This document discusses the history and pedagogical uses of podcasting. It outlines how podcasting emerged in the early 2000s due to improvements in audio recording and distribution technologies. It then discusses how educators have adopted podcasting for various educational purposes, such as recording and distributing lectures, student projects, campus news/events, and enhancing other media like images, videos and blogs. The document provides many examples of colleges and universities that have implemented podcasting in their courses and programs.

1. Podcasting for Teaching and Learning NITLE workshops 2008, revised

2. Plan for the session Background Podcasting from start to finish Pedagogical issues and cases

3. How old is the term? I. Podcasting background

4. How old is the term? February 12, 2004: “ With the benefit of hindsight, it all seems quite obvious. MP3 players, like Apple's iPod, in many pockets, audio production software cheap or free, and weblogging an established part of the internet…” I. Podcasting background

5. How old is the term? February 12, 2004: “… all the ingredients are there for a new boom in amateur radio. But what to call it? Audioblogging? Podcasting ? GuerillaMedia?” (Ben Hammersley, The Guardian )

6. Early, rapid growth

7. Early, rapid growth

8. Early, rapid growth

9. Podcasting News, February 2008 http://www.podcastingnews.com/2008/02/04/podcast-audience-statistics/

10. Context: the player iPods and others (really) Ease of use “ net.gen” Iconic status History: Walkman, Discman, transistor radios The failure of convergence Not the only way we listen to podcasts

11. Pew Internet and American Life project on mp3 players: “ More than 22 million American adults own iPods or MP3 players and 29% of them have downloaded podcasts from the Web so that they could listen to audio files at a time of their choosing….”

12. Pew Internet and American Life project: “… That amounts to more than 6 million adults who have tried this new feature that allows internet “broadcasts” to be downloaded onto their portable listening device.” (April 200 5 )

13. Context: social demand for audio Historical arc of music sharing and republication Web audio grows steadily Net.gen life experience File-sharing persists…

14. About that File-sharing. Context: did copyright policy spur podcasting? Doc Searls on CARP: “ As it developed, Internet radio didn't die [in the early 2000s]. Instead, what happened was the growth of talk radio on the Net, mostly in the form of podcasting...”

15. “… No doubt an unintended consequence of the CARP ruling (creating high bureaucratic and financial costs for broadcasting RIAA-sanctioned music on the Net) was the growth of podcasting.” -Doc Searls, March 2007 ( http://doc.weblogs.com/2007/03/04#riaaMovesToKillInternetRadio )

16. Context: the file format, or “I want my MP3” Decent quality Workable size Portable Net.gen yet again

17. Context: easier, popular tools for playing sound: hardware iPods Laptops Desktops

18. Context: easier tools for recording sound: hardware Mikes Phones MP3 player plugins

19. Context: easier tools for recording and editing sound Context: easier tools for recording and editing sound Increasing number of applications Garageband, iMovie Moviemaker Audacity

20. Context: the Apple effect 2001 January: Apple unleashes iTunes 2001 October: “ “ iPod 2002 Windows compatible iTunes launched

21. Context: easier tools for distribution: syndication R eally S imple S yndication, RSS Free, open standards (XML) Attached to blogs Added to news media Widely used, not widely recognized

22. Protopodcasting Web audio Audioblogging phoneblogging

23. Protopodcasting Web audio Audioblogging phoneblogging (Orson Welles)

24. Mainstream media leaps in BBC NPR ( http://www.npr.org/rss/podcast/podcast_directory.php ) Public radio in general ( http:// www.publicradiofan.com/podcasts.html ) Repurposing, republishing professional radio content

25. II. Podcasting 101 Neologism tracking godcasting nanocasting podfading vlogging podsafe podspamming podvertising porncasting

26. The entire structure: From the top

27. From the other side: finding content

28. Getting your content to the world

29. All together now

30. What is this RSS?

31. Example: Berkeley Science Groks

32. Example: Berkeley Science Groks

33. The Firefox browser tries to help you

34. But clicking on the link gets you something odd:

35. Adding the link to an aggregator: Bloglines

36. Adding the link to another aggregator: Google Reader

37. The structure of podcasting, in other words: The sound file The hardware (laptop, desktop, mobile device, phone) The editor The compressor (often in the editor) The genial host

38. What is this aggregation? RSS means syndication, therefore aggregation Variety of readers for variety of purposes beyond podcasting Bloglines NetNewsWire Newsgator

39. Syndication, therefore podcatchers Juice Songbird Odeo iTunes

40. Syndication is optional for playing (a mere file folder)

41. III. Pedagogy of podcasting How does this connect with teaching and learning? Liberal arts pedagogies Affordances Cases + exploration

42. Pedagogy of podcasting Classic digital pedagogy: timeshifting In- and out of class content Attendance issue Student-driven PS: the Betamax case (1984)

43. Pedagogy of podcasting Classic digital pedagogy: repeatability Scrubbing Focus Student-driven

44. Pedagogy of podcasting New forms: profcasting Bryn Mawr College: Michelle Francl, chemistry Duke: Classroom recording

45. Pedagogy of podcasting Profcasting Mary Washington University: Gardner Campbell, English

46. Pedagogy of podcasting Studentcasting Voice Individual or team-based Constructivism Response composition “ As part of the culmination of the seminar, I recorded student readings of Donne’s work for later distribution as podcasts.”

47. Pedagogy of podcasting Content podcasting on campus Language lessons by iPod (Middlebury College) IT updates (Lafayette College ITS Coffee Break)

48. Student program podcasting on campus War News Radio (Swarthmore College) PEPI courses (University of British Columbia, department of Land and Food Resources)

49. Pedagogy of podcasting Campus program podcasting Language Lab Unleashed (Oberlin College)

50. Pedagogy of podcasting Campus podcasting Allegheny College http://webtools.allegheny.edu/podcast/ Bowdoin College http://www. bowdoin . edu/podcasts/ Colgate University Layafette College https://ww2.lafayette.edu/~soapbox/podcast Swarthmore College http://acad.swarthmore.edu/podcast/

51. Pedagogy of podcasting Focus on content Literary texts Oral history Critical phrasing Foreign language Music History Literature Lab sciences

52. Pedagogy of podcasting Podcasts and research Duke: Field recording Trudi Abel, “Digital Durham and the New South” (Duke University, 2006) New area for podcasting: information literacy

53. Pedagogy of podcasting “ Podagogy” or Podcasting Plus, University of Wisconsin

54. Pedagogy of podcasting “ Podagogy” or Podcasting Plus, University of Wisconsin http://engage.wisc.edu/podcasting/teaching/index.html

55. Podcasts and research Public intellectual Out of the Past Engines of Our Ingenuity In Our Time University Channel The Missing Link

56. Media to enhance other media Podcast + pdfs: Allegheny College, Gothcast

57. Pedagogy of podcasting Enhance other media Middlebury College, Barbara Ganley Podcasting with… Blogging Digital storytelling Photography Study abroad

58. Pedagogy of podcasting Enhance other media Beth Harris, Art History, Fashion Institute of Technology, SUNY Podcasting with… Blogging Flickr Conversations

59. Pedagogy of podcasting Enhance other media Commentary on digital video Example: Battlestar Galactica DVD to Web

60. Pedagogy of podcasting Combine with social software (Missing Link podcast, Southwestern University)

61. Pedagogy of podcasting Combine with social software

62. Pedagogy of podcasting Combine with social software http://missinglinkpodcast.wordpress.com/2008/04/30/episode-10-people-of-the-book/

63. Pedagogy of podcasting Instrumental: enhance other media Apple: sound + images = “enhanced podcasting”

64. Pedagogy of podcasting Influences on other social media Podcasting and videoblogging

65. Pedagogy of podcasting Mixing and mashups Long historical antecedents Constructivism Copyright

66. Pedagogy of podcasting Commentary on primary and secondary sources Merrymount College, Artmobs

67. Pedagogy of podcasting Podcasts and questions for research Information literacy Questions of access Archival problem Editing and sampling challenges Search

68. Podcasting: other issues Copyright issues “ podsafe” Public domain DiY (Garageband)

69. Academic open archives for social media Freesound archive DIY copyright Social networking values University of Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona) ( http://freesound.iua.upf.edu/ )

70. Harvard University Press MIT Press Rutgers Press University of California Press University of Michigan Press Yale Press Academic presses using social media Currently podcasting university presses:

71. Podcasting: other issues Searching podcasts Podscope Podzinger (EveryZing)

72. Podcasting: other issues More emergent issues Collaborative composition Social software

73. Podcasting: other issues Social podcasts http://waxxi.us/interactive.html Podserve http://www.pod-serve.com

74. Podcasting: other issues Copyright issues: content sources Garageband.com - indie music hosting iCompositions - free downloads, discussion for Garageband One Laptop Per Child’s clip archive: http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Sound_samples

75. Podcasting: other issues audio.weblogs.com iPodder Odeo Podanza Finding podcasts Podcast Alley Podcast Network Podcast News

76. Podsafe Audio FreeSound.org - sound library Transom - downloadable shows and resources Disquiet - archive of links to ambient and electronic mp3s Amazon's free downloads Magnatune - inexpensive, and pays artists Jamendo.com - creative commons

77. National Institute for Technology and Liberal Education (NITLE) http://nitle.org Liberal Education Today blog http://b2e.nitle.org