Clusterware stack is started on a server, these attributes are
automatically discovered and stored persistently for each server until
stack is restarted on the server
• Enable Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c to understand heterogeneous
servers in the cluster
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Server Categories
• A new clusterware object
• Enables you to organize servers into particular categories.
• Two internal categories are created by default
- ora.hub.category : Categorizes Hub Nodes
- ora.leaf.category : Categorizes Leaf Nodes
• New user defined server categories can be created
• Various attributes of server category are:
• A server can belong to multiple categories at the same time.
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Apply Server Categories To Server Pools
• Associate Server Pools with Server Categories so that Server pools are
defined based on server attributes such as number of CPUs, CPU speed,
Memory etc. rather than the names of the servers.
• Applications can be assigned to the server pools so that they will run on
the servers belonging to a server category.
• If a server pool loses a server, free servers of the associated category, if
available, will be moved to the server pool.
• If free servers of desired category are not available, servers will be moved
from another server pool of lesser IMPORTANCE in order to satisfy the
requirements of business critical workloads.
• Provides an automated and efficient way to manage environments with
varying workload requirements and with servers of varying capacities .
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Illustration-III
Server Attributes
• Consider a Flex cluster having 3 hub nodes and 2 leaf nodes.
• View server attributes
– Servers host01, host02 and host03 are Hub Nodes and physical
memory associated with them is greater than 2000 MB
– Servers host04 and host05 are Leaf Nodes and physical memory
associated with them is less than 2000 MB
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Illustration-III
Default Server Categories
• List servers in the two default categories
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Illustration-III
User Defined Server Categories
Create new categories
• Small : Leaf Node and Memory < 2000
• Big : Hub Node and Memory >= 2000
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Illustration-III
User Defined Server Categories
• View user defined new categories
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Illustration-III
User Defined Server Categories
• List servers in user defined categories
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Illustration-III
Server Categories
• List categories for servers
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Illustration-III
Apply Server Categories To Server Pools
• Create server pools and associate them with big / small categories as
follows:
Server pool Category
Bigpool Big
Smallpool Small
Testpool Small
Backuppool Big
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Illustration-III
Apply Server Categories To Server Pools
• View server pools and associated categories:
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Illustration-III
Summary
• Server categorization enables organization of servers into particular
categories by using various server attributes.
• A Server pool can be associated with a category so that servers belonging
to the category are eligible to be members of the pool .
• Server pools are defined based on server attributes rather than the
names of the servers
• Provides an efficient, automated mechanism to manage clusters made up
of heterogeneous nodes.
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Need for Extended Policy Framework
• In Oracle clusterware earlier than 12c, the server pools could be
configured such that each of the applications is assigned to run in its own
server pool.
• This configuration, however, does not consider the fact that server time
requirement of some applications might be different at different times of
the day, week, or month.
• Server time requirement can vary due to
– An anticipated / unanticipated increase in demand for one or more
applications in the cluster.
– Planned maintenance operation (a server needs to be taken down for
maintenance)
– End-of-month or end-of-year changes in demand
• Though server pool properties can be changed to meet such
requirements, it is very cumbersome to do by issuing one command at a
time.
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Overview
• Extended Policy Framework in Oracle clusterware 12c provides the
infrastructure to handle the fluctuating requirements for server time
automatically by means of policies.
• Create policies corresponding to different business needs such that each
policy contains exactly one definition for each server pool defined in the
system.
• These policies collectively represent the cluster configuration policy set.
• Different policies need to be activated at different times in accordance
with business needs.
• When a policy is activated at a relevant time, configuration of server pools
is changed according to server pool definitions in the policy.
• Thus server time allocated to various applications changes automatically
in accordance with changing business needs
• Moreover these policies can even be changed dynamically.
• A centralized policy-based approach allows you to dynamically allocate
and reallocate resources to various applications in the cluster as the
demand changes.
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Illustration-IV
Environment
• User defined server pools: Bigpool, Smallpool, Testpool and Backuppool
• Our requirement is as follows:
Night
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Illustration-IV
Add Policies
• Add Day and Night Policies
• Set the SERVER_POOL_NAMES policy set attribute to define the scope
of the server pools that are controlled by the policy set.
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Illustration-IV
Set Server Pool Attributes In Day Policy
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Illustration-IV
Set Server Pool Attributes In Night Policy
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Illustration-IV
Activate Day Policy
• Activate day policy
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Illustration-IV
Verify Activation Of Day Policy
• Verify that as per the day policy,
• Smallpool has been assigned both the small nodes (host04,host05)
• Bigpool has been assigned three big nodes (host01,host02,host03)
• Testpool and Backuppool have not been assigned any servers
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Illustration-IV
Activate Day Policy
• Activate night policy
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Illustration-IV
Verify Activation Of Night Policy
• Verify that as per the night policy
– Backuppool has been assigned one big node (host01)
– Bigpool has been assigned two big nodes (host02,host03)
– Smallpool has been assigned one small node (host05)
– Testpool has been assigned one small node (host04)
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Illustration-IV
Modify And Reactivate Night Policy
• Modify the configuration of night policy so that backuppool has 2 big
servers and bigpool has 1 big server.
• Reactivate the night policy
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Illustration-IV
Verify Activation Of Modified Night Policy
• As per the modified night policy, one big server (host02) has been taken
away from bigpool and has been assigned to backuppool so that bigpool is
left with only one server and backuppool has 2 servers as desired.
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Illustration-IV
Summary
• Extended policy framework enables policies to be configured to change
pools in accordance with business needs or application demand
• Different policies need to be activated at different times in accordance with
business needs.
• When a policy is activated, configuration of server pools is changed
according to server pool definitions in the policy, so that server time
allocated to various applications changes in accordance with changing
business needs
• These policies can be changed dynamically.
72. Conclusion
• Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11.2) laid the foundation of policy based
cluster management by introducing server pools .
• Limitations of Policy based management in Oracle clusterware 11g R2 :
– As there was no way to distinguish between types of servers, placement
of servers in server pools could not be governed by server attributes.
– This configuration does not consider the fact that server requirements of
applications may be different at different times of the day, week, or
month.
• Enhancements to Policy based management in Oracle clusterware 12c:
– Server Categorization: Servers can be differentiated based on their
attributes which can further govern placement of servers in server pools.
– Extended Policy framework: Policies can be configured to change server
pool attributes in accordance with business needs or application
demand, so that pools provide the right service at the right time. The
administrators can maintain a library of policies and switch between
them as required.
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