This document provides an overview of civil liberties and civil rights in the United States, with a focus on the rights of African Americans, women, and LGBT individuals. It discusses key events and court cases that expanded rights, such as the 19th amendment granting women's suffrage, Brown v. Board of Education ending separate but equal schools, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibiting discrimination. It also examines ongoing issues of equality and methods of discrimination, such as de jure vs. de facto segregation.

1. PO 101
Spring 2017

4. CIVIL LIBERTIES
 Restrict government action
to protect individual rights
CIVIL RIGHTS
 Require government action
to secure individual rights

6.  1) Public Discrimination
 2) Private Discrimination
 3) Equality and Anti-Discrimination

8.  Equality has come through amendments
 Example: Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
 What is equality?
 How do we know when we’ve achieved it?

12. Rights of Blacks Before the Civil War: Issue of SlaveryRights of Blacks Before the Civil War: Issue of SlaveryRights of Blacks Before the Civil War: Issue of SlaveryRights of Blacks Before the Civil War: Issue of SlaveryRights of Blacks Before the Civil War: Issue of Slavery
How should the government balance the
number of free and slave states in the Union?

13. DRED SCOTT DRED SCOTT
 Scott was a slave and could
not sue for his freedom
 Ruled Missouri
Compromise
unconstitutional

16. This amendment guarantees citizenship in the U.S. regardless of race.

17. Julian Bond and Martin Luther King, Jr.
This amendment gave
African-Americans the
right to vote in the
United States.

18. Whites used several techniques
to disallow Blacks from voting.

19. INSTRUCTIONS:
You are an eligible voter (by law) in Louisiana,
but you are being required to take a literacy test.
Complete this test as best you can in the time allotted.
After five minutes, form a small group and keep working.

20.  Laws establishing separation ofWhites and Blacks
 Included:
 Education (schools)
 Entertainment (pool)
 Housing, Libraries, andTransportation

21. Homer Plessy As long as facilities forWhites
and Blacks were “equal,”
racial separation could exist.
Were they really equal?

23. The NAACP still
exists today and
argues for furthering
African-American
rights in our society.

24. This case
rejected
“separate
but equal”
in public
education,
ordering the
integration
of public
schools.

26. When Rosa
Parks refused
to give up her
seat on a bus,
it became a
major event in
the Civil Rights
movement.

27. DE JURE
 Discrimination by Law
 Treat people differently
due to race
 Faced by Blacks in South
 Eventually was defeated
through integration, etc.
DE FACTO
 Discrimination in Fact
 Occurred in North
 Much harder to eliminate
because segregation more
woven in society

28. This act prohibited discrimination on race in public
accommodations and in employment practices.

29. TheVRA eliminated past discriminatory practices,
like literacy tests and grandfather clauses.

32. FIRST-WAVE FEMINISM
 Political Equality
SECOND-WAVE FEMINISM
 Social and Cultural Equality

33. This amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote.

34. PHYLLIS SCHLAFLYEQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT
 Passed by Congress but never
ratified by states
 Would have banned discrimination
on basis of gender
 Why did the ERA fail?
 Theory vs. Practice
 TraditionalValues
 Unnecessary

37.  Political Compromise
 Military would not “ask”
anyone about their
sexual orientation
 Homosexual members
would not “tell” them.
 Struck down in 2011

38. This law defined marriage between
one man and one woman.

41. Policies taking race, religion, gender, etc. into account
in order to benefit a group in employment, education, etc.

43. Employers must make
accommodations for
employees with limitations.
Public places (restaurants,
hotels, movie theaters, etc.)
must follow this act.
Campus centers for students
with disabilities