This document covers topics related to civil liberties and civil rights in the United States, including protections from and by the government. It discusses the evolution of equality through constitutional amendments such as the 19th Amendment granting women's suffrage. Key civil rights issues addressed include the rights of blacks before the Civil War, Plessy v. Ferguson establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine, Brown v. Board of Education rejecting separate public schools, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibiting discrimination. The document also examines feminism and the failed Equal Rights Amendment along with "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" and the Defense of Marriage Act regarding LGBQT rights.

1. PO 101
Fall 2016

4. CIVIL LIBERTIES
 Protections FROM the
government
CIVIL RIGHTS
 Protections BY the
government

6.  1) Public Discrimination
 2) Private Discrimination
 3) Equality and Anti-Discrimination

8.  Equality has come through amendments
 Example: Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
 What is equality?
 How do we know when we’ve achieved it?

12. Rights of Blacks Before the Civil War: Issue of SlaveryRights of Blacks Before the Civil War: Issue of SlaveryRights of Blacks Before the Civil War: Issue of SlaveryRights of Blacks Before the Civil War: Issue of SlaveryRights of Blacks Before the Civil War: Issue of Slavery
How should the government balance the
number of free and slave states in the Union?

13. DRED SCOTT DRED SCOTT
 Scott was a slave and could
not sue for his freedom
 Ruled Missouri
Compromise
unconstitutional

16. This amendment guarantees citizenship in the U.S. regardless of race.

17. Julian Bond and Martin Luther King, Jr.
This amendment gave
African-Americans the
right to vote in the
United States.

19.  Laws that did not allow Blacks to vote in party
primaries, so whites were always elected
 Blacks ended up with no vote or voice

20. Slaves’ grandfathers at this
time were also slaves.
“Grandfather clauses” allowed
Whites to deny voting rights
to African-Americans.

21. Whites would be given much easier
tests than African-Americans.
Whites determined who “passed”
and “failed” the literacy tests.

22. INSTRUCTIONS:
You are an eligible voter (by law) in Louisiana,
but you are being required to take a literacy test.
Complete this test as best you can in the time allotted.
After five minutes, form a small group and keep working.

23.  Laws establishing separation ofWhites and Blacks
 Included:
 Education (schools)
 Entertainment (pool)
 Housing, Libraries, andTransportation

24. Homer Plessy As long as facilities forWhites
and Blacks were “equal,”
racial separation could exist.
Were they really equal?

26. The NAACP still
exists today and
argues for furthering
African-American
rights in our society.

27. This case
rejected
“separate
but equal”
in public
education,
ordering the
integration
of public
schools.

29. When Rosa
Parks refused
to give up her
seat on a bus,
it became a
major event in
the Civil Rights
movement.

30. DE JURE
 Discrimination by Law
 Treat people differently
due to race
 Faced by Blacks in South
 Eventually was defeated
through integration, etc.
DE FACTO
 Discrimination in Fact
 Occurred in North
 Much harder to eliminate
because segregation more
woven in society

31. This act prohibited discrimination on race in public
accommodations and in employment practices.

32. TheVRA eliminated past discriminatory practices,
like literacy tests and grandfather clauses.

35. FIRST-WAVE FEMINISM
 Political Equality
SECOND-WAVE FEMINISM
 Social and Cultural Equality

36. This amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote.

37. PHYLLIS SCHLAFLYEQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT
 Passed by Congress but never
ratified by states
 Would have banned discrimination
on basis of gender
 Why did the ERA fail?
 Theory vs. Practice
 TraditionalValues
 Unnecessary

40.  Political Compromise
 Military would not “ask”
anyone about their
sexual orientation
 Homosexual members
would not “tell” them.
 Struck down in 2011

41. This law defined marriage between
one man and one woman.

44. Policies taking race, religion, gender, etc. into account
in order to benefit a group in employment, education, etc.

46. Employers must make
accommodations for
employees with limitations.
Public places (restaurants,
hotels, movie theaters, etc.)
must follow this act.
Campus centers for students
with disabilities